Title: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE LEADING TO THE 21ST CENTURY IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN ASIA
1CONTINUITY AND CHANGE LEADING TO THE 21ST CENTURY
IN SOUTHERN AND EASTERN ASIA
- STANDARDSS7H3
- THE STUDENT WILL ANALYZE CONTINUITY AND CHANGE IN
SOUTHERN AND EASTERN ASIA LEADING TO THE 21ST
CENTURY - A. DESCRIBE HOW NATIONALISM LED TO INDEPENDENCE
IN INDIA AND VIETNAM
2NATIONALISM
- WHAT IS IT?
- EXTREME PRIDE IN ONES COUNTRY TO THE POINT OF
ULTIMATE SACRIFICE. - WHY?
- PEOPLE GENERALLY WANT TO FEEL LIKE THEY ARE IN
CONTROL OF THEMSELVES AND THE FATES OF THEIR
COUNTRYMEN AS A COLLECTIVE CULTURALLY HOMOGENOUS
GROUP. - FOREIGN DOMINANCE OR INTERFERENCE WITH
TRADITIONAL, CULTURAL, AND ESTABLISHED NORMS IS
RESISTED. - STANDARD
- b. DESCRIBE THE IMPACT OF MOHANDIS GANDHIS BELIEF
IN NON-VIOLENT PROTEST
3THE PEOPLE OF INDIA DESIRED SUCH FREEDOM FROM
GREAT BRITAIN. THEIR NATIONALIST LEADER WAS AN
UNLIKELY CANDIDATE. MOHANDIS GANDHI (PICTURED
HERE) WAS A VERY SMALL MILD MANNERED HOLY MAN OF
THEIR FAITH WHO LED THEM IN THEIR NON-VIOLENT
PASSIVE RESISTENCE OF BRITISH DOMINANCE. HE WAS
CALLED MOHATMA WHICH MEANT GREAT SOUL. HE
LED NON-VIOLENT RESISTANCE TO BRITISH RULE AND
DOMINATION THAT LED TO THE CREATION OF FREE AND
INDEPENDENT INDIA AND PAKISTAN. A HINDU HIMSELF,
HE TRIED HARD TO KEEP INDIA AND PAKISTAN
TOGETHER ALTHOUGH THE HINDUS AND MUSLIMS FOUGHT
BITTERLY IN RELIGIOUS WARS. HIS NON-VIOLENT
MEANS OF RESISTANCE CALLED SATYAGRAHA INSPIRED
THE NON-VIOLENT PROTESTS OF MARTIN LUTHER KING
JR. AND THE AMERICAN CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT.
HE WAS ASSASSINATED IN 1948 BY ONE OF HIS FELLOW
HINDUS FOR HIS ATTEMPTS TO BRING HINDUS AND
MUSLIMS TOGETHER.
4THE STORY OF NATIONALISM IN VIETNAM IS VERY
DIFFERENT FROM THAT OF INDIA. VIETNAM WAS ONCE
RULED BY CHINA, AND IT GAINED ITS INDEPENDENCE
FROM CHINA ONLY TO FIND ITSELF BITTERLY DIVIDED
INTO CIVIL FACTIONS THAT LED TO VIOLENT UPHEAVAL
AND CIVIL WAR ESPECIALLY IN DIVISIONS BETWEEN THE
NORTHERN PART OF THE COUNTRY AND THE SOUTHERN
PART. FRANCE TOOK CONTROL OF VIETNAM IN
1858. THE VIETNAMESE PEOPLE SOUGHT FREEDOM FROM
THE OPPRESSIVE FRENCH. A NORTHERN LEADER HO CHI
MINH (PICTURED HERE) LOOKED FOR HELP FROM
COMMUNIST CHINA TO OUST THE FRENCH. THE UNITED
STATES SENT WEAPONS AND AID TO THE FRENCH TO TRY
AND KEEP COMMUNISM FROM SPREADING TO THE SOUTH.
THE COUNTRY WAS DIVIDED INTO NORTH AND SOUTH
VIETNAM IN 1954. THE UNITED STATES TOOK THE
LEAD IN THE FIGHT AGAINST THE COMMUNIST NORTH
AND
5THE FRENCH ABNDONED VIETNAM. ALTHOUGH THE
UNITED STATES CLEARLY WON THE WAR ON
THE BATTLEFIELD IN VIETNAM, POLITICAL DIVISION,
UNPOPULARITY OF THE WAR, LIBERAL POLITICIANS AND
POLICIES IN THE UNITED STATES GOVT. LED TO THE
ULTIMATE WITHDRAWAL OF FORCES FROM VIETNAM IN
1975. VIETNAM WENT ON TO UNIFY AS A COMMUNIST
NATION IN 1976. THOUSANDS OF SOUTH VIETNAMESE
FLED THE COUNTRY AS COMMUNIST RULERS BRUTALLY
TOOK OVER THE DEMOCRATICALLY SYMPATHETIC
SOUTH. WHERE INDIAS NATIONALIST INDEPENDENCE
MOVEMENT WAS RELATIVELY NON-VIOLENT BY MUTUAL
PARTIES, VIETNAMS HISTORY IS LITTERED
WITH VIOLENT, CORRUPT, AND ALMOST CONTINUOUS
NATIONALISM.
6REBUILDING JAPAN AFTER WORLD WAR IISTANDARDc.
explain the role of the united states in the
rebuilding of Japan after WWII
- JAPAN SURRENDERED TO ALLIED FORCES AFTER THE
DROPPING OF THE ATOMIC BOMBS ON HIROSHIMA AND
NAGASAKI IN 1945.
7OUT OF THE ASHES
- JAPAN WAS A WRECK AFTER WORLD WAR II
- THE U.S. PROVIDED LOANS AND ADVICE WHILE
OCCUPYING JAPAN IN MARTIAL LAW AFTER THE WAR. - THE JAPANESE PEOPLE PUT OFF THEIR ANCIENT WARLIKE
TRADITIONAL WAYS AND TURNED THEIR ATTENTION ON
THEIR FALLEN ECONOMY. - AMERICA HELPED JAPAN ESTABLISH A NEW DEMOCRATIC
FORM OF GOVERNMENT MODELED MUCH LIKE OUR OWN. - TODAY, THEY ARE ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL
ECONOMIES IN THE WORLD WITH A DEMOCRATIC
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY LED BY A PRIME MINISTER
AND A LEGISLATURE CALLED THE DIET. - THE JAPANESE PEOPLE ARE NOW A MOSTLY HOMOGENEOUS
SOCIETY (ONE ETHNIC GROUP) THAT LIVE BY THE
PRINCIPLE OF OHN OR MEMBERSHIP TO THE GROUP FIRST
INDIVIDUAL SECOND. - THEY ARE CLOSELY TIED TO THE UNITED STATES TODAY
EVEN THOUGH WE WERE BITTER ENEMIES DURING WWII.
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9COMMUNIST CHINASTANDARDd. describe the impact
of communism in China in terms of Mao Zedong, the
Great Leap Forward, the Cultural Revolution, and
Tiananmen square
- CHINAS HISTORY IS MUCH TOO LONG AND COMPLEX TO
ANALYZE IN THE TIME WE HAVE. - BASICALLY, CHINA HAS BEEN A CLOSED SOCIETY FOR
MUCH OF ITS HISTORY. - THEY FOUGHT AMONGST THEMSELVES SUCESSIVELY FOR
THOUSANDS OF YEARS IN AND OUT OF IMPERIAL
DYNASTIES WITHOUT FOREIGN INTERFERENCE. - EVENTUALLY, FOREIGNERS LIKE THE BRITISH, FRENCH,
AND AMERICANS WOULD PENETRATE THEIR CLOSED DOOR
POLICY. - LIKE MANY OTHER EASTERN NATIONS, CHINA EVENTUALLY
REACHED A POINT OF STRUGGLE INDUCED BY THE UNITED
STATES AND ITS ALLIES AGAINST THE SOVIET UNION
AND ITS ALLIES OF THE COLD WAR. - CHINA WOULD ULTIMATELY DECIDE THROUGH VIOLENT
UPHEAVAL WHETHER IT WOULD BE A FREE DEMOCRATIC
SOCIETY OR A COMMUNIST ONE. - DEMOCRATIC FROM 1911 TO 1945, THE CHINESE AGAIN
DIVIDED AND THE COMMUNISTS LED BY MAO ZEDONG TOOK
OVER CONTROL OF CHINA MAKING IT A COMMUNIST
COUNTRY.
10CHAIRMAN MAO, AS HE WAS CALLED, TOOK CONTROL OF
CHINAS ECONOMY. HE LED A MOVEMENT CALLED THE
GREAT LEAP FORWARD. IT WAS A HUGE FAILURE! HE
TRIED TO SET UP HUGE COMMUNES TO IMPROVE
AGRICULTURE AND INDUSTRY, BUT AS MILLION 20
MILLION STARVED. IN RESPONSE TO HIS FAILURE, A
MOVEMENT AMONG THE CHINESE PEOPLE CALLED FOR
REFORM. IN FEAR OF LOSING POWER, MAO DID WHAT
MOST COMMUNISTS DO. HE BEGAN A POLICY OF
DICTATORIAL RULE CALLED THE CULTURAL
REVOLUTION WHERE ANYONE WHO SPOKE AGAINST THE
GOVT. WAS PUT DOWN INHUMANELY BY THE MILITARY
CALLED THE RED GUARDS MAO DIED IN 1976. SINCE
THEN CHINA HAS SLIGHTLY OPENED UP TO THE WORLD,
BUT IT IS STILL A COMMUNIST NATION WHOSE GOVT.
DOES NOT LIKE BEING CRITICIZED.
11TIANANMEN SQUARE
- 1989, MOSTLY COLLEGE AGED YOUNG PEOPLE SPOKE OUT
AND DEMONSTRATED AGAINST THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT
IN THIS BEIJING SQUARE. - HUNDREDS WERE KILLED OR WOUNDED AS THE MILITARY
PUT THE DEMONSTRATION DOWN. - SINCE, THE WORLD HAS PUT PRESSURE ON THE CHINESE
TO GIVE AND PROTECT MORE HUMAN RIGHTS LIKE
FREEDOM OF SPEECH, FREEDOM OF RELIGION, AND RIGHT
TO PURSUE HAPPINESS.
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13COLD WAR ASIASTANDARDe. Explain the reasons
for foreign involvement in Korea and Vietnam in
terms of containment of Communism
- MANY OF THE NATIONS OF SOUTHERN AND EASTERN ASIA
TODAY OWE THEIR CURRENT STATUS TO THE EVENTS OF
THE COLD WAR BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND THE
SOVIET UNION (NOW RUSSIA) BETWEEN 1945 AND 1991. - VIETNAM AS WE HAVE ALREADY DISCUSSED AND KOREA
ARE TWO. - VIETNAM WAS REUNITED IN 1976 AS A COMMUNIST
NATION. HOWEVER, KOREA WHICH WAS A SITE OF
UNITED STATES INVOLVEMENT VERY SIMILIARLY IN THE
1950S, REMAINS DIVIDED INTO A FREE SOUTH AND
COMMUNIST NORTH WITH A DMZ (DEMILITARIZED ZONE)
DIVIDING THEM. - THESE GEOGRAPHIC OUTCOMES ARE A DIRECT RESULT OF
THE UNITED STATES ATTEMPTS TO CONTAIN THE SPREAD
OF COMMUNISM DURING THE COLD WAR.
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