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Southern English Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

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Tobacco was one of the most successful crops in the southern colonies, ... The great distances between farms and plantations made having community schools difficult. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Southern English Colonies Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia


1
Southern English ColoniesMaryland, Virginia,
North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia
2
Rural Farmers
  • In contrast to the New England and Middle
    Colonies the Southern Colonies (Virginia,
    Maryland, North and South Carolina, and Georgia)
    were primarily rural and agrarian.

3
Virginia and Maryland
  • Virginia was Englands first colony in America
    and tobacco made it a profitable one.
  • Maryland, settled in 1632 by Sir George Calvert
    and his son, Cecil (Lord Baltimore) as a refuge
    for Catholics who were treated unfairly in
    England.
  • Maryland was named after Henrietta Maria, the
    Kings Spanish wife and Catholic.

4
Religious tolerance in Maryland
  • Eight years after the establishment of the
    Maryland colony the Catholics that the colony had
    been formed to protect formed less than 25
    percent of the inhabitants. In 1649 the
    proprietor feared that Catholics and other
    religions could lose their religious freedom.
  • The assembly passed the famous Toleration Act,
    providing that "no person in this province
    professing to believe in Jesus Christ shall be in
    any ways troubled, molested, or discountenanced
    for his or her religion...so that they be not
    unfaithful to the lord proprietary or molest or
    conspire against the civil government
    established. 
  • This is the first law guaranteeing religious
    toleration in the American colonies,

5
  • By the late 1600s, Virginia and Maryland's
    economic and social structure rested on the great
    planters and the yeoman (small) farmers. The
    rich planters of the tidewater region, using
    slave labor, held most of the best land and
    political power.
  • They built great houses, adopted an aristocratic
    (royal) way of life and kept in touch as best
    they could with the world of culture in Europe.

6
Crops and laborers
  • The Southern colonies offered a warm and humid
    climate that was excellent for growing crops.
  • Tobacco was one of the most successful crops in
    the southern colonies, especially Virginia, and
    rice, corn, indigo and wheat were other
    successful crops. 

7
  • At first, indentured servants were used to help
    on the large plantations. Eventually more workers
    were needed and slavery became common in the
    southern colonies.

To limit the rights of slaves and to protect the
colonists property (slaves) the colonists passed
SLAVE CODES which governed the behavior of
enslaved Africans. These laws were based in the
belief that slaves were inferior to the colonists
because of their skin color and African origin.
This is called racism.
8
Bacons Rebellion
  • High taxes, low prices for tobacco, and
    resentment against special privileges given to
    friends of the governor, Sir William Berkeley ,
    caused a popular revolt led by Nathaniel Bacon in
    colonial Virginia in 1676.
  • Berkeley's failure to defend the frontier farmers
    against attacks by Native Americans caused Bacon
    to make 2 illegal attacks against the local
    tribes. Bacon was then elected to the new House
    of Burgesses which Berkeley had been forced to
    convene.

Nathaniel Bacon
9
  • When Berkeley had Bacon arrested his supporters
    forced his release. Bacon then gathered his
    supporters, marched on Jamestown, and forced
    Berkeley into giving him permission to continue
    his attacks against Native Americans.
  • The governor, having failed to raise troops
    against Bacon, fled to the Eastern Shore. He
    gathered enough soldiers to return to Jamestown,
    where he declared Bacon and his men rebels and
    traitors.
  • Bacon recaptured the capital (Berkeley again ran
    away) but, fearing that he could not hold it
    against attack, burned the town. Bacon now
    controlled the colony, but he died suddenly
    (Oct., 1676), and without his leadership the
    rebellion collapsed.

Sir William Berkeley
10
  • Charleston, South Carolina, became the leading
    port and trading center of the South.
  • The settlers quickly learned to profit from cash
    crops and the busy port became a major source of
    prosperity.
  • The dense longleaf pine forests also brought
    profit from lumber, tar and resin from the
    provided some of the best shipbuilding materials
    in the world.

11
The Carolinas
  • The Carolinas, names after King Charles II in
    1663 differed from north to south.
  • The North was settled mostly by poor tobacco
    farmers from Virginia.
  • The South was governed by the Eight Lords
    Proprietor who received their land from the King
    to repay a debt..
  • Many early settlers were English planters from
    Barbados in the Caribbean.
  • They set up Charles Town which became Charleston
    as a major sea port for exporting their crops to
    Europe.

12
North and South Carolina
  • North and South Carolina produced and exported
    rice and indigo, a blue dye obtained from native
    plants, which was used in coloring fabric. By
    1750 more than 100,000 people lived in the two
    colonies of North and South Carolina.

13
Georgia
  • Georgia, the last of the 13 English colonies was
    established as a safe place for English debtors
    to start new lives.
  • James Ogelthorpe, a respected English soldier and
    reformer believed that with strict rules any poor
    debtor who worked hard could be prosperous.
  • With Englands enemy, Spain, in Florida it was
    also good to have a buffer colony between
    Spanish lands and the Carolinas.

14
  • Farms had to be 500 acres or less, no slavery,
    and no alcohol. The colony grew slowly and
    Ogelthorpe had to loosen his rules to get
    settlers.
  • Mary Musgrove, an English/Creek Indian helped
    Ogelthorpe as a translator and peace negotiator
    between the settlers and local Indians.
  • The settlers fought bravely against Spanish
    incursions to keep their farms.

15
The Backcountry
  • Population growth in the back country had grown
    as German immigrants and Scots-Irish, unwilling
    to live in the original tidewater settlements
    where English influence was strong, pushed
    inland.
  • Those who could not secure good fertile land
    along the coast headed for the backcountry.
  • Soon the interior was dotted with farms.

16
  • Anyone could choose to find a new home in the
    backcountry on the frontier. In order to keep
    everyone from leaving the cities the powerful
    tidewater officials were obliged to relax
    political policies and laws, land-grant
    requirements and religious practices.
  • This movement into the foothills was of
    tremendously important for the future of
    America.

17
  • Living on the edge of the Indian country,
    frontier families built cabins, cleared fields in
    the forests and cultivated maize (corn) and
    wheat. The men wore buckskin leather made from
    the skin of deer or sheep.The womens clothes
    were made of cloth they spun at home. Their food
    consisted of venison, wild turkey and fish.
  • For fun they had great barbecues, dances,
    housewarmings for newly married couples, shooting
    matches and contests for making quilted blankets.

Quilts remain an American tradition today.
18
Colonial Schools
  • Of equal importance were the foundations of
    American education and culture established during
    the colonial period.
  • Noteworthy was the growth of a school system
    maintained by the government.
  • The Puritans emphasis on reading directly from
    the Scriptures underscored the importance of
    literacy.

19
  • In the Southern colonies, wealthy planters and
    merchants imported private tutors from Ireland or
    Scotland to teach their children or they sent
    their children to school in England. Having these
    other opportunities, the upper classes in the
    Tidewater were not interested in paying for
    public schools. The great distances between farms
    and plantations made having community schools
    difficult.

20
  • The desire for learning did not stop at the
    backcountry. The Scots-Irish, though living in
    primitive cabins, were firm believers of
    learning. They made great efforts to attract
    learned ministers to their settlements to teach
    the children as well as preach to the
    congregations.

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Goodbye !!
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