Social Reasons For Participation

1
Social Reasons For Participation

• INCREASED LEISURE TIME - people nowadays have
  much more leisure time than in the past.
• Some people like to spend this time visiting
  health and fitness clubs whilst others prefer a
  walk in the countryside.
• People are much more mobile now so a visit to the
  seaside for example is easy to access.
• There are several reasons for this increase in
  leisure time.

2
Various leisure pursuits
3

• THE SHORTER WORKING WEEK - in the UK today
  workers work 37 hours per week or less. During
  the 1960s it was common to work between 40 and
  44 hours.
• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES - technology has reduced
  the hours it used to take to do many jobs. There
  are also other benefits for example advances in
  medicine has meant people are living longer and
  therefore able to take part in leisure and
  sporting activities beyond retirement age.
• EARLY RETIREMENT - more people now take an early
  retirement than ever before
• UNEMPLOYMENT - unemployment gives people time to
  take part in sport and leisure activities.
  However money can be an issue.

4

• WHY PEOPLE PARTICIPATE
• There are three general categories that can help
  us to understand why sport and recreation might
  be important to many people
• HEALTH - people are becoming more concerned with
  their health and well being
• LEISURE - many people like to participate in
  physical activity simply because they enjoy it.
  It also provides a great opportunity to socialise
  and make new friends
• VOCATION - there are thousands of people who take
  part in sport ad physical activities simply
  because its their job .

5
The Role of The School In Promoting Participation

• SPORT IN SCHOOL - schools encourage participation
  in sport in a number of different ways such as a
  performer, organiser, coach, captain and there
  are many more.
• This can lead to continued participation into
  adulthood, especially when links with sport clubs
  and leisure centres are established
• Schools promote sport through PE and GAMES

6

• COMPULSORY LESSONS
• National Curriculum (5-16 years)
• Games
• Gymnastics
• Athletics
• Dance
• Swimming

7

• EXTRA CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES
• Representative teams
• Sport activity clubs
• Residential Holidays
• Visits to Leisure Clubs
• Links with the Local Clubs
• Specialist Coaching Clinics

8

• AWARDS AND EXAMS
• Sport Specific Achievement Awards/Certificates
  e.g. BAGA, ASA
• Sports Leaders Award
• GCSE Level Exam
• A Level Exam
• GNVQ

9

• ACTIVITIES AVAILAVBLE FOR SCHOOL CHILDREN -
  depend on the following things
• Facilities within a school
• Facilities outside a school - links with sports
  clubs, leisure centres, etc.
• Experience, expertise and enthusiasm of the
  teaching staff
• Access to specialist coaching - links with clubs,
  sports governing bodies, development officer,
  award schemes
• A schools specialisation - e.g. sports college

10
Social Background

• POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE INFLUECES ON PARTICIPATION
  
• Everyone is subject to factors which may
  influence their participation in a sport or
  activity.
• ACCESS
• Depends on how near you live to a sports
  facility.

11

• AGE
• Some sports or activities are more appropriate to
  certain age group
• People may participate less as they get older
• DISABILITY
• This may limit the number and types of sport
  available and who can actually participate
• Many sports are doing more to provide for
  disabled athletes
• Athletes with disability - not disabled athletes
• disability sport - not disabled sport!

12
Disabled sport is getting more recognition, but
not as much as it should.
13

• EDUCATION
• A positive school experience may lead to
  continued participation in later life.
• Compulsory PE in state schools up to the age of
  16
• ENVIRONMENT AND CLIMATE
• top winter sports people tend to come from the
  cold, mountainous regions/environments
• FAMILY
• provide early introduction to activities
• role models (parents and siblings)
• encouragement and support

14

• GENDER
• Male participation is higher than female
• More sports and activities are available to males
• Almost all professional sport award less prize
  money for womens events than mens
• THE MEDIA
• Can raise the awareness of sports, activities and
  healthy lifestyles
• Promote role models
• Increase the popularity of minority sports

15
Gender Media

• Could the media make women's football as popular
  as the men's?

16

• PEER GROUP
• Friends of similar age or background can be
  either active or non-active in sport. This could
  influence or place pressure on peers.
• POLITICS
• Government involvement on how much is spent on
  providing facilities for public use
• The elite may receive special help to promote
  excellence and national pride.
• In 1960 the western world began to see the
  emergence of athletes from eastern European
  countries that were almost unbeatable. This
  success was a result of state policy.

17

• POVERTY
• Unemployment limits participation due to lack of
  money
• Some sports are too expensive
• Local communities or countries may be too poor to
  provide facilities
• SPONSORSHIP
• Sponsorship is a very big business in sport
• A definition of sponsorship in sport might be
  that it is the funding of sporting activity
  for commercial gain
• ( Institute of Sport Sponsorship, funded in 1985)

18

• RACE, TRADITION AND CULTURE
• In some countries National Sports are more
  popular.
• Sport is important with professional performers
  having a high profile
• Womens sport is still disapproved of
• Occasions in past when countries have been
  excluded from participation in international
  sporting events because of their discrimination
  against ethnic groups
• Between 1964 and 1992 South Africa were banned
  from the Olympic Games as the culture of the
  white people who ruled the country would not
  accept that white and black people are equal
• Under the policy of Apartheid black and white
  people were not allowed to mix.

19
Local and National Facilities

• When assessing what facilities are provided
  within the UK and whether they have an effect on
  participation in sport and activity. Both local
  provision and national provision must take focus.
  
• LOCAL PROVISION -the major providers of
  facilities in most localities are
• Local Authority
• Private Enterprise
• Private and voluntary clubs in associations

20

• LOCAL AUTHORITY
• They encourage participation through
• Provision of public facilities
• The dual use of school facilities
• Organisation of special sessions at sports
  centres
• PRIVATE ENTERPRISE
• A number of recreational and sporting facilities
  are now offered by private health and sports
  clubs
• Members normally pay a joining fee followed by
  their membership. Non-member cannot use the
  facilities

21

• PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY CLUBS AND ASSOCIATIONS
• There is a difference between private facilities
  that are run as a business and those run by their
  members which exist to provide playing and social
  facilities for them
• These non-profit making clubs and associations
  are usually run by elected committees
• The committees work voluntary for the good of the
  rest of the membership
• NATIONAL PROVISION
• Similar to local provision, the provision of
  national facilities comes from a mixture of
  public and private funding

22

• THE SPORTS COUNCIL
• UK sport (formerly known as the Sports Council)
  is an organisation which deals with the
  development of sport and sporting performances in
  the UK as a whole. Each home country also has its
  own sports council, for example, SPORT ENGLAND.
  Sport England is concerned with encouraging
  participation and performance in sport and
  recreational activity

23

• NATIONAL CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE
• Centres of excellence are used by
• Sports governing bodies
• To support performers at all levels
• For training and coaching programmes
• To provide injury clinics
• By elite athletes, players and teams
• To further educate coaches

24

• The six Centres of Excellence
• Manchester - Cycling
• Bisham Abbey - Tennis
• Plas y Brehin - Outdoor Pursuits
• Lilleshall - Football and gymnastics
• Holme Pierrepoint - Water Sports
• Crystal Palace - Athletics, swimming and diving

25
Gymnastic Facilities at Lilleshall
26

• THE ADMINISTRATION OF SPORT
• A new development which came out of the Soviet
  involvement in sport in the 1960s, 70s and 80s
  was its use of special schools, or institutes,
  which existed solely for the purpose of producing
  excellence in sport.
• These institutes provided facilities for the
  development of athletics, coaches, sports,
  scientists and a host of related services.
• In the 1990s a similar structure started to build
  up in the UK.
• Britains poor performance in Atlanta in the
  Olympic said to have an effect in the
  restructuring the way sport is organised in the
  UK

27

• The current structure is centred upon an
  organisation called UK Sport.
• UK Sport is to administer the United Kingdom
  Sports Institute (UKSI).
• The English Institutes of Sport is currently a
  network of nine regional centres.
• The current slogan on which Sport England bases
  its activities is.
• MORE PEOPLE, MORE PLACES, MORE MEDALS