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IACUC Primer

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Title: IACUC Primer


1
IACUC Primer
  • NC SRA
  • March, 2005

2
What does IACUC stand for?
  • Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

3
Roles and Responsibilities
  • Use of animals for any reason is not a right, it
    is a privilege
  • Who is the most responsible and important party
    for any compliance program (animals especially)?
  • The user
  • The IACUC
  • The Institutional Official
  • The Chancellor
  • The Trustees

4
IACUCs are required by..
  • Federal Law (Animal Welfare Act)
  • Regulations - United States Department of
    Agriculture (USDA)
  • Policies - Public Health Service (PHS)

5
What are the IACUCs responsibilities?
  • To assist investigators and instructors in
    maintaining the institutions compliance with the
    Animal Welfare Act and federal animal welfare
    regulations
  • Review and approve research and teaching
    activities involving the use of vertebrate
    animals
  • Review/monitor welfare of vertebrate animals
    maintained by the institution (housing and care)
  • In reality, their job is to foster an environment
    of compassion, common sense and caring

6
Who is concerned with animal welfare?
  • Governmental Agencies
  • USDA- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
    (APHIS)
  • Health and Human Services (HHS) Public Health
    Service (PHS)
  • National Institutes of Health (NIH)
  • Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW)
  • Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

7
And also
  • Scientists
  • - Scientists Center for Animal Welfare (SCAW)
  • - American Association for Laboratory Animal
    Science (AALAS)
  • - Association for the Accreditation and
    Assessment of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC,
    International)
  • - Institute for Laboratory Animal Research
    (ILAR)
  • - Federation of Animal Science Societies (FASS)

8
Who else is interested?
  • Public Animal-Centric Organizations American
    Humane Association (AHA) Humane Society of the
    United States (HSUS)
  • Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to
    Animals (SPCA)
  • Health Care Consumers(medical treatments,
    vaccines, cures for disease)
  • Agricultural Operations(Meat and Dairy
    Producers)
  • Consumers

9
Animal Welfare versus Animal Rights
  • USDA, PHS, OLAW and IACUCs are concerned with the
    safe, appropriate and humane use of animals for
    agricultural and biomedical research and
    teaching. Our charge is simply animal welfare.
  • Many animal rights groups are based upon the
    philosophical views of individuals who are
    opposed to the production or consumption of
    animals for food, and the use of animals for
    research, education, transportation, recreation,
    or exhibition. Some of these groups are even
    opposed to pet ownership.

10
Public Records - FOIA
  • Freedom Of Information Act (FOIA)
  • USDA Inspection Reports
  • Approved Protocols
  • Minutes of IACUC meetings
  • Assurance Statement
  • Animal Care Program reviews
  • Facility inspection reports

11
Why do Universities need IACUCs?
  • Laws, Regulations, and Policies
  • These committees were established in accordance
    with the Animal Welfare Act (1966, 1970) and the
    1976, 1985, and 1990 AWA Amendments
  • Mice, Rats, and Birds were originally excluded
    from the act
  • 1999 a petition was filed with the USDA Secretary
    of Agriculture to remove this exclusion
  • The Helms amendment to the 2002 Agriculture Bill
    specifically exempts Mice, Rats and Birds

12
However..
  • Institutions can establish policies requiring all
    vertebrate animal use subject to IACUC review
    and approval.
  • This is the case at NCSU.

13
What can happen if an institution is found to be
out of compliance with federal regulations?
  • Federal funding (USDA, NIH, PHS, etc.) could be
    withdrawn from an institution found to be
    noncompliant with the AWA and federal
    regulations. The Animal Welfare Assurance
    Statement that NCSU has on file with OLAW assures
    the federal government that NCSU will comply with
    the AWA and all federal regulations.

14
Oversight of Animal Use - From the Top
  • AWA administered by USDA-APHIS
  • Regulations
  • Policies
  • Conducts annual inspections
  • PHS (OLAW)
  • Animal Welfare Assurance Statements
  • AAALAC for accredited institutions (Optional)

15
down to NCSU
  • Chancellor (our Institutional Official)
  • Relies on the IACUC reports
  • Vice Chancellor for Research
  • Provides feedback to the chancellor
  • IACUC
  • Reviews and approves, or disapproves proposed
    animal use
  • monitors conditions of animal housing and use
    areas through facility inspections
  • conducts semiannual program reviews reports to
    the Institutional Official

16
What members are required for the IACUC?
  • PHS policy states that IACUCs must consist of no
    less than 5 members, including
  • A veterinarian
  • A practicing scientist experienced in animal
    research
  • A member whose primary concerns are in a
    nonscientific area
  • A member who is not affiliated with the
    institution outside of IACUC membership and is
    not a member of the family of an IACUC member
  • One individual may fulfill more than one
    requirement

17
Whos on the IACUC at NCSU?
  • Associate Vice Chancellor, Research
    Administration (non-voting)
  • Associate Vice Chancellor, Environmental Health
    and Public Safety (non-voting)
  • IACUC Administrative Officer/Coordinator
  • The University Director of Animal Resources
  • The Assistant Director of Animal Resources
  • Director, Biological Resources Facility
  • 13 faculty members from CVM and CALS (animal
    users and non-animal users)
  • 1 unaffiliated, nonscientist member from our
    local community

18
How do we do it?
  • Interpretation and utilization of the regulations
    and guidelines
  • Defining Pain and Distress
  • Implementation of Institutional policies
  • Linkages within the Institution
  • Accepted Animal Care Guidelines

19
IACUC Considerations for Animal Use
  • What is the Rationale for using Animals
  • Appropriateness of the Species
  • For Category of use D and E
  • Required Search for Alternatives
  • Consideration of the Three Rs
  • Replacement
  • Reduction
  • Refinement
  • Literature Search
  • Other information services
  • Search methods used
  • Summarize and justify findings

20
Accepted Reference Guides for Animal Care and Use
  • Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
    (National Academy Press, 1996)
  • Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural
    Animals in Agricultural Research and Teaching
    (FASS, 1999)
  • AVMA Panel Report on Euthanasia (American
    Veterinary Medical Association, 2000)

21
Linkages within the Institution
  • Environmental Health and Safety
  • Hazardous Materials
  • Radiation Safety
  • Biosafety
  • Biological Resources Facility
  • University Animal Resources
  • Research and Teaching Units

22
Questions
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