Challenges in developing fuel quality roadmaps in countries with advanced roadmaps :


1
Challenges in developing fuel quality roadmaps in
countries with advanced roadmaps The case of
Thailand
Ms.Mingquan Wichayarangsaridh Director of
Air Quality and Noise Management BureauPollution
Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources
and Environment mingquan.b_at_pcd.go.th
2
Current State and Trends of the Air Quality
TSP
Annual Standard 50 ug/m3
PM10
Annual Standard 0.1 mg/m3
100
12
Roadside PM10
Visibility
10
80
)
8
3
60
g/m
Visibility (km)
6
Visibility
40
PM-10 (
4
Ambient PM10
20
2
Roadside PM10
Ambient PM10
Visibility
0
0
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
3
Current State and Trends of the Air Quality
O3
CO
NO2
SO2
4
Fuel Consumption New Vehicle Registered in BKK
5
Fuel Consumption in Thailand
Diesel
Gasoline
Regional
Regional
BKK
BKK
Gasohol
Biodiesel
Regional
Regional
BKK
BKK
6
Elements of a ComprehensiveVehicle Pollution
Control Strategy
Better Air Quality
Clean Vehicle Technologies
Low Emissions
Clean Fuels
Appropriate Maintenance
Transport Land use Planning
7
Motivation For Fuel Quality Improvement
Improvedfuel qualities
Improvedair quality
Environmental benefits
Reducedemissions

• Carbon monoxide (CO)
• Hydrocarbons (HC)
• Nitrogen oxides (NOX)
• Particulate matter (PM)
• Sulfur (SO2)
• Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)
• Greenhouse Gases
• Air Toxic

• Improved human health
• Reduced corrosion
• Improved crop yield
• Less acidification eutrophication and forest
  damage
• Climate Change

• Gasoline
• Diesel

8
Clean Fuels

• Gasoline Reformulation
• Lead Content
• Oxygen Content
• Benzene and Aromatic Contents
• Sulfur Content
• Diesel Reformulation
• 90 Volume Distilled Temperature
• Sulfur Content

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Gasoline Reformulation Lead Oxygen
10
Blood Pb Levels in Traffic Policemen in Bangkok
during 1995 - 2000
Completely Phase-out Leaded Gasoline at the end
of 1995
Pb
No Data
Blood Pb Levels in School Children in Bangkok
during 1993 and 2000
Percentage of School Children with Blood Pb
Levels 10 mg/dl
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Gasoline Reformulation
Aromatic
Benzene
Gasoline
Gasohol
Gasohol
Gasoline
Sulfur
EURO 4
2010 propose
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Diesel Reformulation
Sulfur Reduction
EURO 3
EURO 4
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Sulfur is the next Lead !!!
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Sulfur in Fuels Required by Euro Emission
Standards
Low Sulfur Levels Are Key To Tighter New Vehicle
Standards
15
Vehicle Emission (and fuel standards) in Asia
a Entire country b Delhi and other cities Euro 2
introduced in Mumbai Kolkata and Chennai in
2001 Euro 2 in Bangalore Hyderabad Khampur
Pune and Ahmedabad in 2003 Euro 3 to be
introduced in Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Chennai
Bangalore Hyderabad and Ahmedabad in 2005
C Beijing and Shanghai d Gasoline vehicles under
consideration e for gasoline vehicles f for
diesel vehicles
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Gasoline Sulphur Level TrendCurrent and Expected
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Diesel Fuel Specifications Around The World
18
Alternative Fuel
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Biodiesel Roadmap
B100 B20 reduce PM for 55 and18
(National Renewable Energy Laboratory USA)
Goal B10 in 2012 (8.5 ML/day)
Export
Palm Plantation 10 M-Rai RD Palm and Others
05
11
12
07
08
09
10
06
Biodiesel
0.002
0.15
0.5
0.5
0.86
2.25
4.93
9 ML/d
Community Based Agriculture
Phase II NE North Central
Phase I BMR South
Phase III over country
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Road Map of NGV

• Present Status (May 1406)
• Total Number of NGV in Thailand 12209 vehicles
• Gasoline vehicle 11070 vehicles
• Diesel vehicle 1136 vehicles
• OEM NGV 3 vehicles
• 2. NGV Refueling Station 62 stations
• 3. Domestic sales 7.05 MMSCFD

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Target

• Target year 2008
• Gasoline replacement 10 Vehicle 139000 vehicles
• Diesel replacement 13
• Vehicle 161000 vehicles
• NGV refueling station 420 station

• Target year 2010
• Gasoline replacement 16 Vehicle 219000 vehicles
• Diesel replacement 23
• Vehicle 281500 vehicles
• NGV refueling station 740 station

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• Within Year 2006 the CNG refueling station will
  be 160 stations following the highway road whole
  of Thailand.

2006
2010
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Target of increasing CNG refueling station
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Gasohol Fuel Road Map

• In year 2006 Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE)
  in gasoline octane 95 will be replaced by ethanol
  1000000 L/day.
• In year 2011 ethanol should be used 3000000
  L/day.
• MTBE in gasoline octane 95 will be ban and
  replacement by ethanol 10 percent by volume.
• Gasoline octane 91 will mix with ethanol 10
  percent by volume.

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Gasohol Policy and Planning
04
08
09
10
11
07
05
06
Phase I MTBE replacement
Phase II Gasohol Mandate
Ethanol used 1000000 L/day
Ethanol used 3000000 L/day
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Challenges Ahead

• Improving air quality management VS Fuel
  Reformulation
• Local national and international cooperation
  more involvement from relating organisations is
  needed
• From stretegy to real-world implementation
• Strategies need to be accompanied by sustainable
  incentive packages
• Action taken to tackle air pollution could also
  compensate benefits to all sections

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Thank you for your Attention