Water Resources Management under Global and Climate Change in Yellow River Basin: Science and Research Perspective

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Water Resources Management under Global and
Climate Change in Yellow River Basin Science and
Research Perspective Liu Changming
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural
resources Research, CAS, Beijing College of
Resource and Environment, Beijing Normal
University, Beijing
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 The Location Of YRB
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Introduction
Length 5,464 kmDrainage area 742,443 km2
Basin Area 800,000 km2 Farm land 12.6 million
ha.Population 107 million Urban population
making up about 24 .Water Resources 71.9
billion m3 including groundwater of 13.9 billion
m3 / a.Hyper-concentrated sediment load1.6
billion tones / a.
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Main ProblemsIn the Yellow River Basin
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Headwater ??????? MODIS??01-04-14
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Problems in upper headwaters

• Major problems
• Shrinking of lakes at headwaters
• Drying up main channels
• Degradation of grass lands

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Middle Loess ???? MODIS??01-04-13
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Problems in middle Loess

• Major problems
• Soil erosion
• Deforestation
• Desertification
• Storm-water flooding

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Soil Erosion in Middle Yellow River
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Reduction of water inflow is the crux now
plaguing the Yellow River.
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Lower estuary ?????? MODIS??01-04-14
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Problems in lower reaches

• Major problems
• Drying up of main courses
• Sedimentation
• Suspending of river channel
• Wetland ecology
• Flooding threat as dike breaching

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Drying Up the River Courses
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A Discussion On Water Resources and Climate
Change
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The Rivers are Generated by Climate - Said By A
Russian Scientist in Early 1900s
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Plan of Yellow River Basin
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Variation of Evaporatranspiration (1982-1999)
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Variation of Precipitation in the Last Five
Decades
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Variation of Natural Runoff in the Last Five
Decades
Average annual Runoff57.7 Billion m3
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Variation of Surface Runoff in the Last Five
Decades
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Variation of Baseflow in the Last Five Decades
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Brief Summary

• General trend is more dry year events happening
  since 15th century, particularly in last 3
  decades
• The river baseflow has decreased since
  mid-1960s, it means expending mining groundwater
  in the basin
• Change in the natural runoff resulted from dry
  climate

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Brief Summary

• Relations among water, precipitation and
  temperature are nonlinear
• Hydrological regime responses to climatic change
  is variable in space, especially in a big river
  basin. It identified by Yellow River study
• Human activities impact on water flow increases
  with time, from 1950s to 1990s.

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human impacts
Withdrawing capacity gt DischargeAverage annual
flow 1840 cmsWithdrawing capacity 6000
cmsthat capacity in lower reaches makes up 2/3
in lower river reaches
4000 cms
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human impacts
Installed Water Withdrawal Capacity
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human impacts
Stress of Population Growth on the Yellow
River Basin ? Residents have reached 143 / km2
at present (1998)? Residents estimated to be
above 173 / km2 in year 2030 ? More population
now distributes along lower Yellow river and
consumes more and more water
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human impacts
The intensified human activities have
infringed the original circulation of natural
water and brought in remarkable changes to it,
triggering acute tension in the normal supply of
water resources in the Valley.
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human impacts
River Water Pollution
Pollution with black color
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Research Significance A great challenge
Historically, as importance, the Yellow River is
the mother river of the Chinese nation. Now it
serves as one of the main theatres for the
on-going national campaign to develop Chinas
western hinterland. The study has becomes the
critical issue and strategic requirement of the
nation.
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National Key Projects for Science Research
Program 973 G19990436
Research Assignment
Evolving Law and Maintaining Renewable Mechanism
of Water Resources in the Yellow River Basin
Yellow River Headwaters
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Eight research sub-projects

• 1. Dynamic mechanism and modeling of the Valleys
  hydrological cycle
• 2. Evolutionary law and duality evolutionary
  model for the water resources
• 3. the fluvial functions and the transformation
  structure of the water resources in the Rivers
  lower reaches
• 4. Change in relationships between water
  discharge and sediment and its complex responses

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Eight research sub-projects

• 5. Renewability of the water resources and its
  evaluation criterions
• 6. Change in the renewability of the YRs
  underground water
• 7. Feasible approaches for keeping the water
  resources renewability
• 8. Multi-dimensional model for critical
  regulation of the YRs water resources.

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The project is in combining the Digital Yellow
River tasks set for the program spearheaded by
the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC).
Middle Yellow Gorges
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DIGITAL YELLOW RIVERPLANNED FOR
MANAGEMENTENCOURAGED BY G. LI,YRCC (???)
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Digital Yellow River Study Flood Control

• Flood disaster reduction Rainstorm
  forecastFlood forecastFlood-water routing
• Conjunctive operation of engineering
  structuresFlood prevention scheduling.
• Storm-water forecasting and warning systems of
  Xiao-Hua section as first phase to implement the
  digital Yellow River

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River Regulation
Digital Yellow River Study

• Low flow forecasting
• Ecological simulation of estuary
• Real time water allocation
• Automatically monitoring water gates
• Groundwater observation systems

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Water Quality Control
Digital Yellow River Study

• Entrance of main tributaries
• Trans-boundary sections of provinces
• Pollutant diffusion / transmission
• Water quality and pollution modeling and
  forecasting

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Water loss soil erosion control
Digital Yellow River Study

• Remote sensed data application to water loss
  soil erosion
• Land and water management action monitoring
• GIS supporting system for assessment of Land and
  water management

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Hydro-engineering operation and management
Digital Yellow River Study

• Operation systems for key structures and
  embankment systems
• Remote visual technology
• Seepage monitoring by optical-cable-
  transformation
• Real-time information processing

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Artificial Flooding Released by Xiaoliangdi
Reservoir for Washing downstream Sediments
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General StrategyA Philosophy
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One target Two principlesThree key measures
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One Target is Sustainable use of water to trust
Zero Growth of Water Demand
Water consumption in the US
Water consumption in Japan
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Two principles are Adaptation and Harmony

• To adapt climate change for mitigating
  its impacts
• - To formulate harmonious development of water
  resources and human activities

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Three Key Measures are- Enhancing water saving
- Controlling contamination -
Resourcefulness of waters including water
transfers
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Science and ProspectiveIncorperating IGBP II
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Incorperation with IGBP-II
JWP and DWC
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Science and Prospective Research on Yellow
River- Water cycle and interactions- Mechanism
of Renewability -
Hydrol. ditributed modeling Trust Hydrology
of Arid Regions - Water
resource modeling based on climatic and
anthropogenic factors
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Thank you for questions and Comments