Jack human modeling and simulation

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Jack human modeling and simulation
Ron Burnette
COSC471 / Schmitt
March 15, 2007
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Abstract

• The Jack application is used to model a 3-D human
  figure, place that figure in a 3-D environment
  and then manipulate the figure in real time.
• Jack Improves the ergonomics and human factors of
  product designs, manufacturing processes, and
  maintenance procedures.
• Jack was originally developed at the University
  of Pennsylvania's Center for Human Modeling and
  Simulation, and has been commercially developed
  by UGS Tecnomatix since 1996.
• Used by government agencies and Fortune 500
  companies. Customers include Boeing, Lockheed
  Martin, GE, GM, NASA, and McDonnell-Douglas

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Outline

• Introduction
• Using Jack
• Step 1 Build a virtual environment
• Step 2 Create a virtual human
• Step 3 Define your humans size and shape
• Step 4 Position the human in your environment
• Step 5 Assign your human tasks
• Step 6 Analyze how your human performs
• Why Use Jack?
• API
• System Requirements
• Conclusion

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Introduction

• The Jack human modeling and simulation tool helps
  organizations in various industries improve the
  ergonomics of product designs and refine
  workplace tasks
• Jack and its optional toolkits bring
  human-centered design tools to your virtual
  environments for comprehensive analysis of the
  human factors of your new designs before any
  physical prototypes are built.
• The Jack (and Jill) human models can be sized to
  represent your user populations, and allow
  engineers to evaluate their concept designs in
  terms of human performance, including reach,
  vision, injury risk, fatigue, comfort and other
  important ergonomics information.

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Introduction

• The Jack model contains almost all the essential
  human skeletal joints and it can be scaled to
  different body sizes based on population data.
• The figure can be manipulated so that it moves in
  several directions simultaneously For example,
  it can grip a moving steering wheel with both
  hands while sitting in a car, looking out the
  rear-view window and pressing the floor pedals
  with its feet.
• Jack can walk and turn naturally, grasp objects,
  and follow objects with his eyes. He can even
  tell you if the load he is carrying exceeds NIOSH
  guidelines or his strength limits.

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Introduction

• The roots of most modern human animation Inverse
  kinematics systems can be traced to the research
  and development done for the Jack system. Some of
  these animation systems include the
  Alias-Wavefront Maya software system and the in
  house animation systems used by Industrial Light
  Magic.
• Utilities from OpenGL Optimizer and Decimate
  dramatically reduce the number polygons in a
  model without compromising the visual fidelity
  required for realistic simulations.
• Inverse kinematics - The process of determining
  the parameters of a jointed flexible object (a
  kinematic chain) in order to achieve a desired
  pose. For example, with a 3D model of a human
  body, what are the required wrist and elbow
  angles to move the hand from a resting to a
  waving position.

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Using Jack

• Step 1 Build a virtual environment
• Step 2 Create a virtual human
• Step 3 Analyze how your human performs
• Step 4 Position the human in your environment
• Step 5 Assign your human tasks
• Step 6 Analyze how your human performs

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Step 1 Build a virtual environment

• In addition to its strength as a human modeler,
  Jack is a powerful interactive, real-time visual
  simulation solution.
• You can import CAD data or build models from
  scratch with the software, move objects around in
  the environment, interactively change camera
  views and create special effects to enhance the
  realism of your scene.
• Jack's viewing, texture mapping and lighting
  capabilities help you give your virtual
  environment a more convincing appearance.
• Changing the view in Jack is easy the mouse
  buttons enable you to swing the "camera"
  horizontally or vertically and to zoom in on a
  reference point

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Step 2 Create a virtual human

• Jack provides the industry's most biomechanically
  accurate human models
• Based on body dimension measurements taken from
  the 1988 Anthropometric Survey of U.S. Army
  Personnel (ANSUR 88)
• Jack human figures
• have 69 segments, 68 joints, a 17-segment spine,
  16-segment hands, coupled shoulder/clavicle
  joints and 135 degrees of freedom
• obey joint limits derived from NASA studies
  (Anthropometric Source Book, Vol. 2 A Handbook
  of Anthropometric Data, Technical Report NASA
  RP-1024)
• can be represented as stick figures, wire frame,
  shaded, high-resolution or transparent model

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Step 2 Create a virtual human

• Jack enables you to create various types of
  humans. You can choose from a menu of the
  following predefined human figures
• Large, medium and small humans, as defined by SAE
  measurements -- based on SAE recommended human
  physical dimensions (SAE J833)
• Short and tall man and woman - human figure
  extremes based on ANSUR 88 data
• Large, medium and small Japanese humans - based
  on recognized Japanese body size data
• High resolution man and woman - detailed
  representations of 50th percentile males and
  females, as defined by ANSUR 88

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Step 3 Define your humans size and shape

• For human simulation software to reliably
  determine whether a design accommodates the
  variability among human body dimensions, it must
  employ a correct approach to human figure
  scaling.
• Jack uses three approaches to anthropometric
  scaling. You can
• Choose body types from a boundary manikin set of
  77 figures that represent a range of sizes for 11
  body dimensions taken from the ANSUR 88 database
• Construct figures by specifying the extreme
  dimensions for a segment of interest, such as
  shoulder breadth, sitting height, etc an
  algorithm then proportions the remaining figure
  dimensions automatically
• Scale figures by specifying stature and weight
  remaining dimensions are automatically generated
  using statistical models based on the ANSUR 88
  database.

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Step 4 Position the human in your environment

• Jack allows you to manipulate individual body
  segments connected by joints that obey angle
  limits derived from NASA studies.
• Example When you move a figure's hand, the upper
  and lower arm segments and related joints move
  like you would expect a human body to move.
• Jack allows you to describe the posture of your
  virtual human by directly manipulating body
  joints or by choosing from a library of 30
  predefined postures.
• You can manipulate a Jack virtual human by moving
  its head, eyes, shoulders, torso, center of mass,
  pelvis, arms, feet or its entire body.

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Step 5 Assign your human tasks

• Jack can be evaluated in a static position (What
  can he see while reaching for a given control? Do
  different-sized figures have the same field of
  view?), or by his movements. (Can Jack reach
  around an obstacle to remove or replace a part?)
• Jack enables you to define the movements with its
  built-in motion system and its interface to VR
  tools.
• Save and replay simulations, swapping in
  different-sized virtual humans to perform the
  same tasks.
• Adjust the size or position of various objects in
  the environment and re-run the simulation to
  study changed spatial relationships, timing and
  clearances.

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Step 6 Analyze how your human performs

• See what Jack can see -- Jack offers several
  features for evaluating visibility. You can
• Create Eye Windows to see from Jack's point of
  view
• Create View Cones to illustrate a 'third-person"
  perspective of what Jack sees
• Measure distances between Jack's eyes and any
  object
• Set Jack's head/eye control to track an object's
  movement
• Evaluate what Jack can reach -- Jack's reach
  analysis capabilities enable you to
• Determine whether a human figure can reach a
  target object
• Measure the distance between Jack's hand and any
  object
• Create and position reach envelopes to
  graphically display what large, medium and small
  SAE-defined humans can reach
• Export reach envelopes to your CAD system to
  serve as design boundaries

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Step 6 Analyze how your human performs

• Test fit and accommodation -- Jack helps you to
  determine whether your design accommodates
  various-sized humans. You can
• Position one virtual human, then use that posture
  to test a range of different-sized humans
• Interactively measure distances between any two
  points in the environment as their relative
  positions change this helps quantify the extent
  to which a design accommodates your target
  population
• Highlight collisions in real-time between human
  figures and objects as objects move
• Calculate human force and torque -- Jack enables
  you to compute the forces on a human figure's
  joints and segments in a given posture.

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Why Use Jack?

• Shorter design time
• Lower development costs
• Improved Quality
• Increased productivity
• Enhanced Safety

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API
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API
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System Requirements
Jack is a stand-alone software package that runs
on any of three platforms
Windows SGI HP OS Version
2000/XP IRIX-6.5.x HPUX 11.x or
higher Minimum Processor 300MHz O2
R1000 C180 Memory 128 MB 256 MB
256 MB Disk Space 175 MB 200 MB
200 MB Resolution 1024 x 768 1024 x
768 1024 x 768 Recommended Processor
2.2GHz Octane level machine B2600 Memory
512 MB 1 GB 1 GB Disk Space 175 MB
200 MB 200 MB Resolution 1024 x 768
1024 x 768 1024 x 768
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Conclusion

• Jack is a comprehensive, accurate, and practical
  tool for companies to improve productivity,
  profitability and safety.
• By using Jack, product design time can be
  shortened, while at the same time improving
  quality.
• Demo http//www.ugs.com/products/tecnomatix/inte
  ractive/main.html

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References

• http//www.arts.arizona.edu/buildingbetterhumans/v
  h_2.html
• http//www.ugs.com/products/tecnomatix/docs/fs_tec
  nomatix_jack.pdf
• http//www.ugs.com/products/tecnomatix/human_perfo
  rmance/jack/digital_humans.shtml
• http//www.cis.upenn.edu/hms/
• http//www.upenn.edu/computing/printout/archive/v1
  2/4/jack.html
• http//www.dtic.mil/dticasd/ddsm/srch/ddsm0184.htm
  l
• http//kaufthal.com/portfolio/jack.htm
• http//www.ugs.com/products/tecnomatix/human_perfo
  rmance/jack/classic_jack.shtmlanalyze
• http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_28human_modelin
  g29
• http//www.ugs.com/products/tecnomatix/interactive
  /main.html
• http//www.motionanalysis.com/applications/industr
  ial/virtualdesign/jack.html

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• Questions?