Maritime Security Planning: Security Beyond The Container. Major Shipping Areas That Are Not Contain

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Maritime Security Planning Security Beyond The
Container. Major Shipping Areas That Are Not
Containerized Maritime Piracy and Protection of
Offshore Petroleum and Gas Facilities

• Ed Badolato
• Executive VP Homeland Security
• The Shaw Group
• IDGA
• Long Beach CA
• 26 May 2004

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Major Non-Containerized Shipping Programs

• Tankers
• Pirates
• Offshore Platforms

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Improving Security of the Tanker Fleet
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U.S. Coast Guard Initiatives

• Identified high interest vessels and prioritized
  critical infrastructure
• Established Maritime Security (MARSEC) levels
• Increased the Advanced Notice of Arrival
  Information (NOA) time for commercial vessels
  arriving from foreign ports from 24 to 96 hours
• Instituted a Sea Marshal program for high-risk
  ports

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HIGH INTEREST VESSELS
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Maritime Security (MARSEC)
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Oil Tanker Choke Points

• Strait of Hormuz
• Strait of Malacca
• Bab el-Mandab
• Bosporus/Turkish Straits
• Panama Canal and Trans-Panama Pipeline
• Russian Oil and Gas Export Pipelines/Ports
• Suez Canal and SUMED Pipeline

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Irans Missile Boats in Hormuz

• Oil Tanker Interdiction Strategy
• New Chinese C-14 high speed catamaran Patrol
  Boats with 8 C-701 anti ship cruise missiles
• 1995 40 Hudong Chinese fast attack missile boats
  with 80 C-802 missiles Jan 02 short range
  missile shipment

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Staying Ahead of Terrorist High Tech Initiatives
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USS Cole Limburg
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USS Cole and the MT Limburg Attacks.

• The asymmetric threat--using a small 1000 boats
  to destroy a large costly ships
• Increasing the scope of risks facing the oil
  lifeline
• Maritime insurers immediately tripled the
  premiums they charged tankers passing through
  Yemeni waters

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Limburg

• The al Qaeda network was suspected in the Limburg
  attack.
• The allies of the United States would pay a
  heavy bill from their blood and interests and
  the Limburg mission was to supply the 5th Fleet
  based in Bahrain for striking the brothers in
  Iraq.
• --The Yemen based Aden-Abyan Islamic Group that
  claimed responsibility for the attack

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Sea Marshal Program
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Industry Security-Related Programs

• Energy Information Sharing and Analysis Center
  (ISAC)
• National Infrastructure Protection Center (NPIC)
• National Petroleum Council (NPC)
• American Petroleum Institute
• Site Security Guidelines for the US Chemical
  Industry
• American Chemistry Council
• Chlorine Institute
• Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing
  Association

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TANKER PRECAUTIONARY SECURITY MEASURES

• Assign ships Physical Security officer
• Develop and exercise the ships security plan
• While in port and within threat areas
• increase roving deck patrol frequency.
• Secure all restricted spaces and unsupervised
  access points onboard the ship Ensure night
  illumination to ship bows sides and quarters. 
• During radio contact with port officials
  ascertain small boat operations near and around
  the vessel
• Establish radio contact and verify business of
  nearby small boats
• In high-threat areas or during passage of
  confined waters. 
• Consider daylight passage
• Have fire/water hoses laid out and maintained
  under pressure with nozzles ready in high threat
  areas.
• ISLP Requirements

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Ferry Attack

• Fire raced through the R.P. Superferry 14 on
  Friday (27 Feb 2004) shortly after it left Manila
  for central and southern islands killing one
  person and injuring 12 others. Subsequent reports
  indicated that at least 180 others were missing
  following the incident. Witnesses reported a
  powerful explosion that sparked an inferno on the
  ferry.

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Maritime Piracy
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Piracy

• An act of boarding or attempting to board any
  ship with the intent to commit theft or any other
  crime and with the intent or capability to use
  force in the furtherance of that act.
• the IMB

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Major terrorist groups in Southeast Asia

• Terrorist groups are active in four countries
  Indonesia Malaysia Thailand and the
  Philippines.
• Jemaah Islamiah (JI)
• Laskar Jihad (LJ)
• Islamic Defenders Front (FPI)
• Abu Sayyaf (Bearer of the Sword)
• The Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF)
• The New Peoples Army (NPA)

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Increase in Piracy

• Attacks rose by 57 in early 2004 and 8 ships
  were hijacked
• 165 actual and attempted pirate attacks and
  incidents were recorded throughout the world
• 72 seafarers killed and 99 injured in Year 2000.
• Ships were boarded in 307 instances in 2001
• Asian waters continued to be the most
  treacherous with 61 of the attacks taking place
  in just five locales Indonesia Malacca Straits
  Malaysia Bangladesh and India.
• The International Maritime Bureaus Piracy
  Reporting Center

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2002 Attacks by Vessel Type

• Tankers 25
• Cargo Vessels 23
• Fishing Vessels 16
• Bulk Carriers 13
• Coastal Vessels 12
• Container Ships 11
• For detailed attack information see
• http//marisec.org/piracy/reported20attacks.htm

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Four Categories of Piracy

• Petty Theft and Robbery (Petty thefts are
  excluded from IMB reporting unless the thieves
  are armed.)
• Armed Robbery
• Hi-jacking of Cargo
• Hi-jacking of Ships (to ransom the vessel itself
  and/or its crew/passengers)

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Todays Modern Pirates

• Sophisticated syndicates
• Target shipping ships and cargoes.
• Gather pre-attack intelligence conduct
  surveillance and subvert people.
• Steal ships and reflag using them either for
  their own purposes or to sell.

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Five steps to put a phantom ship to work
Repaint Rename Reregister

• Pirate insiders look for Shipping Agent with a
  nearly expired LOC.
• Offer services of their ship
• Illegally obtain registration certificatea new
  official identity
• The ship is loaded and the shipper receives a
  bill of lading
• Pirates sail to destination different from BOL
  unload and sell cargo change registration start
  over

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MARITIME PIRACY AND TERRORISM

• Terrorist attacks against maritime targets take
  place in areas where piracy is also rife--Yemen
  and the Philippines.
• Common denominators are
• Geography that yields advantages to attackers
• Insufficient maritime law enforcement
  capabilities
• Environment of lawlessness
• Maritime equivalent of a liberated zone

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Piracy-related Crime

• Theft
• Extortion
• Human Smuggling
• Narco-terrorism
• Arms Smuggling

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Precautions Against Insiders

• The majority of employees like most of society
  are honest but experience has shown that the
  possibility of insider involvement in piracy
  cant be ignored.
• PRECAUTIONS
• Security
• Legal
• Medical
• Employee Groups

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Improving Defense Against Catastrophic Threats
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Offshore Platforms Facilities
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Protection of Offshore Facilities

• Protection of Oil Platforms and Key Facilities
• Principally diver/swimmer/SDV detection stealthy
  surface vessels
• Terrorists Threats

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Off Shore Threats Terrorists Saboteurs and
Environmental Extremists Using Surface Craft
Diving Gear or Small Submarines
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Suspicious Diver Incidents

• A recent FBI bulletin sent to state and local law
  enforcement agencies warned that various
  terrorist elements have sought to develop an
  offensive scuba diver capability.
• 1. A diver found dead in the Hudson River near
  the Indian Point nuclear power plant (24 Feb
  2004)
• 2. A diver found dead off John U. Lloyd State
  Park in Dania Beach FL Feb 2004
• 3. A diver seen by a USCG sentry near a 47-foot
  patrol boat moored at the Sand Island base in
  Honolulu Harbor (29 Feb 2004)

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Port Suicide Bombers March 04

• Ashdod port attack
• Two teenage suicide bombers from Gaza
• Killed 10 people

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Protection of offshore oil and gas platforms
poses unique challenges

• Many are unattended or have no security force
• Require surveillance systems lethal and
  non-lethal weapons systems to detect and defend
  against a variety of threats

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Detection and Tracking of Offshore Threats

• Surface and subsurface
• Exclusion zones and auto alerting
• Contact data transmitted to command center
• Principally surface vessels mini subs Gunboats
  in deeper water

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Monitoring Surveillance Systems

• Pierside/platform diver protection systems
• Coastal port diver protection systems
• Generic Offshore Platforms monitoring undersea
  protection systems
• Undersea arrays tripwire systems

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Typical Offshore Platform Security Systems

• Surface radars to automatically detect and track
  surface craft.
• Video and infrared (IR) linked to radar tracks to
  view intruders detected by radar.
• Underwater sonar to detect divers and submarines
• A command and control system that displays images
  and data from radar cameras and sonar for
  observers on the platform or on shore

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Harbor Surveillance

• High performance surface search Radar
• CCTV and Infrared cameras (Thermal and Visual
  Imaging Systems)
• Passive Acoustic/magnetic Tripwires
• Diver detection sonar (high frequency active)

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Harbor Protection
Loading Pier
Iraq Oil Loading Anchorage
Abu Dhabi Harbor
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Indigenous Threats

• Dhows

• Fishing Boats

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Contact Info

• Edward Badolato
• Executive VP of Homeland Security
• edward.badolato_at_shawgrp.com
• www.shawgrp.com
• The Shaw Group
• 1717 Pennsylvania Ave. 9th Fl.
• Washington DC 20006
• Phone [phone]
• Fax [phone]
• Cell 703.927.3965