Richard H. Hagemeyer

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Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning
Center Seismic and Sea Level Monitoring and
Analysis Procedures
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• HISTORY
• U.S. TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER (PTWC) ESTABLISHED IN
  1949 ...AFTER THE 1946 TSUNAMI
• IOC TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM IN THE PACIFIC AND ITS
  ICG FORMED IN 1965 ...AFTER THE 1960 TSUNAMI AND
  U.S. CONTRIBUTED PTWC AS ITS OPERATIONAL CENTER
• U.S. ALASKA TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER ESTABLISHED IN
  1969 ...AFTER THE 1964 TSUNAMI
• IOC INDIAN OCEAN TSUNAMI WARNING SYSTEM
  ESTABLISHED IN 2005 ...AFTER THE 2004 TSUNAMI

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• PTWC Mission
• SAVE LIVES AND REDUCE PROPERTY DAMAGE BY ISSUING
  TIMELY AND EFFECTIVE WARNINGS FOR THE TSUNAMI
  HAZARD
• LOCAL / REGIONAL TSUNAMI WARNING CENTER FOR THE
  STATE OF HAWAII
• U.S. NATIONAL CENTER FOR ALL U.S. INTERESTS IN
  PACIFIC OUTSIDE THE WC/ATWC AOR
• INTERNATIONAL CENTER FOR THE TSUNAMI WARNING
  SYSTEM IN THE PACIFIC (ITSU)
• INTERIM CENTER FOR THE INDIAN OCEAN
• INTERIM CENTER FOR THE CARIBBEAN

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JMA NWPTAC Indian Ocean (Interim)
WC/ATWC AOR
U.S./Canada Atlantic and Gulf Coasts
HAWAII Local, Regional, Distant Tsunamis
Puerto Rico Virgin Islands Caribbean (Interim)
S. China Sea (Interim)
PACIFIC BASIN Regional and Distant Tsunamis
Indian Ocean (Interim)
PTWC Area of Responsibility
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PTWC PLANNED STAFFING
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• Overview of PTWC Activities
• Respond to Alarms
• Respond to Readiness Problems
• Communications Links
• Data Sources (e.g., NEIC, HVO, WC/ATWC)
• Hardware
• Software
• Research
• Internal Research to Improve Operations
• Monitor Applicable External Research
• Develop and Implement New Procedures
• Data Streams from Partners
• Seek/Add New Data Streams
• Maintain Existing Data Streams
• Changes in Metadata
• Changes in Formats
• Install/Maintain/Upgrade Field Sites
• Hawaii Seismic and Sea Level Sites

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• Overview of PTWC Activities
• Outreach
• Public
• Media
• Interface with Partners
• NWS (PRH, HFO, AR, WR, SR)
• NOAA (OAR-PMEL, NOS, NESDIS)
• Hawaii Civil Defense
• National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program
• International (IOC, ICG/ITSU, ICG/IOTWS,
  IOCARIBE, WMO)
• WC/ATWC Backup
• Maintain Facilities
• Grounds
• Buildings
• Housing
• Antenna Farm
• Geomagnetics
• Kipapa Seismic Vault

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• Overview of PTWC Activities
• Message Dissemination
• Maintain List of Contact Points
• Communications Tests
• Exercises
• Other Administrative Tasks

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GEO MAG
185-ACRE GEOMAGNETIC BUFFER ZONE
GEO MAG
GEO MAG
PTWC SITE MAP
SEISMIC VAULT
AWIPS
HIPS
ANTENNA FARM
E.T. SHOP
TRAILER
QUARTERS 1
QUARTERS 2
QUARTERS 5
QUARTERS 3
QUARTERS 4
MAIN OFFICE
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• PTWC KEY OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES
• SEISMIC DATA COLLECTION ANALYSES
• SEA LEVEL MEASUREMENTS
• DECISION-MAKING PROCESSES
• MESSAGE CREATION DISSEMINATION

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• KEY OPERATIONAL GOALS
• FASTER
• MORE ACCURATE
• MORE RELIABLE
• MORE EFFECTIVE

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PTWC PACIFIC BULLETIN CRITERIA
Mw less than 6.5 (Mw Moment Magnitude) Earthquake Message Only
Mw 6.5 to 7.5 Tsunami Information Bulletin
Mw 7.6 to 7.8 Regional Tsunami Warning
Mw gt 7.8 Expanding Warning / Watch
Confirmed Teletsunami Pacific-Wide Warning
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PACIFIC TELETSUNAMI THREAT
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PTWC PACIFIC BULLETIN CRITERIA
Mw less than 6.5 (Mw Moment Magnitude) Earthquake Message Only
Mw 6.5 to 7.5 Tsunami Information Bulletin
Mw 7.6 to 7.8 Regional Tsunami Warning
Mw gt 7.8 Expanding Warning / Watch
Confirmed Teletsunami Pacific-Wide Warning
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Pacific Teletsunami Problem 1-Hr Isochrons
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INTERACTIVE DISPLAY AND MEASURE OF SEA LEVEL DATA
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DEEP OCEAN, REAL TIMETSUNAMI REPORTING SYSTEM
The tsunami signal is detected by a pressure
sensor on the ocean floor. That signal is
relayed by acoustic telemetry to the bouy. The
buoy in turn transmits the signal via satellite
back to the warning centers.
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POSSIBLE DART BUOY CONFIGURATION? (32 DARTS)
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HAWAII LOCAL / REGIONAL TSUNAMI THREAT
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HAWAII LOCAL TSUNAMI THREAT REPEAT OF 1868 OR 1975
15 MINUTES TRAVEL TIME
HILO
KONA
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HAWAII REGIONAL TSUNAMI THREAT SOUTHWEST COAST
EVENT
HONOLULU
30 MINUTES TRAVEL TIME
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SOLAR PANEL
TO CELL PHONE NETWORK

• ENCLOSURE WITH
• BATTERY CHARGER
• BATTERY
• ALARM ELECTRONICS
• CELL PHONE

TELEPHONE POLE, TREE, OR OTHER OBJECT
TSUNAMI RUNUP DETECTOR
FLOOD SENSOR
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ALARM COMPANY IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA
CELL PHONE NETWORK
CELL PHONE
40 SECONDS FROM FLOODING TO PTWC NOTIFICATION
RUNUP DETECTOR
TELEPHONE
SENSOR FLOODS
PTWC OPERATIONS
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TEST TSUNAMI RUNUP DETECTOR
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PTWC SEISMIC MONITORING, DETECTION, AND ANALYSIS
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TELESEISMS
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CRESTnet EARTHWORM DATA TRANSFER
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PTWC Teleseismic Stations Monitor
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EARTHWORM DESIGN GOALS

• MODULARITY EASY TO ADD OR CHANGE CAPABILITIES
• SYSTEM INDEPENDENCE NOT PLATFORM OR OS
  DEPENDENT
• SCALABILITY FOR SMALL OR BIG NETWORKS AND
  PROCESSING DEMANDS
• CONNECTIVITY EXCHANGE INFORMATION BETWEEN
  PROCESSES OR ACROSS LAN OR WAN
• ROBUSTNESS FOR MORE DEPENDENT 24X7 OPERATION

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EARTHWORM ARCHITECTURE
MODULE
MESSAGES
IMPORT MODULE
LAN/WAN
MODULE
SHARED MEMORY RING
MODULE
EXPORT MODULE
TRANSPORT LAYER
LAN/WAN
SINGLE PLATFORM (NT OR SOLARIS)
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EARTHWORM ARCHITECTURE
PICK MODULE
IMPORT MODULE
WAVE- FORM RING
LAN/WAN
MAGN MODULE
PICK RING
EXPORT MODULE
HYPS RING
LAN/WAN
ASSOC HYPS MODULE
SINGLE PLATFORM (NT OR SOLARIS)
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P-WAVE TRAVEL TIMES FOR 12/26/04 EARTHQUAKE
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SAMPLE EARTHWORM MODULES (of 49)

• STARTSTOP starts and stops all processes
• ADSEND operates the analog to digital
  conversion
• PICK_EW makes P-wave arrival picks for
  local/regional earthquakes
• BINDER_EW associates picks into events
• EQ_ALARM initiates page or email for events
• IMPORT_GENERIC imports EW parametric data
• IMPORT_SCN imports EW waveforms

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SAMPLE EARTHWORM MESSAGE TYPES (of 23 defined
types)

• ADBUF buffer of data from digitizer
• HEARTBEAT Im alive message
• PICK2 P-wave arrival pick
• TRACEBUF single channle waveform data
• STRONGMOTION peak velocity/acceleration
• H71SUM Hypo71 hypocenter summary
• MAGNITUDE event magnitude
• CODA2 coda information from picker

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IMPORTANT EARTHWORM FEATURES

• FREE AND AVAILABLE OFF OF THE WEB
• http//folkworm.ceri.memphis.edu/ew-doc
• OPEN SOURCE (FREE SOURCE CODE)
• LARGE AND GROWING USER COMMUNITY
• USERS GROUPS FOR PROBLEMS
• USERS GROUP FOR DEVELOPERS
• ANSS STANDARD FOR US SEISMIC NETWORKS

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CONTINUOUS DISPLAY OF SEISMIC TRACES
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AUTOMATIC SOLUTIONS FOR PACIFIC EVENTS INITIAL
LOCATION IN 3 - 8 MIN
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SEISMIC TRACES IN ORDER OF ARRIVAL FOR MANUAL
PICKING
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DISPLAY FOR MANUAL PICKING OF SEISMIC TRACES
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INTERACTIVE TOOL TO REFINE SOLUTION INCLUDING
DEPTH
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Mwp Moment Magnitude from the P Wave
Seconds
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• OTHER SEISMIC ANALYSIS FOR EVALUATION OF
  TSUNAMIGENIC POTENTIAL
• SOURCE MECHANISM.
• CENTROID MOMENT TENSOR.
• SLIP DISTRIBUTION.
• SOURCE-TIME FUNCTION.

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Sumatra Earthquake
Mw 9.3
Rupture Length 1200km
Source Duration 500s
Rupture propagated South To North
gt Generated Basin wide Destructive tsunami
that killed gt 290,000 people
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Slip Distribution of 12/26/05 Earthquake (USGS)
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FK Azimuth variation with time Indicates Rupture
Extent

• North-to-south rupture, inferred from aftershock
  location relative to the main-shock.
• Azimuth of the T-phase varies from south to
  north, consistent with the probable rupture.
• By 0140, the size of the fault rupture (gt 1000
  km) could be known using the T-Phase Azimuth.

The white line is the azimuth propagating out
from Diego Garcia. The red star is the
main-shock hypocenter, and the grey dots are
aftershock locations. The plot on the right is
the energy envelope over time from the FK
analysis. The red line is the current time step.
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LOCAL EARTHQUAKES
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PTWC Hawaii Seismic Stations Monitor
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SPLERT System for Processing Local Earthquakes
in Real Time

• DEVELOPED FOR PTWC STARTING IN 1996 BY BARRY
  HIRSHORN
• BASED ON EARTHWORM AND EARLYBIRD
• AUTOMATIC LOCATIONS AND MAGNITUDES IN 10-20
  SECONDS FOR HAWAII
• DATABASE FOR REVIEW AND REVISION (FROM EARLYBIRD)
• DIFFERENT ASSOCIATOR FROM EARTHWORM

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AUTOMATIC SOLUTIONS FOR HAWAII EVENTS INITIAL
LOCATION IN 20 SEC
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THANK YOU