Title: Poverty Among Women Delivering A Live Birth: Assessing Oklahoma's Need Janis E. Campbell, Ph.D. Kell
1Poverty Among Women Delivering A Live Birth
Assessing Oklahoma's NeedJanis E. Campbell,
Ph.D. Kelly M. Baker, MPH Sara R. DePersio, MD,
MPH
2PRAMS Survey Design
- Population-survey of mothers
- 4-6 months after delivery
- Birth certificates are sampled
- Stratified by birthweight
- Systematic random sample selected within each
stratum
3PRAMS Responses
- 7 years of data used in this analysis
- April 1988-March 1995
- 71 overall response rate
- 11,750 mothers
- 9,540 respondents had information on poverty
level (81.2)
4Goals of Analysis
- Examine prevalence of poverty among Oklahoma
women delivering a live birth. - Evaluate various risk factors for living in
poverty and delivering a live birth - Explore implications for public health.
5Oklahoma PRAMS Questions
Q49. a. How many babies, children, or teens who
are 17 years or younger live with you?
b. How many people who are 18 years or older
live with you? Q70. What was your familys
average monthly income, before taxes, when you
became pregnant? Include your income, your
husband or partners income, and any other
income you could use.
6Prevalence of Poverty Oklahoma 1988-1995
32 Poor 40 Non-Poor 185 FPL
28 Near-Poor 100-184 FPL
7Percent of Women Living Below 100 FPL and
Delivering a Live Birth by Race Oklahoma
1988-1995
61.0 (se 3.4)
49.4 (se 2.9)
27.7 (se 0.8)
27.3 (se 6.4)
se Standard Error
8Percent of Women Living Below 100 FPL and
Delivering a Live Birth by Age Oklahoma 1988-1995
60.3 (se 2.5)
41.4 (se 1.5)
25.0 (se 2.7)
22.2 (se 1.3)
17.4 (se 1.5)
se Standard Error
9Percent of Women Living Below 100 FPL and
Delivering a Live Birth by Education Oklahoma
1988-1995
65.5 (se 6.6)
55.4 (se 2.6)
34.4 (se 1.3)
25.1 (se 1.6)
5.71 (se 0.9)
Age 19 or older only
se Standard Error
10Percent of Women Living Below 100 FPL and
Delivering a Live Birth by Marital Status
Oklahoma 1988-1995
70.1 (se 1.8)
22.0 (se 0.8)
se Standard Error
11Source of Income for Women Delivering a Live
Birth and Living Below 100 FPL Oklahoma
1988-1995
12Comparison of Prenatal Care Issues by Poverty
Status Oklahoma 1988-1995
Prenatal Care Issue 184
FPL (se)
Pregnancy confirmed at 14 weeks or later 10.8
(1.0) 2.6 (0.4) Prenatal care began after 1st
Trimester 29.8 (1.4) 7.5 (0.7) Less than
adequate prenatal care (Kessner) 38.2 (1.6) 12.5
(0.9) Wanted earlier prenatal care 30.5
(1.4) 12.8 (0.9) Wanted more prenatal care 13.0
(1.1) 3.1 (3.1)
se Standard Error
13Comparison of Life Events Associated with
Poverty Oklahoma 1988-1995
Life Events 184 FPL (se)
Unintended at conception 61.7 (1.6) 30.5
(1.2) Physically abused by husband or partner
11.0 (1.0) 1.4 (0.3) Homeless 5.6 (0.7) 0.6
(0.2) Someone very close to you had a drug or
alcohol problem 28.9 (1.4) 10.8 (0.8) Very
depressed or very depressed and had to get help
after delivery 32.6 (2.7) 16.8 (1.8)
sestandard error in the 12 months
before delivery
14Poverty and Birth Outcomes Oklahoma 1988-1995
Outcome Percentage Standard Error
Low Birth Weight 100-184 FPL 5.5 (0.2) 185 FPL 4.5
(0.1) Pre-term Delivery (1.1) 100-184 FPL 7.4 (0.7) 185
FPL 7.4 (0.6)
15Location of Prenatal Care for Women Delivering a
Live Birth and Living Below 100 FPL Oklahoma
1988-1995
Location Percent Standard
Error
Private MD/HMO 43.8 (1.6) Hospital 22.9 (1.4) He
alth Department 17.2 (1.2) Indian Health
Services Facility 11.8 (1.0) Other 4.4 (0.7)
16Recommendations
- Further investigation of stresses and risks
associated with poverty and pregnancy. - Increase awareness among health care providers of
the stresses and life events associated with
poverty. - Increase awareness among political leaders of the
stresses and outcomes associated with poverty
during pregnancy.