The Challenges of Freight Distribution in the New York Metropolitan Area: The Role of the Port Autho

1
The Challenges of Freight Distribution in the New
York Metropolitan Area The Role of the Port
Authority

• Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue
• Dept. of Economics Geography
• Hofstra University
• Hempstead, NY
• http//people.hofstra.edu/faculty/jean-paul_rodrig
  ue/

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Outline

• Contemporary Changes in Global and Regional
  Freight Distribution
• Freight Capital New York / New Jersey
• The Role of the Port Authority of New York and
  New Jersey

3
Share of Global GDP Growth, 1995-2002
4
U.S. Trade in Goods and Services - Balance of
Payments, 1970-2004 (billions of US)
5
Containerized Cargo Flows along Major Trade
Routes, 2000-2003 (in millions of TEUs)
6
Increases in U.S. Commercial Freight Shipments
andRelated Growth Factors, 19932002
7
Changes in the Relative Importance of Logistical
Functions in Distribution Systems
8
Container Traffic at Major East Coast Ports,
1990-2003 (TEU)
11
1
12
9
8
3
2
4
6
10
7
5
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Freight Capital New York / New Jersey

• Freight capital
• Population of 21.2 million (7.5 of the national
  population).
• 2nd largest passengers and air freight gateway in
  the world.
• 3rd largest container port in the US.
• Largest public transit system in North America.
• The gateway function
• Large international terminals (port and
  airports).
• Serves the Eastern Seaboard.
• Local economy
• Significant deindustrialization.
• Service oriented.
• High level of consumption.

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Challenges of Urban Freight Distribution

• Modal dependence
• Trucking (80).
• Infrastructure
• Bottlenecks.
• Terminal access.
• Operational limitations
• Trucks (access and size limitations).
• Rail (freight vs. passengers).
• Maritime (depth).
• Intermodal integration
• Independent and fragmented transport networks.

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Cargo Handled by the Port of New York, 1991-2003
(metric tons)
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Distribution of General Cargo Operations, Port of
New York, 1959, 1987 and 2000
13
Container Traffic Handled by the Port of New
York, 1991-2003
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Truck Freight Corridors
New York
New Jersey
TZB
Connecticut
8.4
23.2
7.8
7.4
GWB
Bronx
8.6
5.2
TBB
TNB
LT
5.7
WSB
Manhattan
LGA
Long Island
QMT
HT
Queens
EWR
BBT
4.2
1.9
GTB
BYB
6.4
Brooklyn
JFK
VZB
Staten Island
8.4
1.5
Major Crossing
OCB
1,000 of Trucks per Day (2000)
2.0
4.8
About 70 million truck crossings per year
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Rail Freight Corridors and Port Facilities
New York
New Jersey
Bronx
Manhattan
NJ Distribution Cluster
Long Island
Queens
Brooklyn
Staten Island
Port Terminal
Intermodal Terminal
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The Role of the Port Authority of New York and
New Jersey

• Comprehensive Port Improvement Plan (2000)
• Two groups of options.
• 1) Improving productivity / throughput of
  existing terminals
• Dredging.
• Ship / rail efficiency.
• 2) New terminals
• New facilities.
• Land reclamation.
• Inland option
• Freight villages.
• Port regionalization.

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Channel Depth at Selected North American Ports,
1998 (in feet)
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Intermodal Facilities and Navigation Channels of
the Port of New York, 2003
Albers Equal-Area Conic Projection
East River
40
45
Hudson River
1- Port Newark 2- Port Elizabeth 3- Global Marine
43
Newark Bay Channel
40
Red Hook
40
1
3
Upper Bay Channel
South Brooklyn
2
45
Brooklyn
45
Daily Truck Movements (one way), 2001
37
Kill Van Kull Channel
Howland Hook
New Jersey
45
37
Arthur Kill Channel
The Narrows
Staten Island
Navigation Channel
Ambrose Channel
45
45
30
Control Depth (feet)
Main Ship Channel
N
Intermodal Terminal
37
Arthur Kill Channel
37
Container Port (proposed)
Raritan Bay Channel
Major Highway
Proposed rail tunnel
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Port Inland Distribution Network
Albany
Syracuse
Boston
Hartford / Springfield
Worcester / Framingham
Davisville
New Haven
I95/New Jersey
New York
Reading
Potential Regional Barge Port
Philadelphia
Hanover
Inland Rail Terminal
Wilmington
Camden
LO/LO Barge Service
Inland Rail Route
Baltimore
Freight Cluster
Washington
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Expressrail Lifts, 1991-2004
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Containers Handled by the Port of Albany PIDN,
April 2003, September 2004 (TEU)
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Potential Modal Split Changes Due to the PIDN
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Regionalization of Distribution

• From freight clusters to freight villages
• Freight cluster (A)
• Agglomeration of unrelated distribution
  activities.
• Cheap land and highway accessibility.
• Duplication and redundancy.
• Freight village (B)
• Some level of functional integration.
• Sharing of facilities and terminals.

A
DC
B
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Conclusion Challenges in Freight Distribution

• Global changes
• New geography of production.
• Imbalanced trade flows.
• Local pains
• Congestion.
• Stressed capacities.
• Challenges for the freight capital and the Port
  Authority
• Throughput and distribution.
• Port regionalization.
• Modal shift readjustment of freight flows.
• Efficiency in distribution derived from the
  inland (hinterland).