Automated Monitoring of Compliance with Rule10 of COLREGs via AIS

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Automated Monitoring of Compliance with Rule-10
of COLREGs via AIS

• Prof. Dr.-Eng. Reinhard Müller, Cpt.
• Dipl.-Eng. Petro Braverman

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Content
of an eNavigation technological development

• Introduction and Conditions
• Methods of the Analysis
• Results
• Conclusion and Application

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Reference to eNavigation

• eNavigation is the
• harmonized collection, integration, exchange,
  presentation and analysis of maritime information
  onboard and ashore by electronic means to enhance
  berth to berth navigation and related services,
  for safety and security at sea and protection of
  the marine environment.
• AIS is a basically means for data exchange.
• Dynamically Own Ship Information
• Binary Messages
• Traffic regulation by separation schemes is an
  effective instrument for enhancing navigation.
• Defined by geometrical design and co-ordinates
• Mandatory of use described in COLREGs
• An electronic unit may analysis maritime
  information collected from different sources.
• Target tracking
• Data correlation and rule based evaluation

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(No Transcript)
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Research Area
Research Area
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Research Object

• T.S.S. North of Ruegen
• Established since 01/07/2006
• about 50 users per day
• No VTS covering
• Observed by FINO 2

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24 hours around FINO 2
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AIS-Vessel Traffic (1)
AIS Position reports of 1 month Before T.S.S.
Establishing
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AIS-Vessel Traffic (2)
AIS Position reports of 1 month After T.S.S.
Establishing
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AIS Statistics at T.S.S.
Vessels Frequency Scale of 1 Month
T.S.S. North of Ruegen
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Introduction

• Rule 10 of COLREGs T.S.S. (Extracted)
• Clause C A vessel shall so far as practicable
  avoid crossing traffic lanes, but if obliged to
  do so shall cross on a heading as nearly as
  practicable at right angles to the general
  direction of traffic flow.
  
• Clause B count iii Normally join or leave a
  traffic lane at the termination of the lane, but
  when joining or leaving from either side shall do
  so at as small an angle to the general direction
  of traffic flow as practicable.
• Clause B count i A vessel using a traffic
  separation scheme shall proceed in the
  appropriate traffic lane in the general direction
  of traffic flow for that lane

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Introduction (contd)

• Joining or Leaving Crossing the T.S.S. the
  T.S.S. (B-i, B-iii) (B-i, C)
• To be applied by the master for decreasing the
  collision risk

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Conditions

• Investigation of received AIS-data at FINO 2
  from October 2007
• Selection of all vessels shipping in the
  vicinity of the T.S.S. North of Ruegen
• Monitoring of the compliance with the rule 10
  of COLREGS at the T.S.S.
• Analysing of the results

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Methods

• Analysis of the AIS-data in respect to the
  T.S.S.
• Ships position and motion
• Ships heading and alterations
• Ships course over ground and alterations
• Detection of rule-10-violation
• Validation of data

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Methods (contd)

• Algorithm for detection of the rule 10 violation
• B-iii for Joining or Leaving if
• DoT - 30 gt ships heading gt DoT 30
• C for Crossing if
• DoT 90 - 15 gt ships heading gt DoT 90
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• B-i for Proceeding in the lane direction if
• DoT 180 - 30 gt ships heading lt DoT 180
  30
• DoT Direction of Traffic lane
• Violation results non / single / multiple

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Methods (contd)
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Methods (contd)

• Installation of virtual buffer zones around the
  T.S.S. North of Ruegen
• Monitoring the vessel traffic inside of the
  extended navigational area according to
  compliance with rule 10 of COLREGS

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Investigation Results

• Number of all AIS tracks 1217
• Number of detected rule violations 82
  (gt 6)
• (B-i) wrong directions 12
• (B-iii, C) wrong angles 70

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Investigation Results (contd)

• Display of detected AIS tracks with rule 10
  violation

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Investigation Results (contd)

• Time of visibility of all detected vessel inside
  of the investigation area in minutes
• In Buffer-Area Violation 2963.63
• B-iii and C 1154.79
• B-i 202.25

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Investigation Results (contd)

• Duration of the rule-10-violation in minutes

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Investigation Results (contd)

• Number of involved vessels during violation
  caused by

Mean 3,7
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Investigation Results (contd)

• Number of involved vessels during violation
  caused by

Mean 3,2
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Conclusions

• In this study about 94 of all T.S.S. using
  vessels are shipping in compliance with the rule
  10 of COLREGs.
• In each detected violation about 4 vessels were
  involved in the conflict taking meanly 16.5 min.
• The buffer zones of entering / leaving the T.S.S.
  may be extended for individual applications or
  further investigations.
• The expectation by T.S.S. monitoring via AIS is
  an enhanced compliance with the rule 10 of
  COLREGs and a resulted increased safety of
  shipping.

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Applications

• The possibility of an automated monitoring and
  evaluation of compliance of Rule 10 via AIS is
  given.
• The application may be integrated into existing
  technical infrastructures like
• Transponder fitted buoys
• Vessel Traffic Services Centres
• ECDIS

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Applications (contd)

• Transponder fitted buoys
• The monitoring unit has to integrated into the
  transponder of the master buoy.
• Using binary Messages for information
  transmitting (broadcast / addressed) - an
  automatism is necessary
• Each T.S.S. passing AIS-fitted vessel can
  participate in the monitoring system without
  additional equipment.

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Applications (contd)

• Vessel Traffic Service Centres
• The monitoring unit has to integrated into the
  VTS. Extended AIS covering is necessary.
• Additional human based information transmitting
  is possible.
• Each T.S.S. passing AIS-fitted vessel can
  participate in the monitoring system without
  additional equipment.

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Applications (contd)

• Electronic Chart Display and Information System
• The monitoring unit has to integrated into the
  ECDIS as additional Application.
• Self control and graphical displaying are
  possible. Transmitting of information is not
  necessary.
• Each T.S.S. passing AIS-fitted vessel can use the
  Automated Rule10 Analyser with the onboard
  ECDIS-HMI.

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• Thank you for your Attention!