Types of Government and Economic Systems

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• Types of Government and Economic Systems

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I. Levels of Government
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A. Unitary System A government that gives all
key powers to the national or central government.
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B. Federal System 1. Divides the powers of
government between the national government and
state or provincial government.
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2. Another similar type of government structure
is a confederation, a loose union of independent
territories.
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• II. Types of Government
• I. Autocracy Any system of government in which
  the power and authority to rule belong to a
  single individual. 2. The oldest and one of the
  most common forms of government.

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3. Absolute or totalitarian The decisions of a
single leader determines government policy.Came
to power through revolution or election.Control
all aspects of social and economic life.
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• 4. A dictatorship is a government headed by a
  dictator or more generally any authoritarian or
  totalitarian government, and in opposition with a
  democracy.

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Adolf Hitler
Joseph Stalin
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B. Absolute Monarchy A king or queen exercises
the supreme power of government. Usually inherit
their position. 1. A small group holds power
Usually family
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The remaining absolute monarchies in the modern
world are in Saudi Arabia, Brunei, and Swaziland.
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King Abdullah Saudi Arabia
Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said (Oman)
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Sultan Haji Hassanal Bolkiah
Mu'izzaddin Waddaulah, (Brunei)
His Majesty King Mswati IIIBAYETHE Swaziland
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Monarchies

• Saudi Arabia Kingdom
• Kuwait Emirate
• UAE Emirates
• Oman Sultanate
• Qatar Emirate
• Brunei Sultanate
• Bahrain Emirate

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King HAMAD bin Isa Al Khalifa (Bahrain)
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan UAE
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HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, (Qatar)
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Jordan
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• 2. Constitutional Monarchy A government
  established under a constitutional system which
  acknowledges a hereditary or elected monarch as
  head of state. The monarch is the (symbolic) head
  of the executive branch (Parliament).

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Queen Elizabeth II of the UK
Prince Charles
Prince William
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• Today there are 23 Constitutional Monarchies
  including United Kingdom, Denmark, Samoa, Tonga,
  Spain, Netherlands, Bhutan, Sweden, Kuwait,
  Japan, Jordan, Thailand , Monaco, Andorra,
  Luxembourg

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• Though the king or queen may be regarded as the
  government's symbolic head, it is the Prime
  Minister, whose power derives directly or
  indirectly from elections, who actually governs
  the country.

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C. Democracy Any system of government in which
leaders rule with the consent of the governed.
2. Rule of the people Elections 3. Direct
democracies All citizens decide all issues a.
There are No direct democracies today.
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4. They are representative democracies in which
the people elect representatives with the power
to make laws and conduct government.
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5. Republic a. The People elect all major
officials who then make and carry out the laws
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Oligarchy A small group hold power. They
derive their power from wealth, military power,
social position or a combination of these
elements.
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• A. Communist one ruled by a single political
  party which declares its allegiance to the
  principles of Marxism-Leninism. Society is based
  on workers controlling industrial production.

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• B. Military Rule Where the military has taken
  control of the country.
• Pakistan and Libya are two examples today.

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Military Rule from 1945 to 1995
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• III. Economic Systems
• Traditional Economy
• 1. Habit and customs determine the rules of all
  economic activity.

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Decisions made by elders or ancestral
customs. The Inuit share their the spoils of the
hunt with all in the village.
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Today, traditional economic systems exist in very
limited parts of the world.
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B. Market Economy 1. Individuals and private
groups make decisions about what to produce.
(People as shoppers choose products they buy)
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2. Free Enterprise or Capitalism The idea the
private individuals or groups have the right to
own property or business and make a profit with
only limited government interference.
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Fortune 500 Companies
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C. Mixed Economy Government supports and
regulates free enterprise through decisions that
affect the marketplace.
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D. Command Economy 1. The government owns or
directs the means of production land, labor and
capital (machinery and factories)
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2. Socialism allows a wide range of free
enterprise alongside government-run activities.
a. the equal distribution of wealth and economic
opportunity
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b) societys control, through its government, of
all major decisions about production
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c. Public ownership of most land, factories, and
other means of production.
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3. Communism Requires strict government control
of almost the entire society, including its
economy. The government decides how much to
produce, what to produce, and how to distribute
the goods and services produced.
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Karl Marx
Vladimir Lenin
Communist one ruled by a single political party
which declares its allegiance to the principles
of Marxism-Leninism.
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One political party, the Communist party, makes
all decisions and may even use various forms of
coercion to ensure that the decisions are carried
out at lower political and economic levels.
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There are only 5 communist countries in the world
today China, Cuba, North Korea, Vietnam and Laos
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How China is ruled
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Politburo of China
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Ho Chi Minh
Vietnam Politburo