Title: WCDR Hyogo Framework for Action:
1WCDR Hyogo Framework for Action
- Calls upon member States with support of UN
Regional and Civil Society organisations to
prioritise - Incorporation of disaster risk reduction
measures into post disaster recovery and
rehabilitation processes - use opportunities during recovery phase to
develop capacities that reduce disaster risk in
the long run including - through sharing of expertise knowledge and
lessons learnt
2What recent recovery experiences are telling us
- UNDP disaster post disaster recovery experiences
(Gujarat Indonesia) - Non integration of risk reduction in recovery
sometimes rebuilding risk - Needs assessment not always demand driven stake
holder consultative processes weak - Institutions set up to manage recovery- have not
led to sustained national and local capacities
for disaster deduction - Opportunities for Transformative Recovery require
upscaling of small innovative initiatives led by
civil society organisations in the larger
reconstruction plans which do not always happen
3Rebuilding Risk/ Rerofitting the Reconstruction
4Gujarat Earthquake 2001 Rehabilitation the
tyranny of rush
- 1.5 billion USD programme to be disbursed
rapidly political pressures to speed the
benefits to affected householders - Cash disbursement without hazard resistant
technology dissemination - Danger of rebuilding previous vulnerabilities
- Monitoring feed back by Civil society networks
(setus funded by DFID USAID SDC and
Netherlands brought about midterm corrections)
5Indonesia Resettlement plans new risks
- Massive destruction of settlements more than
400000 people displaced - Plans to relocate randomly dispersed IDP camps
into 24 interim shelter camps - Site selection creating new risks as clearing
hill rain forests - Opportunity for zone planning on basis of
environmental considerations need to be driven
by local participative processes - Gujarat Civil society networks launched
participative process of consulting villages and
reversed GOG policy to relocate villages If
Recovery plans for Shelter are to lead to
community resilience needs time process and
participation
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7Indonesia Damage and Needs Assessment
Methodology Formulating recovery programmes
based on consensus and stakeholder participation
- Assessment driven by the need to secure donor
commitments - Limited possibilities of community and local
stake holders consultations - Multiple agencies appealed for similar sectors
- Difficult to ensure that global technical skills
of will come together seamlessly to serve Aceh
Recovery (these were not part of the sectoral
needs assessments) - Highlights the need to establish predefined roles
as per comparative advantages through a shared
commonly owned needs assessment methodology
8Capacity for Managing Recovery
- UN system Inadequate resources for RECOVERY in
UNCT - absence of predictable surge as in UNDAC as post
disaster Recovery programmes swell 8/9 times
normal developmental operations BCPR UNDP
supports co-ordination through Trac resources
not a predictable UN/ International system
mechanism - National actors Create para-statal to manage
huge Recovery programmes/ not sustained after
life of project (MEERPGSDMA Office of National
Reconstruction Jamaica) - Indonesia set reconstruction team in BAPPENAS
with 10 sectoral teams - Linkages to decentralised BAPPEDAS and district
Administration complex as all developmental
resources have been delegated to District
Administration - Danger of turning into parallel government
structures that overlap functions and mandates
and bypass accountability and control mechanisms
9Resource vs. local absorptive capacity Indonesia
and Gujarat
- Indonesia Huge resource commitments for Flash
Appeal 350 millionn USD in flash 3 .9 billion
reconstruction plan at CGI many International
NGO have upwards of few hundred million USD - However absorptive capacity constraints local
Govt NGO civil servants already weakened by
conflict decimated by Tsunami - Possibilities to empower the people of Aceh and
Local govt. of Aceh Indonesia need a deep
consultative process with local communities
upscale innovations initiated by civil society
organisations - Gujarat Earthquake Gap at sub-district level in
view of Huge magnitude of Funds to be channelised
by Govt WB ADB at the Sub District level - Need to strengthen Institutional Capacity at the
cluster of 15 villages --Sub Center level to
absorb development funding transparency of
expenditures grievance redressal information
sharing - Setting up Setus- Bridges SDC USAID and DFID
later up scaled under WB funded Rehab Programmes
10Tsunami Early Warning vs Multi Hazard risk
reduction
- Indonesian plan is based on science
seismographs to monitor earthquakes buoys to
monitor wave movements satellite communications
to trigger siren warning of Tsunami in remote
communities Aim to reduce dependence on human
communication chain by making technology
communicate to people directly - However established best practice reveals
community based preparedness and awareness
campaigns local community based mechanisms to
trigger response work robustly - Gujarat Shift from less frequent earthquake to
more probable Droughts multi hazard assessment
and risk management Planning - Multi-Hazard prone-drought cyclones
- Drought impoverished cyclone devastated families
do not have livelihood security to build
earthquake houses - Comprehensive development plan ecological
restoration drought proofing sustainable
livelihoods
11Indonesia Tsunami opportunity for
transformative recovery
- Aceh has 20 year old separatist movement run by
GAM GOI has invested heavily in military
security - Destruction of Police stations courts and death
of police personnel Possibilities for reducing
high cost military security and substituting
community policing rule of law institutions
based on traditional courts - Death of civil Servants recruitment for
Acehenese open transparent - Capacity enhancement of Distt/ sub district
offices by training new civil service and
providing technical support for damage
assessments infrastructure and settlement
planning risk reduction through mitigation
measures in housing and spatial planning early
warning and conflict sensitive development
practices - Progress in Peace talks indicator of opportunity
to rebuild with peace
12Key Challenges for International Community/ UN
- Strengthening international and national
capacities to deliver recovery strategies and
programmes informed of lessons learnt from the
past - Institutional arrangements to support local
empowerment strengthening local absorptive
capacities - Recovery tool kit commonly shared Needs
Assessment methodology to derive transitional
recovery needs with associated risk mitigation
components with division of roles as per
comparative advantages and training in these
tools - Predictable partnershipsneed for pre-established
partnerships across UN agencies IFIs key
government line ministries
13Defining recovery
- International Strategy for Disaster Reduction
(ISDR) definition decisions and actions taken
after a disaster with a view to restoring or
improving the pre-disaster living conditions of
the stricken community while encouraging and
facilitating necessary adjustments to reduce
disaster risk. Recovery from a disaster is thus
primarily about - Shifting focus from saving lives to restoring
livelihoods - Effectively preventing the recurrence of crisis
situations - Harnessing conditions for future development
- Building on national capacities
- Empowering communities
- Determining/addressing root causes and
vulnerabilities
14Alternate Paths of Transition from Relief to
Development A Model
MDGs
Sustainable Development MDGs by 2015
Connection Recovery to SHD
Pre disaster HPI Aceh Post
Tsunami HPI Aceh
PRE- DisasterHDI( poverty index)
Human Poverty Index Poverty as a proxy MDGs
Recovery Community Govt ownership with
vulnerability reduction conflict prevention
builds Community resilience
Ideal Recovery
Continuum of Relief and Recovery
Uneven recovery( cotracter driven)
Unsustainable recovery(siesmically unsafe housing)
TIME
R (ideal) R (delayed) 2015
Humanitarian Response
Transition Recovery
15International Recovery Platform (IRP) proposed at
WCDR Kobe
- The IRP to function as an international
repository of knowledge and clearing-house
mechanism for recovery that currently does not
exist within the UN system. - The IRP will promote a shared vision and common
approach and strategies for its members
16IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVES
- To provide a coordination framework and network
for post-disaster recovery in support of the
Resident Coordinator system and disaster affected
donors IFIs and others - To facilitate the dissemination of lessons
learned and the development of common tools and
mechanisms - To provide advice on the formulation of
post-disaster recovery planning and programming
with risk reduction approach - To strengthen national capacities for
post-disaster recovery ensuring links with longer
term development programming - To facilitate South-South co-operation between
disaster prone countries utilize the accumulated
know-how of these countries in post-disaster
recovery.
17Interlinked service lines of IRP
Recovery operations occur with lack of capacity
and knowledge tools in absence of a concerted
recovery platform
181- Advocacy and Knowledge Management
- Recovery needs assessment and planning tools
- The systematization of recovery experiences
- Information Management tools
- Programming tools
192)Capacity Building
- Activities to build the capacities for
post-disaster recovery with an emphasis on human
resource development within UN Country Teams as
well as national and international counterparts. - Key human resources trained in post-disaster
recovery concepts and skills. - Global network of experts and global databases
for recovery experts established. - Training curricula manuals and modules produced.
203) Enhanced Recovery Operations
- Provision of common tools and mechanisms for
operational activities in recovery - South-South cooperation amongst disaster prone
countries that have world-class capacities in
this area - Enhanced capacity of UN Country teams and
national and local authorities able to develop
recovery plans that incorporate risk reduction
and response preparedness elements - Technical surge capacity support services
available to UN Country teams and national and
local authorities to provide technical
assistance to post-disaster recovery operations. - Advisory services to UN Country teams and
national and local authorities to develop
resource mobilisation strategies consistent with
requirements of IFIs including regional banks.
