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Class Wars

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Explains evolutionary relationships; who turned into who ... Kinky. Friends. Come. Over. For. Good. sex ! An Example. Kingdom. Phylum. Class. Order. Family ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Class Wars


1
Class Wars
2
Objectives
  • Taxonomy vs. Systematics
  • Scientific Naming
  • Whos related to insects?
  • How are insects related to each other?

3
What is Taxonomy?
  • The worlds oldest profession
  • The classification of organisms based on
    __________and/or differences
  • Essentially Sesame Street taken up a notch

4
Taxonomy vs. Systematics
  • Taxonomy is the HOW and_______
  • Systematics is the ______and WHY
  • Explains evolutionary relationships who turned
    into who
  • TAXONOMY ? SYSTEMATICS!

5
Scientific Naming
  • Scientific Names are basically like addresses

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family G
enus species
Planet Continent Country State/Province
_________ Street house
6
Scientific Naming
  • A mnemonic

Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family _
_____ species
Kinky Friends Come Over For Good
sex !
7
An Example
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family G
enus species
Animalia Arthropoda _________ Lepidoptera
Lymantriidae Lymantria dispar
8
What about us?
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family G
enus species
Animalia ________ Mammalia Primates Homi
nidae Homo sapiens
9
(No Transcript)
10
Myriapoda
Hexapoda
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Annelida
Onychophora
The tree of life
The Phylogeny of Insects and Their Relatives
11
Phylum Annelida
  • Segmented worms 12,000 species.
  • Have at least one pair of _____________ bristles
  • They live in a variety of habitats from marine to
    terrestrial and have a very diverse diet (from
    dirt to blood!)

12
Phylum Onychophora
  • 70 described species
  • Features of both annelids and arthropods
  • Arthropod characters include
  • - a thin chitinous cuticle
  • - tracheal __________ system
  • - open circulatory system
  • - mandible-like mouthparts
  • Strictly terrestrial, mostly predators, limited
    to ________ habitats, mainly in the tropics

13
SubPhylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Chelicerates second largest group of arthropods
    (75,000 species)
  • No antennae
  • 2 body regions
  • 2 _________________ for feeding
  • As a group, they have a varied diet, but they
    include some of the most voracious predators in
    the phylum

14
SubPhylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Spiders most commonly encountered chelicerates
    (38,000 species worldwide)
  • Most are __________ (unless youre a fellow
    arthropod!)
  • The entire group is ____________

15
SubPhylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Scorpions another predaceous group of
    chelicerates
  • Although few North American species are fatal,
    almost all can deliver a painful sting
  • Primarily ___________ dwelling, they are most
    often found at night (some even glow under UV
    light!)

16
SubPhylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Mites and Ticks most diverse chelicerates
    (30,000 species)
  • Diverse lifestyles from predators to
    ________________
  • Some carry disease

17
SubPhylum Chelicerata
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Horseshoe crabs are chelicerates!
  • Living _______________, representing a group that
    was once much larger
  • Easily seen when they come onshore to mate

18
SubPhylum Crustacea
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Crustaceans (45,000 species)
  • Most are _____________ or marine (with a few
    notable exceptions)
  • They differ from other arthropods by having
  • two pairs of antennae
  • many legs
  • Lifestyles range from predaceous to herbivorous

19
Myriapoda (2 Classes)
Phylum Arthropoda
  • Generally considered to be insects ___________
    relatives
  • Relatively diverse at 13,000 species
  • Most distinguishable by their ______________
    segments, each with one or two pairs of legs

20
Centipede vs. Millipede
Class Chilopoda One pair of legs/segment _________
_______
Class Diplopoda ___ pairs of legs/segment Scavenge
rs
21
Class Hexapoda (Insecta)
Phylum Arthropoda
  • The ________ jackpot! (well over 800,000 species
    and still counting)
  • Distinguishable by
  • ________ body regions
  • three pairs of legs
  • wings (sometimes)
  • Lifestyles well if you can imagine it theres
    probably something doing it!

22
So whos most closely related to insects?
Myriapods!
BUT
23
Arthropoda
Myriapoda
Hexapoda
Chelicerata
Annelida
Crustacea
Onychophora
Standard Tree
24
Arthropoda
Crustacea
Hexapoda
Chelicerata
Annelida
Myriapoda
Onychophora
Yikes!
Molecular Tree
25
Systematics is full of unanswered questions, but
scientists are working on it!
26
Order Wars Border Wars
Orthoptera
Collembola
Phasmatodea
Thysanura
Ephemeroptera
Dermaptera
Odonata
Hemiptera
Plecoptera
Thysanoptera
Phthiraptera
Coleoptera
Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Siphonaptera
Mecoptera
Diptera
27
Meet the Orders
Animalia
Kingdom
Arthropoda
Phylum
______________ (Insecta)
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
28
Meet the Orders
Orthoptera
Collembola
Phasmatodea
Thysanura
Ephemeroptera
Dermaptera
Odonata
Hemiptera
Plecoptera
Thysanoptera
Phthiraptera
Coleoptera
Apterygota
Neuroptera
_____________
Hymenoptera
Trichoptera
No metamorphosis
Lepidoptera
Siphonaptera
Mecoptera
Diptera
29
Meet the Orders
Orthoptera
Collembola
Phasmatodea
Thysanura
Ephemeroptera
Dermaptera
Odonata
Hemiptera
Plecoptera
Thysanoptera
Phthiraptera
Coleoptera
Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
Exopterygota
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Hemimetabolous
Siphonaptera
_____________ metamorphosis
Mecoptera
Diptera
30
Meet the Orders
Orthoptera
Collembola
Phasmatodea
Thysanura
Ephemeroptera
Dermaptera
Odonata
Hemiptera
Plecoptera
Thysanoptera
Phthiraptera
Coleoptera
Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
__________________
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Complete metamorphosis
Siphonaptera
Mecoptera
Diptera
31
Meet the Orders
Part I
Orthoptera
Collembola
Phasmatodea
Thysanura
Ephemeroptera
Dermaptera
Odonata
Hemiptera
Plecoptera
Thysanoptera
Phthiraptera
Coleoptera
Neuroptera
Hymenoptera
Trichoptera
Lepidoptera
Siphonaptera
Mecoptera
Diptera
32
OrderCollembolaspringtails
  • 6000 species
  • Very small, primitive, __________
  • Ametabolous (no metamorphosis)
  • Name means _______ peg

33
Aptly named
The glue peg (actually used for _______ uptake)
They JUMP!
34
(No Transcript)
35
Springtails on Ice
One of the few insects you will find active
outdoors in the winter is the snow flea
(Hypogastrura nivicola). It feeds on bacteria,
fungi, and ________ that grow on the snow.
36
Importance?
Springtails even permanently inhabit the
continent of ______________.
  • One of the most populous animals in the world
  • 3,000 per cubic foot (810,000 per cubic yard)
    of soil !
  • Break down organic matter and recycle __________
    into the soil

37
OrderThysanurasilverfish
  • 370 species
  • Small, primitive, wingless
  • Ametabolous(no metamorphosis)
  • Name means _________________
  • Household pests that feed on starchy substances

and firebrats
38
Order Ephemeropteramayflies
  • 2000 species
  • Primitive winged insects
  • ____________________(incomplete metamorphosis)
  • Name means short-lived wings

39
Adult Features
Large, ___________ wings
Long front legs
_____ long terminal filaments off end of abdomen
(usually)
40
The Nymphs
  • Mayfly nymphs are _______________
  • Most are herbivorous
  • Sensitive to pollution

Abdominal gills
Key feature Three terminal filaments (usually)
41
Emergence
  • Adults can emerge in hugegroups, which
  • Increases chances of finding a ___________
  • Decreases risk of predation

For all their numbers, they dont live very long
as adults (no more than a day or two)
42
Males have GIGANTIC eyes (most of their brain is
devoted to ____________ Helps males find females
Importance of this Group?
  • _______ source for a lot of predators, both
    aquatic and terrestrial
  • Large emergences can cause BIG problems

43
Order Odonata
dragonfliesand______________
  • 5000 species
  • Primitive winged insects
  • Hemimetabolous(incomplete metamorphosis)
  • Name means tooth

44
Dragonflies vs. Damselflies
_______-spaced eyes
Close-set eyes
45
Dragonflies vs. Damselflies
Wide spaced eyes Skinny abdomens Wings held
over the back
Close-set eyes Fat abdomens Wings held
__________
46
Even the nymphs are different
Dragonflies vs. Damselflies
Internal gills (usually ___________)
External gills
47
The Mask of Death
The _______ of nymphs is modified into a mask
that can be extended to grab prey
48
Border Patrol
Male dragonflies and damselflies are EXTREMELY
___________________
And Very photogenic
A favorite of nature photographers everywhere
There are even field guides for those interested
in hunting dragonflies
___________ comes from cells inside the
exoskeleton thats why their colors fade when
they die, the cells dry out!
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