This movement challenged the idea that kings had a God-give

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Changes in Spanish Texas
2
French and Indian War

• In 1754 the British and the French went to war
  over the land north of the Ohio Valley in
  America. This war was called the French and
  Indian War
• This war spread to Europe resulting in the Seven
  Years War with France and Spain becoming allies
  (friends).

3

Treaty of Paris

• In 1763 after Great Britain won the war, and
  the Treaty of Paris required France and Spain to
  give land to the British.

• France gave up all the land around the
  Mississippi River and Canada while Spain gave up
  Florida

• After the treaty, France no longer had ANY
  mainland on North America

• The French threat to Spain was gone

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Marques de Rubi and the REPORT

• Who Marques de Rubi was an inspector for Spain
  who spent 2 years touring the Texas missions and
  presidios.
• Why Due to the changes in the New World and New
  Spains empire, Spain needed to inspect the
  conditions in Texas
• When Beginning in 1766 and lasting for 2 years
• What After completing his tour he made the
  following recommendations in a report

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Marques de Rubi Report
Why?
Why?
Marqués de Rubí Report
These had the best conditions- others were in
desperate need of repairs and staffed by soldiers
who lived in poverty.
Spain should abandon all missions and presidios
in Texas except those at La Bahía and San
Antonio.
San Antonio should then replace Los Adaes as the
capital of Texas.
The Spanish in East Texas should be moved to San
Antonio to strengthen the defenses of the
missions and settlement there.
The French were no longer a threat to East Texas
The Spanish should befriend the Comanche and use
their help infighting the Apache.
The government approved Rubis recommendations
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Effects in East Texas

• Spanish officials began to withdrawal from East
  Texas (and Los Adaes) in 1773. Residents were
  forced from their homes and land (many against
  their will) and sent to San Antonio. The 3 month
  journey killed many.
• San Antonio became the new capital in the early
  1770s and the newcomers were very unhappy.
  Farmland was already taken, etc.
• Antonio Gil Ybarbo led a group who moved back to
  East Texas and founded present day Nacogdoches on
  the site of the old mission. This town prospered
  and turned into a major trading post, trading
  with Louisiana and the Tejas Indians.

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Changes in the Indian Policies

• Because the mission system failed in keeping
  peaceful relations with the Plains Indians, the
  Spanish decided to try befriending the tribes by
  trading with them and exchanging gifts (If you
  cant beat emjoin em ?)
• In 1785, a peace treaty was signed between the
  Comanche Indians and the Spanish.
• THE TREATY

The Comanche Indians agreed to stop attacking
Spanish settlements in return for annual gifts
The Spanish agreed to provide them with beads,
clothes, mirrors and shoes. They even provided
guns.
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What about the Apaches?

• After the treaty with the Comanche Indians, the
  raids by the Apache Indians continued.
• In 1790, several Native American tribes
  (including the Comanches) joined forces with the
  Spanish Army and was victorious during a war with
  the Apaches.
• This loss negatively effected the Apaches
  strength in Texas for several years.

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What did you learn.

• Answer the following questions about the
  powerpoint
• What led to the Rubi inspection tour?
• Spain wanted to inspect the settlements
  because of the recent changes to the empire
• 2. How did Spanish relations with the Indians
  change in the late 1700s?
• Used trade and gifts to make allies signed a
  peace treaty with the Comanche defeated Apache
  during war
• 3. How did the Treaty of Paris effect Texas?
• France had to cede all the land that
  bordered Texas and was no longer a threat.

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Disputes with the United States
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The Growing US Threat

• 1775 the US Revolutionary War begins as the
  American Patriots begin fighting for independence
  against Britain.
• Spain joined in fighting against Great Britain

• Bernardo de Galvez was the governor of Spanish
  Louisiana at the time, and demanded resources
  from Texas

• In 1783, the United States won its independence
  and became a republic. The republic began to
  grow quickly becoming a threat to Spanish power.

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The Threat Continues

• U.S. Settlers began moving west towards the
  Mississippi River and some even moved into
  Spanish Territory in Louisiana.
• Spanish officials in Louisiana allowed U.S.
  immigration to help the population (was sparse at
  the time) BUT Texas officials went as far as
  setting up troops on the borders to keep
  Americans out.

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The Louisiana Purchase

• In 1800 a land deal known as the Louisiana
  Purchase took place. This deal forced Spain to
  sell Louisiana back to the French who in turn
  sold it to the U.S. in 1803. This doubled the
  size of the U.S.

How much did the U.S. pay for the land during
this land deal?
15 Million
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Border Disputes in Texas

• The U.S. now bordered New Spain and alarmed the
  Spanish.
• Disputes on the ACTUAL borders began to surface.
  The U.S. claimed that Texas was part of Louisiana
  and of course Spain disagreed.
• The disputed land was designated as neutral
  ground.

• In 1819, Spain and the U.S. signed the
  Adams-Onis Treaty that set up a defined border.

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What did you learn.

• Answer the following questions about the
  powerpoint
• What events increased Spains fears of the United
  States?
• - Expansion of U.S. Settlements and the
  Louisiana Purchase.
• 2. How did these events affect Texas?
• The U.S. now bordered New Spain and led to
  border disputes and who official had land control
  of Texas.

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Unrest and Revolution
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Colonists Grow Unhappy with Spain

• As the small colonies grew into towns, the
  settlers worked together to solve their own
  problems.

• The settlers couldnt wait for Spain to direct
  them.
• The settlers felt that the king lived too far
  away to truly understand their needs.

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• In the last decades of the 1700s Spain became
  involved in huge problems in Europe.
• Conflicts with England and France took up most of
  Spains time and money.

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Spain didn't have enough money to spend on
the new towns in current-day Texas.
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How was Spain going to get money to fight the
conflicts with England and France?

• Spain placed HEAVY TAXES on the settlers in
  Texas.
• Spain forced the settlers in Texas to donate
  money to pay for European wars.

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• How would you like to work hard all week and have
  to give the Spanish King and Queen take most of
  your income/money in taxes?
• What you had left, they tried to make you
  donate to Spain to pay for their European Wars.
  

Would you be upset like the Spanish Texas
settlers?
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• By 1800, the settlers were feeling dissatisfied.
• Colonists were unhappy with the Spanish rulers.
• Colonists wanted to make their own rules.

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The Enlightenment Movement

• People tried to apply reason and science to all
  aspects of society, including government.
• This movement challenged the idea that kings had
  a God-given right to rule.
• A government should support the peoples nature
  rights and interests. (If a government does not
  do this, it should be replaced.)

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Father Hidalgo Calls for Independence

• Father Hidalgo believed strongly in the ideals of
  the Enlightenment.
• Father Hidalgo worked among Mexican farming
  families for years just north of Mexico City.
  He saw how these families struggled and how
  Spains crown neglected to help them.

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• Father Hidalgo knew that as long as the king was
  in charge, conditions for these Mexican families
  would never change.
• Father Hidalgo called for the liberation of the
  Mexican people from Spain.
• (liberation the act of becoming free)

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• When the king and queen of Spain heard that
  Father Hidalgo was conspiring to overthrow the
  Spanish government, they decided to ARREST HIM.
• Hidalgo heard about this beforehand and knew he
  had three choices
• stay in Dolores (small town north of Mexico City)
• hide out and hope not to get caught
• begin a revolution

conspiring to join in a secret agreement
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What will Father Hidalgo do?
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Grito de Dolores
Cry of Dolores
www.vivasancarlos.com/ call_ind.html

• On September 16, 1810, Father Hidalgo gave a
  speech titled Grito de Dolores. (Remember
  Dolores was the city he was in, just north of
  Mexico City.)
• In the speech, Hidalgo called for Mexican
  citizens to rise up and fight for independence.

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Father Hidalgo is killed.

• On his was to meet up with his supporters,
  Hidalgo was seized by Spanish authorities and
  executed.
• Although Father Hidalgo did not live to see
  Mexican independence from Spain, he
  had a great effect on
  the future of Mexico and
  Texas.

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Hidalgos Supporters Rebel Against Spain

• A group of rebels led by Juan Bautista de las
  Casas overthrew the Spanish government in San
  Antonio.
• They named Las Casas governor and then took
  control of La Bahia and Nacogdoches.
• On January 22, 1811, Las Casas declared the
  Mexican state of Texas independent of Spain.

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Mexican Unrest Continues

• Even though the rebellions led by Hidalgo and Las
  Casas failed, people began opening their eyes to
  the possibility of freedom from Spanish control.
• They believed that with the right army, the
  colonists could win their independence.

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...to be continued.
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Jose Bernardo Gutierrez

• Left Nuevo Santander and fled to Louisiana to
  raise an army.
• Gutierrez and his army commander, Augustus Magee,
  marched back to Texas and briefly took control
  from Spain. They were defeated shortly
  thereafter.

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Meanwhile in Spain

• A group of liberals staged a successful revolt in
  1820.
• This revolt forced the king of Spain to make
  changes.
• The conservatives in Spain started to think twice
  about all of its choices.
• Many conservatives joined with Father Hidalgos
  followers to defeat Spanish forces.

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August 24, 1821

• A treaty was signed, making Mexico independent
  from Spain.
• Texas then became the new Republic of Mexico.

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Spanish Influence Lives On

• Spaniards explored Texas, built towns,
  established missions, and developed missions for
  hundreds of years.
• Spanish culture, language, customs, beliefs, etc.
  heavily impacted life in Texas.
• Even though Spain lost political control of
  Texas, Spanish influence has remained
  strong throughout history.

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MEXICO AFTER INDEPENDENCE, 1821
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Mexican colonists, including those in Texas, seek
independence from Spain.
Spain establishes missions and presidios.
More colonists come to Texas, establishing towns
and ranches.
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Spanish Rule Ends in Mexico
41
Mexico Wins Independence

• After the death of Father Hidalgo and Father
  Pavon (two leaders of Mexican Independence), the
  revolution seemed at an end.
• In 1820 political changes in Spain weakened the
  government and breathed new life into the revolt.
• Agustin de Iturbide and Vicente Guerrero led an
  army that defeated Spain and Mexico won its
  independence.

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Now What
This war of independence took a great toll on
both Mexico and Texas. Indian attacks on
settlements increased and little man-power
remained for defense. The loss of livestock and
crops due to the war destroyed the economy.

• By 1821 only about ½ of the population of tejanos
  remained (near 30,000 Indians still remained
  however).
• About 1,500 tejanos lived in San Antonio and
  around 1,000 lived in La Bahia (renamed Goliad in
  1829)
• Nacogdoches was deserted.

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Causes and Effects of Mexican Independence

• Causes
• Wide economic and social divisions between the
  rich and poor in New Spain
• Political corruption in Spain
• Examples of other revolutions, including the
  American Revolution and those occurring in Latin
  America
• Father Hidlagos Grito de Dolores

• Effects
• Creation of Mexico as an independent republic
• Economic ruin and loss of life in Mexico,
  including Texas.
• Political instability in Mexico
• Attempts to increase the Texas population with
  immigrants from Europe and the United States

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Tejano Ranchers

• Several ranches began to pop up and thrive around
  the Rio Grande Valley and Laredo. Livestock
  included cattle, horses and sheep.
• Martin de Leon was a famous tejano rancher to
  helped to establish the cattle industry in Texas
• Ranching also became a huge economy booster
  around the San Antonio area as well setting up
  trade with Louisiana and trading posts in Mexico
• Many of the wealthiest tejanos lived and worked
  on ranches in Texas.

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Mexican Policies in Texas

• Now that Mexico was an independent republic, they
  had to decide which Spanish policies to continue
  in Texas.
• THE MISSION SYSTEM
• Spain has begun to secularize the remaining
  mission beginning in 1793 (moving from religious
  to civil control)
• San Antonio de Valero was the first to be
  secularized and housed a military unit called San
  Jose y Santiago del Alamo de Parras.
• All Texas missions were secularized by 1831 and
  most of the Native Americans began to settle
  among the Spanish

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More Mexican Policies in Texas

• Mexico was concerned about the low population in
  Texas. Too much land and too few Tejanos
  defense??
• Few Mexicans wanted to live in the unsettled
  Texas frontier
• Right before the independence of Mexico, Spain
  had offered open immigration to the U.S.
• Would Mexico honor this offer??

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What did you learnAnswer the following based on
the powerpoint

• Under Spain, and then Mexico, what happened to
  the Mission System in Texas?
• It was secularized beginning in 1793 under Spain
  and finishing in 1831 under Mexico
• 2. How did the Mexican Independence affect Texas?
• It made Texas part of the independent nation of
  Mexico ruined the economy and drained the
  resources greatly decreased the Tejano
  population worsened Indian relations in Texas

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