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The Use of Animals in Research

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Should the life of an animal be viewed the same as that of a human? ... Michael W. Fox Veterinarian and former advisor to the Humane Society of the United States ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: The Use of Animals in Research


1
The Use of Animals in Research
Cadet Trask DC
2
Issues
  • Should the life of an animal be viewed the same
    as that of a human?
  • What rights do laboratory animals have?
  • How far is too far?

3
Types of Animal Testing
  • Pure Research Basic or pure research aims to
    increase knowledge about the way organisms
    behave, develop, and function biologically.
  • Applied Research Applied research aims to
    solve specific and practical problems, often
    relating to the treatment or cure of disease and
    disorder in humans and animals.
  • Drug Testing See the effects of pharmaceuticals
    on animals before they are released to humans.
  • Cosmetic Testing

4
Types of Animal Testing
  • Xenotransplantation involves transplanting
    living cells, tissues, or organs from one species
    to another. Current research involves primarily
    using primates as the recipient of pig hearts
  • -According to the FDA this is necessary as the
    demand for human organs is greater then the supply

5
Types of Animal Research
  • Genetic Modification - vast majority
  • Induced strokes in monkeys
  • Narcolepsy in dogs
  • Study certain behaviors in inbred animals
  • Medical students perform surgeries on pigs, which
    are then euthanized

6
Types of Animal Testing
  • The Office of Technology Assessment estimates
    that 17-23 million animals are used in the United
    States for research every year. The vast majority
    of these about 95 are rats and mice
    specifically bred for research. In 2000, there
    were 69,516 dogs and 25,560 cats used in
    research. By comparison, wildlife biologists
    estimate that over one million animals are killed
    every day by automobiles over 365 million per
    year.

7
Pros
  • Negative side effects of drugs are found in
    animals before being released to humans.
  • Cures for many diseases have been found as a
    result for animal research
  • Immunizations for polio, mumps, measles and
    hepatitis.
  • Treatments such as antibiotics, insulin, and
    chemotherapy.
  • Medications to treat high blood pressure,
    mental illness and arthritis.
  • Surgical procedures such as coronary bypasses,
    joint replacements, arthroscopic surgery, limb
    reattachments, and heart, kidney and liver
    transplants.
  • Animal research also improves veterinary
    procedures

8
Cons
  • Benefits of animal testing do not outweigh the
    torment and misery animals experience.
  • Tests done on animals will not always have the
    same effects on humans, therefore they are not
    always effective.
  • Stress levels in the animals can effect the
    outcome of the test.

9
(No Transcript)
10
Quotes
  • "If the death of one rat cured all diseases, it
    wouldn't make any difference to me. - Chris
    DeRose Former actor, Director of Last Chance for
    Animals
  • Animal liberationists do not separate out the
    human animal, so there is no rational basis for
    saying that a human being has special rights. A
    rat is a pig is a dog is a boy. They are all
    mammals. Even if animal research were to produce
    a cure for AIDS, We'd be against it. Ingrid
    Newkirk President and co-founder of PETA
  • The life of an ant and that of my child should be
    granted equal consideration. Michael W. Fox
    Veterinarian and former advisor to the Humane
    Society of the United States

11
Quotes
  • "In a war you have to take up arms and people
    will get killed, and I can support that kind of
    action by petrol bombing and bombs under cars,
    and probably at a later stage, the shooting of
    vivisectors on their doorsteps. It's a war and
    there's no other way you can stop vivisectors.
    Tim DaleyMember of the Animal Liberation Front
    (On the list of terrorist organizations in US and
    UK)

12
The Case of Britches
  • 1985
  • Born into captivity, had his eyelids sewn shut as
    part of a sensory deprivation experiment.
  • Raided by the Animal Liberation Front
  • Activists say they found Britches alone in a cage
    with bandages around his eyes and a sonar device
    attached to his head that emitted a high-pitched
    screech every few minutes

13
Recent News
  • According to the AP, An animal research center
    was fined 15,000 for animal care problems linked
    to the death of a monkey
  • The fine stems from findings from two
    inspections. The USDA reported unsanitary
    conditions during a January inspection of its
    117-acre Lawrenceville field station. A July
    inspection confirmed inadequate training and
    veterinary care at its Atlanta campus, after the
    macaque died there.
  • Specifically, the monkeys death was related to
    anesthesia equipment that was assembled
    incorrectly.

14
Possible Solutions
  • The Three Rs
  • replace animal tests with other types of tests.
    For example, scientists may be able to do some
    experiments using only tissue cultures
  • reduce the number of animals in the test
  • refine their tests, making sure the animals are
    as comfortable as possible

15
More Possible Solutions
  • Have all animal research projects approved by an
    ethics committee.
  • More federal oversight of laboratory conditions
    and animal testing.

16
Works cited
  • http//www.fbresearch.org/AnimalActivism/Threat.ht
    m
  • http//www.api4animals.org/facts.php?p435more1
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testingAdvoca
    tes_of_animal_testing
  • http//www.youthnoise.com/page.php?page_id2429
  • http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britches_(monkey)
  • http//ap.google.com/article/ALeqM5h-9H-tT3h83s_ox
    Pm4-eZjdn3XlgD8S0RUEG1
  • http//www.biorap.org/br53rs.html
  • http//stein.everybody.org/journal/wp-content/uplo
    ads/2007/04/23yearsposter_lg.jpg
  • http//content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thum
    b/d/d6/300px-ALFbeagles.jpg
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