Nanotechnology

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• Nanotechnology
• Leaping with tiny Steps
  into the Future
• Steffi Friedrichs
• Motivate Viodeoconferences for Schools
• 5th October 2006

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Test yourself ScienceFACT vs ScienceFICTION

• Self-cleaning walls

• Computer screens as flexible as paper

• Therapeutic drugs that can destroy inoperable
  tumours

• Sensors that can be implanted in the body and
  constantly monitor critical parameters (e.g.
  insulin level, etc.)

• Bananas made to order

• Mobiles powered by alcohol

• Stain-repellent clothes that dont need to be
  washed

• Ultra-strong bicycle frames that weigh a few
  hundred grams

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What is Nanotechnology? the official Definition
Nanotechnology refers to any application of
science that deals with elements between 100
nanometres and a tenth of a nanometer in size in
at least one dimension, in which size is
critical to the application's ultimate purpose
(Lux Research Capital Report, 2002)
Sales of products incorporating emerging
nanotechnology will rise to 2.6 trillion in
2014. (Lux Research Market Forecast, 2004)
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Where is the World of Nanotechnology?
C60 Bucky Ball
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Nanotechnology Why now?
Electron tomograph of herpes simplex virus.
courtesy of Paul Midgley, University of
Cambridge
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Nanotechnology as seen in Nature
Self-assembly of ferritin proteins (12 nm) in
hexagonally close-packed layers
movie courtesy of Eric Mayes (Nanomagnetics)
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REAL Nanotechnology
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REAL Nanotechnology The Lotus Effect
movie www.sto.de/lotusan
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REAL Nanotechnology The Lotus Effect
pictures www.sto.de/lotusan
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Nanotechnology as seen in Nature
A hydrophobic surface coating, prepared using
advanced nanotechnology
movie courtesy of Mark Nickmanis (TTP)
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Nanotechnologies are changing our Lives
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Nanotechnologies are changing our Lives
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Nanotechnology for Environmental Health

• Envirox?
• cerium oxide nanoparticles (? 50 nm) (dissolved
  in the fuel)

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Nanotechnology for Environmental Health
Launch of the all-electric SUV
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Nanotechnology for Environmental Health
Nanotechnology paint for insulation and for
corrosion protection
http//www.nansulate.co.kr
back
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Nanotechnology for alternative Energies
Solar Cells, improved by Nanotechnology

• Nanostructured components improve the efficiency
  of solar cells

• Bottom-Up nanofabrication methods make solar
  cells cost efficient

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Nanotechnology for alternative Energies
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Nanotechnology for alternative Energies
Portable Energy Nanotech Fuel Cells for Mobiles
Laptops
back
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Nanotechnology for Display Technology
Single-walled carbon nanotubes Flat Panel
Display (Samsung Prototype 1999)
Baughman et al., Science 297(2002) 787.
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Nanotechnology for Display Technology
Conductive Plastics for Field-Emission Displays

• Nanoshield?
• minimum amount of conductive carbon nanotubes
  (additive) in a transparent polymer (matrix)
• transparent conductive polymer composite with
  combined properties
• optical transparency and flexibility of the
  original polymer
• high conductivity (similar to non-transparent
  metallic films)
• potential applications
• relatively high conducting electrodes in display
  devices (e.g. touch screens, large area displays
  next generation flexible displays and solar
  voltaic collectors)

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Nanotechnology for Display Technology
Nano Emissive Display (NED) technology
World's First OLED Digital Camera
DuPont Kodak produced the first digital camera
with an 2.2-inch (3.1-megapixel) organic
light-emitting diode (OLED) display.

• base on CNT-technology
• 5-inch colour video display prototype
• thickness lt 1 inch
• fabrication can be scaled up to produce large
  screen televisions with superior quality, longer
  lifetimes and lower costs than current offerings

• Benefits of OLEDs
• brighter than liquid crystal displays (LCDs)
• wider viewing angle than LCDs
• no requirement of backlighting, reducing power
  consumption

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Nanotechnology for Display Technology
Flexible Displays
back
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Nanotechnology for IT
Status Quo The problems of current recording
technology
movie courtesy of Eric Mayes (Nanomagnetics)
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Nanotechnology for IT
The Solution Mimic Nature!
Data density gt1.5Tbit?cm-1
movies courtesy of Eric Mayes (Nanomagnetics)
The Challenge
back
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Nanotechnology for Paints Surfaces
The nanotechnological Solution
Protective/Self-cleaning Paints Coats
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Nanotechnology for Paints Surfaces
Nanotech Paint Lotusan
movie www.sto.de/lotusan
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Nanotechnology - as seen in Nature
The Lotus - Effect
pictures www.sto.de/lotusan
back
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Nanotechnology for a safer World
Toxic nerve gases selectively detected by
single-walled carbon nanotubes
Optical micrograph of a SWNT transistor
Photograph of a SWNT flow-cell chemiresistor
sensor.
AFM image
J. P. Novak et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 (2003)
4026-4028.
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Nanotechnology for a safer World
(even smaller) RFID Tags through new electronic
printing techniques
www.plasticlogic.com/
back
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Nanotech for Screening Technologies
Ultra-fast highly-selective sensors for
biomedical screening

• Sensors based on funtionalised SWNTs detect
• Gas molecules (e.g. CO2, alcohol, ozon)
• DNA
• Viri

http//www.nano.com
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Nanotech for Screening Technologies
Highly-selective detection of E. coli bacteria
within 20 minutes
Fluorescence image of a single E. coli cell
following incubation with antibody-conjugated
nanoparticles, showing strong fluorescents
generated by the nanoparticles on the bacterial
surface.
Scanning electron micrograph of E.coli cell
incubated with antibody-conjugated nanoparticles
each nanoparticle, binds to E.coli antigens on
the bacterial surface.
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Nanotech for Screening Technologies
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Nanotech for Screening Technologies How does it
work?
movie source http//www.evidenttech.com/
back
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Nanotechnology for Mobile Phones
Portable Energy Nanotech Fuel Cells for Mobiles
Laptops
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Nanotechnology for Mobile Phones
The next Generation a Nanotech Mobile
Source LUX-Research
back
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
Carbon Nanotubes Secret nanotech-weapon at the
Tour de France

• total weight lt1kg
• the bottom bracket threading is the only alloy
  part on this frame
• no requirement for machining after production

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Nanotechnology for Fun New Nanomaterials
Composites for Cars Sports Equipment
Aerogel Footwarmers

• From Spacesuits to Snowsuits Aspens Aerogels is
  the best Insulation in the Universe
• Maximum Insulation, Minimum Weight and Thickness
• Reduce Thickness, Increase Fashion and Design
  Elements
• No Loss of Performance Under Load
• Material Durability in Normal Wash/Dry Cycle
• Virtually No Loft Required

http//www.aerogel.com
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Nanotechnology saves Lives Incurable Cancer can
be defeated with Nanotechnology
Phase II clinical trial for Nanotech Drugs

• no radiation damage of
• healthy tissue
• mean tumour regression of 80
• complete regression for tumours
• lt 4.2ml in size

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Nanotechnology saves Lives Incurable Cancer can
be defeated with Nanotechnology
MagForce for inoperable Tumours

• superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are
  directly instilled into a tumour
• an alternating magnetic field activates the
  nanoparticles, stimulating them to produce heat
• No damage of healthy tissue
• Good operability

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Nanotechnology is healthy Medical and Surgical
Tools enables by Nanotechnology
Insulin injection without needle
NanoPump? technology (developed by NanoPass?)
assures

• Easy and painless injection of large-molecule
  vaccines
• Needles do not break into the skin
• Avoidance of tissue damage and clogging

NanoPump Hundreds of tiny, hollow pyramids, are
set, barely detectable by the naked eye.
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Nanotechnology is healthy Medical and Surgical
Tools enables by Nanotechnology
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Nanotechnology is healthy Point-of-care
improved by Nanotechnology
Antimicrobial wound dressing
http//wound.smith-nephew.com/
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Nanotechnology is healthy Transdermal drug
delivery improved by nanotechnology

• NanoCyte uses a sophisticated high-pressure
  injection system developed by sea life
• natural microcapsules are extracted from aquatic
  invertebrate.
• upon activation of the capsuled, a coiled
  nano-tube unfolds and penetrates the skin to
  deliver the drug efficiently within a fraction of
  a second.

www.nano-cyte.com
movie courtesy of Mark Nickmanis, TTP
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Nanotechnology is healthy Skin Cancer Protection
granted by Nanotechnology
back
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Nanotechnology makes beautiful
L'Oréal highest number of patents in
nanotechnology

• L'Oréal reports womens experience
• 80 reported antiwrinkle effectiveness
• 75 said the product was effective in firming skin

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Nanotechnology makes beautiful
Ancient hair blackening (invented by the
Egyptians 4000 years ago) is based on a chemical
reaction that results in lead sulfide (PbS)
nanoparticles.
http//www.grecian-formula.com/ Walter et al.,
NanoLett (2006).
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Nanotechnology makes beautiful
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Nanotechnology is fashionable
Nanotech-fabrics produced and sold by Nano-Tex?
(since 2001)
Polymer nanostructures are woven into the fibre
to achieve a variety of effects
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Nanotechnology is fashionable
http//textile.2456.com/eng/feature
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Nanotechnology is fashionable
The umbrella that doesnt get wet in the rain
or dirty, either.
http//www.proidee.co.uk/shop
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Science Fiction in 1966
Can nanotechnology make it Science Fact now?
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Physics on the Nanometre-Scale
No smooth continuous medium in which to swim
The scenic view through the porthole
PLUS Friction and sticking (stiction) prevent
any form of directed movement.
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Physics on the Nanometre-Scale
No light could be used to illuminate the scene
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Physics on the Nanometre-Scale
Communication with the outside world is tricky
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Thank you! further reading