SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SPORT

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CHAPTER 2

• SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF SPORT

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Common sense is the collection of prejudices
acquired by age eighteen. Albert Einstein
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Sociological Theory

• Sociological theory is the foundation of the
  discipline of sociology in general, and its
  particular understanding of sport and physical
  activity in sport sociology

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Theories

• structural functionalism
• conflict theory
• symbolic interactionism
• critical social theories

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SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY GENERAL THEMES AND
HISTORICAL CONTEXTS
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Events That Lay the Foundation of Sociology

• democratic revolutions
• industrial revolution

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sociology emerged to consider two main questions
or issues.

• issue of social problems
• question of community, authority, and tradition

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C. Wright Mills (1959)

• Mills describes the sociological imagination
  as the ability to link general social issues with
  everyday life and personal problems.

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Static state versus Dynamic state
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Structural Functionalism

• views society as a complex system in which
• all of the different elements of its structure
  work to promote stability and solidarity within
  that system

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Sport and Functionalism

• functions to develop group bonds
• integrate people into societys dominant values
• acts as a significant agent of socialization
• functions as positive entertainment
• deter youth and others from deviant and
  antisocial behaviour
• construction of a common sense of nationhood.

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Structural Functionalism- the decline

• criticism of the internal logic of the theory an
  inherent logical tautologya circular argument
  that does not have any real meaning
• functionalism overstates the positive components
  of society.
• Kingsley Davis and Wilbert Moore (1945), that
  class inequalities are inevitable

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KARL MARX AND CONFLICT THEORY

• economic conditions
• social conflict

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Important works by Karl Marx (181883)

• The Communist Manifesto
• Capital

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Differences

• structural functionalism sees a smoothly
  operating, coordinated, and stable system
• conflict theory sees constant power, inequality,
  and change

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Dahrendorf

• Every society is subjected at every moment to
  change
• Every society experiences at every moment social
  conflict
• Every element in a society contributes to its
  change.
• Every society rests on constraint of some of its
  members by others.

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Sports Role in Society

• First, how does sport contribute to or reinforce
  class and other power structures in society?
• How do conflict and change occur within sporting
  organizations and practices?
• Is sport an institutional form through which
  capitalist class inequalities are reproduced?

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SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

• Microsociology
• Macrosociology

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Sports Studies Themes

• Socialization
• Subcultures

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Sport Socialization

• Socialization into sport means the active process
  of learning sports rules, codes, values, and
  norms.
• Socialization through sport, on the other hand,
  refers to the lessons that are learned from sport
  that have some application to wider society

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CRITICAL SOCIAL THEORIES

• cultural studies
• feminist studies
• critical race studies.

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Hegemony