Bloody Parts

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Bloody Parts

• Immune System

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Dorset farmer, Benjamin Jesty, had successfully
induced immunity in his wife and two children
with cowpox during a smallpox epidemic in 1774,
but it was not until Jenner's work some twenty
years later that the procedure became widely
understood. Indeed it is generally believed that
Jenner was unaware of Jesty's success and arrived
at his conclusions independently. Noting that
milkmaids did not generally get smallpox, Jenner
theorized that the pus in the blisters which
milkmaids received from cowpox (a disease similar
to smallpox, but much less virulent) protected
the milkmaids from smallpox. On May 14, 1796,
Jenner tested his theory by inoculating James
Phipps, a young boy of 8 years old, with material
from the cowpox blisters of the hand of Sarah
Nelmes, a milkmaid who had caught cowpox from a
cow called Blossom3. Phipps was the 17th case
described in Jenner's first paper on vaccination.
Edward Jenner
Jenner inoculated Phipps with cowpox pus in both
arms on one day, by scraping the pus from Nelmes'
blisters onto a piece of wood then transferring
this to Phipps' arms. This produced a fever and
some uneasiness but no great illness. Later, he
injected Phipps with variolous material, which
would have been the routine attempt to produce
immunity at that time. No disease followed.
Jenner reported that later the boy was again
challenged with variolacious material and again
showed no sign of infection.
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Pasteur
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Phagocytes around foreign particle
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Paul Ehrlichs side chain theory, 1900
Borrowed from ???? Idea of enzyme-substrate
bonding?
Emil Fischer!!
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Rotaviruscauses infant diarrhea
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Pseudomonas and macrophages
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Filaria (causes elephantitis) and macrophages
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Ag-presenting macrophage
T-cell
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A macrophage interacting with bacteria
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B cell differentiation after Ag encounter
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Diagram of a x-section of the thymus
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Lymphatic system
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Structure of a Lymph Node
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Spleen
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Intestinal mucous membrane x-section
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endocytosis
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Evolution of lymphoid tissues