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New England Colonies

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Title: New England Colonies


1
New England Colonies
2
Maryland
  • 1634 Named for Queen Henrietta Maria, and
    granted to Lord Baltimore
  • The 1st proprietary colony owned by an
    individual rather than a joint-stock company or a
    king
  • Actually wanted the colony to be a refuge for
    Catholics

3
Maryland
  • Charter establishing the colony gave the
    proprietor same kind of rights to set up the
    colony as he wished as the king would have, with
    the one stipulation that laws had to be in
    accordance with English laws.
  • Maryland set up a legislative body in 1635, which
    had 2 houses by 1650

4
Plymouth (Massachusetts)
  • Settled by the Leyden Separatists, a very strict
    sect of Puritans. Known to us as the Pilgrims.
  • They didnt actually land where they had been
    granted the right to settle.
  • Wrote and signed the Mayflower Compact which said
    that they would form a government and abide by
    its laws.

5
Mayflower Compact
6
Plymouth
  • 1620 Colony was founded by 102 men, women, and
    children, including both the Puritans and those
    who manned the ship.
  • Nearly half of the colonists had died by the
    spring.
  • They formed an alliance with local Indians, which
    helped them survive.

7
Plymouth
  • 1621 The colonists and Indians gathered to
    celebrate the 1st harvest, which became what we
    know as Thanksgiving.
  • Plymouth remained unique in being completely
    self-controlled until it became part of the
    Massachusetts colony in 1691.

8
Massachusetts Bay
  • Rest of the area was settled by Puritans, but
    this group did not believe in complete separation
    from the Church of England, as the Pilgrims did.
  • 1628 Puritans received a land grant from the
    Council for New England, forming the New England
    Company.

9
Massachusetts Bay
  • 1629 Renamed the company the Massachusetts Bay
    Company with a new charter by Charles I.
  • Unique in that the usual provision stating the
    companys home base had to be in England was left
    out the company was completely controlled and
    operated in the colony itself.

10
Massachusetts Bay
  • The colony desired to be a city upon a hill or
    a Model of Christian Charity
  • The colony quickly grew with an influx of Puritan
    and non-Puritan settlers, and Boston became the
    capital and largest city.
  • Many of the new settlers were part of the Great
    Migration.

11
Massachusetts Bay
  • The government of the colony evolved over time,
    eventually settling into a representative body
    with 2 houses that roughly equaled the houses of
    Parliament.
  • Voters were those who were members of the church,
    rather than stock holders.

12
Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
  • Founded by people who disagreed with the
    religions of other areas.
  • Roger Williams believed in complete separation of
    church state and established the town of
    Providence.
  • Ann Hutchison questioned the idea of being saved
    by works and settled near Portsmouth.

13
Connecticut
  • Founded in 1633 by Puritans from Plymouth other
    congregations from Massachusetts soon increased
    the colonys size.
  • Their Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was a
    series of laws governing the group, and not
    limiting voting to church members.

14
New Hampshire Maine
  • 1629 Sir Ferdinando Gorges founded Maine and
    his associate Captain John Mason founded New
    Hampshire.
  • Ambiguous specifications as to boundaries allowed
    Massachusetts to take over both areas in the
    1640s.
  • 1679 New Hampshire became a royal colony and
    Maine was bought by Massachusetts.

15
Churches of New England
  • Most of the colonists were Puritans were not as
    dour and colorless as we may believe. Believed
    in moderation in all things, except piety.
  • Many among the Puritans had no religion at all,
    but that was largely tolerated.

16
Agriculture in New England
  • Most of the soil in New England was rocky and not
    suited for anything more than a family garden.
  • In addition, due to the short summers, limited
    crops could be grown.
  • A lack of large farms meant that there was little
    need for untrained indentured servants or slaves.

17
Industry/Commerce in New England
  • Large coasts and plentiful bays led to a wealth
    of fishing and related jobs.
  • Shipbuilding, both for industry and commerce,
    grew.
  • Lumber thus also became an important source of
    revenue.
  • A variety of craftsmen needed to make metal items
    were able to prosper.

18
Industry/Commerce in New England
  • Skilled workers were needed.
  • This area became an integral part of the trade
    with Europe and Africa, which developed into the
    triangular trade, more of a easy connection
    than a set of routes.

19
Triangular Trade
20
Education in New England
  • There were often small, private schools, largely
    for the boys.
  • Sometimes girls were schooled in private homes by
    Dames, so these were known as Dame schools.
  • The New England Primer became the most widely
    used textbook in colonial America.

21
Education in New England
  • Many of the universities we know today were
    started in colonial times, such as Harvard and
    Princeton.
  • Apprenticeships were a common education for boys
    working under the authority of a master
    craftsman in order to learn a trade.

22
Middle Colonies
23
New York
  • First settled by the Dutch and named New
    Netherlands
  • Area was taken by force by the English, but Dutch
    influences remained in many of the names of
    places, family names, and legends

24
New Jersey
  • Founded by Sir George Carteret and Lord John
    Berkeley
  • Largely settled by Dutch at first, but those
    unhappy with the rules of other colonies soon came

25
Pennsylvania
  • Founded by William Penn and named for his father,
    Admiral Sir William Penn
  • Became a haven for the Quakers, or Society of
    Friends
  • Soon became a refuge for others not welcome
    elsewhere due to beliefs

26
Delaware
  • Was originally part of Pennsylvania
  • 1701 allowed to choose its own assembly, which
    was separate from Pennsylvanias, but had the
    same governor
  • Wasnt truly a separate colony until the time of
    the American Revolution

27
Churches in the Middle Colonies
  • Most of the churches here were congregational
  • There was a large number of different
    denominations
  • Moravians were a common group and wrote the 1st
    classical music composed in the Americas

28
Agriculture in the Middle Colonies
  • This area was called the bread basket due to
    its fertile soil and ability to grow grains of
    all varieties
  • Flax was grown for clothing
  • A variety of animals were also raised

29
Industry/Commerce in the Middle Colonies
  • Due to their lying between the New England
    colonies and the Southern colonies, you find here
    a mix of industry and farming
  • Trade with England was plentiful here as well

30
Education in the Middle Colonies
  • Again, a mix of the types of schools found north
    and south of the region
  • Many more of our earliest universities were
    founded in this area at the time, such as William
    Mary

31
Southern Colonies
32
North Carolina
  • Originally called Albemarle, this area was
    settled by stragglers from Virginia
  • Area was granted to 8 English noblemen by King
    Charles II, who became Lords Proprietors of the
    region
  • 1st actual town was founded by French Huguenots

33
South Carolina
  • Region also controlled by the 8 Lords Proprietors
  • This area was more desired due to better ports
  • Its governing document was drawn up in part by
    the philosopher John Locke, and allowed absolute
    religious toleration

34
The Carolinas
  • South Carolina became a royal colony in 1719
  • North Carolina was taken over by the king in 1739

35
Georgia
  • Founded as a buffer against the Indians of
    Florida
  • Also was an experiment in social reform was to
    be a refuge for the poor and persecuted
  • Provided a buffer, but restrictions on land and
    commerce led to its demise as an experiment
    became a royal colony

36
Churches in the Southern Colonies
  • Despite the efforts of colonies to offer refuge
    and be tolerant, Anglicanism became the official
    church of the colonies after a time
  • Even non-members paid taxes to the Anglican church

37
Agriculture in the Southern Colonies
  • An abundance of land and a short supply of
    colonists created large land tracts in the south,
    which often ended up being worked by cheap labor
    such as indentured servants and slaves
  • Tobacco grew well in the region and soon became
    its cash crop

38
Agriculture in the Southern Colonies
  • As tobacco exhausted the soil, some farmers were
    content to rotate other replenishing crops such
    as beans or corn, while others instead sought out
    new land to continue growing more tobacco for its
    profitability

39
Education in the Southern Colonies
  • Private schools were not very common
  • Old Field schools were sometimes seen

40
Colonial Life
41
Ethnic Groups
  • English
  • Scots-Irish
  • Germans
  • French
  • Irish
  • Dutch
  • Welsh, Swiss, Swedes

42
Large Colonial Cities
  • Philadelphia
  • Boston
  • New York

43
Colonial Exports
  • Wheat
  • Rice
  • Dried fish
  • Lumber
  • Tobacco
  • Furs
  • Rum

44
Colonial Imports
  • Manufactured goods
  • Sugar
  • Fruit
  • Molasses
  • Slaves

45
Transportation
  • Roads were very poor
  • Rivers were used more often
  • Post roads began to be built to deliver the mail,
    but they were often deeply rutted

46
Recreation
  • Quilting bees
  • Corn huskings
  • Barn raisings
  • Church services
  • Weddings
  • Elections
  • Fairs

47
Colonial Social Classes
  • Aristocracy wealthy
  • Middle class workers
  • Servants, slaves, and farmers

48
Colonial Education
  • In colonial times, about 1/3 of English adults
    could read
  • In contrast, 2/3 of American colonists at the
    same time could read
  • Harvard, William Mary, Princeton, Brown,
    Rutgers, Dartmouth, Columbia, and Philadelphia
    Universities were all founded in colonial times

49
Colonial Government
  • Royal owned by the king and subject to all his
    whims
  • Proprietary owned by an individual and subject
    to his whims
  • Self-governing colonists decided on and formed
    a government to their liking
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