The Seven Years War

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The Seven Years War
How did this
Become this?
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The Seven Years War

• From 1754 to 1763 Great Britain and France
  _______ for _______ of the _______ _______
  _______.
• In North America it was called theFrench and
  Indian War.
• Beginning in 1756 it spread from North America to
  world wide proportions and became known as The
  Seven Years War.

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The Seven Years War

• What were the causes of the war?
• What were the major occurrences during the war?
• What were the effects, long and short term, of
  the war?
• What developed as a result of the effects of the
  war?

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The Seven Years War
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The Seven Years War
The Wars Between France and England from 1689 to
1750 King Williams War (League of Augsburg)
1689-1697 Began in 1688 when France invaded the
Palatinate (an area of Germany) in support of
Louis XIVs sister. Originally fought between
France and The League of Augsburg (Austria,
Bavaria, Brandenburg, England, the Holy Roman
Empire, the Netherlands, the Palatinate of the
Rhine, Portugal, Saxony, Spain, Sweden, and the
United Provinces.) England joined the war in 1689
when William of Orange, who dispossessed James II
(his father in law) and the League became known
as the Grand Alliance. Queen Annes War (War of
Spanish Succession) 1702-1713 Began when the last
Spanish Hapsburg left his estate to Louis XIVs
grandson. Leopold I of the Holy Roman Empire
fought to protect his claims against the
inheritance. France and Spain against the Holy
Roman Empire, the United Provinces, England and
others. King Georges War (War of Austrian
Succession) 1745-1748 Began when Maria Theresa of
Austria succeeded her father and Frederick II of
Prussia invaded Silesia. Fought between Austria,
Bohemia, Russia Great Britain and Prussia,
France, Spain, Bavaria Sweden
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The Seven Years War
The Three Phases of the War

• 1753 to 1756

• 1756 to 1757

• 1758 to 1763

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The Seven Years War
Important Events of 1753 - 1754 The French move
into the ____ _____ area when they hear reports
of English traders entering the area. The English
respond and are __________ __________. At the
______ Congress, a Plan of Unification is
constructed and sent out but fails to gain
approval of a single colonial assembly. The
Indian tribes align with the ______ against the
_______.
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The Seven Years War1753 1754
In response Britain moved to establish its
presence in the area. Both Pennsylvania and
Virginia were playing and being played by the
Indians of the area against one another. Gov.
Dinwiddie of Virginia sends a force to the Forks
in April 1754 and work begins on an English fort
there. The French force the English to
retreat. Construction of Fort Necessity begins.
As early as 1749, French forces penetrated to the
confluence of the Alleghany and Monongahela
Rivers (called The Forks of the Ohio or simply
The Forks). In 1753 the French established
forts Presque Island, La Boeuf an Marchault
(Venango. The French planned to build a fort at
the Forks in 1754.
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The Seven Years War1753 1754

• Robert Dinwiddie
• Lt. Governor of Virginia 1751-58.
• Requires that Virginia pay a _______ tax
  although his right, no prior officials had
  enforced this act and this leads to resentment
  and bitter feeling toward him (Anderson p. 40).
• The _______ Company makes Dinwiddie a share
  holder (Anderson p. 30).
• Threatened by the French presence, begins
  construction at the Forks.
• He sends messages to all the colonies regarding
  the confrontations in the west and asking them
  for their assistance should it become necessary.
• Prior to calling the House of Burgess into
  assembly Dinwiddie makes war preparations and
  then expects the Burgess to ______ the _______.

During the seven years of Dinwiddie's term he was
a staunch advocate of the authority of Great
Britain over the colonies. He has been called the
"Grandfather of the American Revolution" because
of his patronage of George Washington, but he was
not and never became a supporter of colonial
rights.
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The Seven Years War1753 1754
The Albany Congress The Albany Congress met in
Albany from June 19 to July 11, 1754. Holding
daily meetings at the City Hall, official
delegates from seven colonies considered
strategies for Indian diplomacy and put forth the
so-called Albany Plan of Union. The Mohawks and
other Native groups were represented at the
meetings as well.
Albany Plan of Union 1754 It is proposed that
humble application be made for an act of
Parliament of Great Britain, by virtue of which
one general government may be formed in America,
including all the said colonies, within and under
which government each colony may retain its
present constitution, except in the particulars
wherein a change may be directed by the said act,
as hereafter follows.
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The Seven Years War
Important Events of 1755 The French suffer defeat
at Fort Beausejour The French install Vaudreuil
as governor of New France Braddock takes over as
commander in chief in the British
colonies Braddock marches on the French at the
Forks and is defeated Shirley marches on Niagara
and is defeated Initial skirmishes in the Lake
George area (Johnson wins at Lake George but is
defeated at Crown Point. The British expel the
Acadians
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The Seven Years War1755
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The Seven Years War1755
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The Seven Years War
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The Seven Years WarResults
France relinquished any and all control of any
colonies on North America including
________. Spain, who had entered the war as
Frances ally, ceded ________ to England. France
signed _____________ over to Spain. Britain was
firmly in control of the North American continent
east of the _______________ __________. The
American Indians could no longer play the middle
man pitting the French against the
English. English colonists saw the west as ______
and began to push into the new land despite the
aims and goals of British policy makers.
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The Seven Years WarConsequences
Britain was firmly in control of the North
American continent east of the Mississippi
River. Both France and England had amassed
__________ __________. England passed many new
____ and ___ in an attempt to raise revenue to
pay off their debt most directly impacted the
________ ________ ________. England saw the
colonies as __________ at best and __________
at worst.
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British Expansion - 1776
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The Seven Years WarReactions
England saw the colonies as unappreciative at
best and disloyal at worst. Colonists had often
refused to follow English officers into battle.
British officers held the colonials in low regard
and did not consider them to have any will to
fight. New England shipping companies had
continued to _____ with the French in the West
Indies they were seen as more interested in
profit than ______. Colonial congresses and
assemblies had been reluctant to levy taxes on
the colonists but gladly accept funds from the
Royal Treasury this led the government to enact
means by which they could recoup some of the cost
of the war. These reactions led to resentment on
the part of the home islands who felt the war had
been fought largely for the _______ of the
___________.
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The Seven Years WarReactions

• The colonists viewed the same events much
  differently.
• With the French gone and the threat removed, the
  colonists did not feel there was a need for the
  ________ ________ of British regulars in their
  cities and towns.
• The colonists felt they had, in effect, put their
  lives on hold to fight the war with it over,
  they turn back to personal concerns rather than
  those of the crown.
• A ______ ______ was slowly beginning to emerge
  in which the colonists no longer pictured
  themselves as English.
• Many colonial volunteers resented the
  condescending attitude displayed by their
  betters the regular offices during the war.
• Merchants could not understand why they had to
  conform to the wishes and desires of the home
  islands what was wrong with private profit?

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The Seven Years WarEffects

• Despite the joy of victory, rifts began to appear
  in the relationship between the ______ __________
  and the __________.
• The crown began to __________ __________ and
  raise revenue to pay for the war.
• As control tightened and taxes were raised,
  __________ toward the crown built in the
  colonies.
• The rift would eventually become so wide that the
  two would drift further and further apart.
• Eventually these reactions led to the colonies
  declaring their independence and thus England
  would loose much of what it gained during the
  war.
• France, seeing a chance to ____ the _____ with
  England, would come to the aid of the colonists
  during their war for independence.
• France too would suffer a __________ an
  internal bloody revolution as the peasantry
  rebelled against the _____ levied on them for the
  Seven Years War and the aid provided to the
  American colonies.