Omentin: a novel depotspecific adipocytokine in human adipose tissue

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Omentin a novel depot-specific adipocytokine in
human adipose tissue
Explorations in Science Research Awareness
Program
Celia Maria de Souza Batista, M.S. Graduate
Program in Physiology School of Medicine April 4,
2007
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Whats Science for me?
Self-sacrifice
Courage
Innovation
Evolution
Nourishment
Creativity
Energy
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Whats Obesity?
?
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Obesity Is Caused by Long-Term Positive Energy
Balance
FatStores
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Obesity Definition and Causes

• Imbalance between energy intake and expenditure
• Environmental conditions
• ? food availability
• ? habits
• ? physical activities/
• sedentary life style
• Genetic factors

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The Etiology of Obesity
Nature
Nurture
VS
Genes
Environment
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Genetic Background Modulates Obesity
Adapted from Hofbauer, 2002.
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Obesity is usually measured as body mass index
(BMI)
Weight (kg) Height2 (m)
Weight (lbs) X 703 Height2 (in)
BMI

World Health Organization, 1998
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Health Effects of Obesity

• Risk factor for Type II Diabetes and
  Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)
• Metabolic Syndrome hypertension, insulin
  resistance, and dyslipidemias (high levels of
  cholesterol, TGL, LDL, and low levels of HDL)
• US 20-25 adults with metabolic syndrome

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Prevalence of Obesity and Diabetes by Age
Age Groups
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Trends in Overweight for Children and Teenagers
(BMI 95th percentile) United States
1963-67
1971-74
1976-80
1988-94
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10
Prevalence ()
5
0
Boys 6-11
Girls 6-11
Boys 12-19
Girls 12-19
Years old (age groups)
SOURCE CDC/NCHSNHES Ii, NHES III, NHANES I,
NHANES II, NHANES III
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TIME August 25, 2003
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I did it to my self (with the help or not of my
genes)!
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Adipose Tissue is an Endocrine Organ!!!
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Adipokines (adipose hormones) and other key
secretory products produced by fat cells.
LEPTIN ADIPONECTIN INTERLEUKIN-6
Angpt4/PGAR/FIAF SAA2
Cortisol(11betaHSD)
Retinol Binding Protein
Angiotensinogen
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Adipokines are also produced by non-adipose cells
within adipose tissue.
LEPTIN ADIPONECTIN INTERLEUKIN-6
Interleukin-8
TNF-ALPHA
Angpt4/PGAR/FIAF Serum Amyloid A
Visfatin
Cortisol(11betaHSD)
Omentin
Angiotensinogen
PAI-1
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OBESITY-DEPENDENT INSULIN RESISTANCE
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Omentin a novel depot-specific adipocytokine in
human adipose tissue

• It is a protein expressed and secreted from
  visceral but not subcutaneous adipose tissue.
• It increases insulin sensitivity in human
  adipocytes.
• There are two forms of omentin omentin 1 and
  omentin 2.
• Omentin plasma levels and gene expression are
  decreased in obesity.
• Decreased omentin levels are associated with
  increasing obesity and insulin resistance.
• Omentin levels may be predictive of the metabolic
  consequences or co-morbidities associated with
  obesity.

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Omentin Levels in Human Plasma

• Subjects
• ? 94 healthy nondiabetic volunteers
• Amish Family Diabetes Study (AFDS)
• ? Organized in sib pairs (relatives)
• same gender
• age (1-5 years of interval)
• BMI (discordant pairs 3-12 kg/m2)

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Omentin Levels in Human Plasma Western Blotting
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Females have higher omentin plasma levels than
males.
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Omentin plasma levels are decreased in obesity.
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Omentin gene expression levels are decreased in
obesity.
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How Do We Cure Obesity?
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DIET
Comparison of diet efficacy and risk
reductionWEIGHT LOSS at ONE YEAR

• Kg Loss
• ATKINS (Low CHO) -2.1
• ZONE (high protein/low glycemic load) -3.2
• ORNISH (very low fat) -3.3
• Weight Watchers (low cal/portions) -3.0

Biggest weight loss at 6 months
Dansinger, M.L., JAMA 29343-53, 2005 (January
5, 2005)
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EXERCISE
Fatness, Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease
Mortality
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Aerobically fit Unfit
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6
5
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Relative Risk of CVD Mortality
3
2
1
0
Leanlt16.7
Normal16.7-24.9
Obesegt25
Body Fat Category ( Weight as Fat)
Lee et al. Am J Clin Nutr 199969373.
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OBESITY SURGERY
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THANK YOU! ?