EFDC Modeling Workshop HydroQual, Inc' September 25, 2002

1
EFDC Modeling WorkshopHydroQual, Inc.September
25, 2002
2
Agenda

• EFDC Modeling Framework
• EFDC Modules and Solution Techniques
• Code Structure
• Model Configuration and Input
• Model Output and Post-Processing
• Coupling with HSPF and FCM
• ZZ/DS Modifications
• Hands On Test Cases
• Support for Housatonic

3
ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID DYNAMICS CODE

• The EFDC Model Is a Public Domain Surface Water
  Modeling System Incorporating Fully Integrated
  Hydrodynamic, Water Quality and
  Sediment-Contaminant Simulation Capabilities
• EFDC Is Extremely Versatile and Can Be Used for
  1, 2, or 3-Dimensional Simulation of Rivers,
  Lakes, Estuaries, Coastal Regions and Wetlands
• The Single Source Code Implementation Eliminates
  the Need for Linking Multiple Models to Arrive at
  an Effective Modeling Solution

4
EFDC Development History

• Developed at Virginia Institute of Marine Science
  with Primary Support from State of Virginia
• Presently Maintained by Tetra Tech, Inc. with
  Ongoing Development Support from the US EPA
  Office of Science and Technology
• Currently used by Federal, State and Local
  Agencies, Consultants and Universities

5
EFDC CAPABILITIES

• Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamics with Coupled
  Salinity and Temperature Transport
• Directly Coupled Water Quality-Eutrophication
  Model
• Directly Coupled Sediment and Toxic Contaminated
  Transport and Fate Model
• Integrated Near-field Mixing Zone Model
• Preprocessing Software for Grid Generation and
  Input File Creation
• Postprocessing Software for Analysis, Graphic and
  Visualization
• Track Record for Surface Water Applications

6
EFDC APPLICATIONS

• Rivers - Aberjona (MA), Blackstone (MA),
  Chattahoochee (GA), Charles (MA), Duwamish (WA),
  Christina (DE), Yazoo (MS), Housatonic (MA), Los
  Angeles (CA)
• Lakes - Lake Okeechobee (FL), Conowingo Reservoir
  (MD), Ten Killer (OK)
• Wetlands - South Florida Water Conservation
  Areas, Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas
• Estuaries - Chesapeake Bay, James River (VA),
  York River (VA), Potomac River (MD), Peconic Bays
  (NY), Indian River Lagoon (FL), Puget Sound, San
  Francisco Bay, Morro Bay (CA), Mobile Bay (AL),
  Neuse River (NC), Cape Fear (NC)

7
EFDC APPLICATIONS

• Coastal Regions - Atlantic Shelf (NC), Florida
  Bay, Vero Beach (FL), Western Australian Shelf,
  Nan Wan Bay (Taiwan), Arabian Gulf, Wadden Sea
  (Germany), St. Louis Bay (MS), Santa Monica Bay
  (CA)

8
EFDC HYDRODYNAMICS

• Three-Dimensional with 2-D and 1-D Options
• Boundary Fitted Curvilinear Grid
• Sigma Vertical Grid
• Includes M-Y Turbulence Closure Model
• Highly Efficient Two or Three Time-Level
  Semi-Implicit Solution
• Central or Upwind Momentum Advection
• MPDATA and COSMIC Scalar Advection Schemes

9
EFDC HYDRODYNAMICS

• Drying and Wetting of Shallow Regions (Two-Time
  Level Solver)
• 1-D Channel Network Option Using HEC Type Cross
  Section Data
• Embedded Narrow Channels in Larger Scale Grid
  Cells
• Hydraulic Control Structures
• Wave Boundary Layers and Wave Induced Currents
• Embedded Lagrangian Plume Model

10
(No Transcript)
11
EFDC ECOM Hydrodynamic

• Same Equation Formulation
• EFDC (3tl) semi-implicit same time step for
  internal and external modes
• EFDC (2tl) very similar to ECOM-SI
• Horizontal Coordinates U west face, V south face
  for horizontal cell index (I,J)
• Sigma Coordinate
• EFDC 0 at bed, 1 at free surface, K1 at above
  bed layer
• ECOM -1 at bed, 0 at free surface, K1 at below
  free surface layer

12
EFDC NEAR-FIELD MIXING

• Embedded Near-field Mixing Submodel
• Represents Outfalls as Buoyant Jets
• Capabilities Similar to CORMIX
• Updates Multiple Sources Under Varying Ambient
  Conditions
• Directly Coupled to Far Field WQ and
  Sediment-Toxics Sub-models

13
EFDC SEDIMENT AND TOXICS TRANSPORT

• Multiple Size Classes of Cohesive and Noncohesive
  Sediment
• Suspended and Bed Load Transport
• Sediment Bed Geomechanics with Noncohesive
  Sediment Armoring and Cohesive Sediment
  Consolidation
• Can Be Coupled with Spectral Wave Model for Wave
  Induced Resuspension
• Simulates Water Column and Bed Heavy Metal and
  Toxic Organic Compounds
• Equilibrium Partitioning and Reactions

14
EFDC Sediment Transport Approach

• Multiple Size Classes of Noncohesive and Cohesive
  Sediment
• Modular Approach for Parameterizing Settling,
  Deposition, and Erosion Processes
• User Can Selects form a Variety of Available
  Process Parameterizations
• Additional Process Parameterizations Are Readily
  Incorporated into Code via Process Functions

15
Sediment-Contaminant Transport Equation Solution

• Fractional Step Solution
• Flow Advection Step
• Settling, Bed Exchange, and Bed Geomechanics
• Vertical Diffusion
• MPDATA and COSMIC Schemes Used for Flow Advection
• Implicit Settling and Vertical Diffusion Scheme

16
(No Transcript)
17
(No Transcript)
18
Sediment Settling

• User Defined Noncohesive Settling or Van Rijn
  Equations
• Optional Hindered Settling of Noncohesive
  Sediment
• User Defined or Concentration and Shear (or
  Stress) Dependent Settling of Cohesive Sediment
• Options Based on Work of Krone, Mehta, Lick and
  Co-Workers, Ziegler, Shrestha

19
(No Transcript)
20
Noncohesive SedimentBed Exchange

• Based on Equilibrium Bottom Layer Sediment
  Concentration and Exchange Coefficient
• Equilibrium Bottom Layer Concentration Dependent
  on Reference Level Concentration
• Exchange Coefficient Dependent on Settling
  Velocity and Shear Velocity

21
(No Transcript)
22
Noncohesive Sediment Bed Exchange

• Options for Determining the Reference Level
  Concentration Seq Include Expression by
• Van Rijn, Smith and McLean, Garcia and Parker
  (GP includes direct representation of armoring)
• Base Settling Velocities and Shields Parameters
  Required in the Above Can Be User Specified or
  Determined Using Expressions Given by Van Rijn

23
Noncohesive Bed ExchangeEFDC - ECOMSed

• Multiple Options in EFDC for Equilibrium Sediment
  Concentration
• ECOMSed uses Van Rijn (?)
• Formulations for Armoring Differ (?)

24
Cohesive Sediment Deposition

• Deposition Given by Standard Probability of
  Deposition Function Based on Critical Stress for
  Deposition
• If Anyone Has Something Better, We Will Put It
  Into the Code!

25
(No Transcript)
26
Cohesive Sediment Erosion

• Bulk Erosion to Depth in Bed where Bed Stress
  Exceeds Shear Strength of Bed
• Shear Strength Dependent on Bed Bulk Density and
  Bed Sediment Composition
• Surface Erosion Based on Erosion Rate Parameter
  and Critical Stress for Erosion - Both Could
  Depend on Bed Shear Strength or Bulk Density and
  Bed Sediment Composition
• Got Something Better, We Will Put It Into the
  Code!

27
(No Transcript)
28
(No Transcript)
29
Cohesive Sediment ErosionEFDC - ECOMSed

• EFDC User Specified Constant Erosion Rate and
  Critical Stresses for Deposition and Erosion or
  Functional Forms Based on Bed Shear Strength
• ECOMSed Ziegler and Lick Formulations Based on
  Field/Laboratory Observations
• ZZ/DS Was to Incorporate Option into EFDC to Use
  Sed Flume Data (?)

30
Bed Load Transport

• Generalized Bagnold, Meyer-Peter Mueller,
  Englund-Hansen, Simplified Einstein Function, and
  Van Rijns Formulation
• Enguland-Hansen Includes Direct Representation of
  Armoring
• Automatic Switching Between Bed Load and
  Suspended Load

31
(No Transcript)
32
Bed Geomechanics

• Multiple Layer Bed With Mixed Sediment Classes
• Bed Layers Added or Removed Using a Lagrangian
  Type Representation
• Top Two Layers Have Time Variable Sediment and
  Water Mass
• Lower Layers Have Constant Sediment Mass and Time
  Variable Water Mass

33
Bed Geomechanics

• Fractional Step Solution
• Depostion and Resuspension
• Armoring (Move Sediment Between the Top or Active
  Layer and the 2nd to Top or Parent Layer)
• Consolidation
• Deposition-Resuspension Exchange Between Top
  Layer and Water Column
• Armoring (Optional) Top Two Layers Treated by
  Active-Parent Formulation
• Consolidation (Optional) Updates Void Ratio and
  Calculates Pore Water Advection

34
Bed Geomechanics

• Void Ratio of Deposition Sediment Specified
• Consolidation Options
• Constant Void Ratio (Porosity)
• Specified Equilibrium Void Ratio Profile, with
  Conditions at Specific Time Exponentially Relaxed
  to a Specified Equilibrium Profile
• Finite Strain Consolidation Nonlinear
  Consolidation Equation (Diffusion Type). Solution
  Requires Constitutive Relationships Between
  Effective Stress, Hydraulic Conductivity and Void
  Ratio
• Ground Water Flow Can Be Introduced at Bottom of
  Bed

35
Contaminant Transport

• Three Phase Equilibrium Partitioning
• Dissolved in Water
• Sorbed to Dissolved Organic Carbon
• Sorbed to Suspended Sediment and POC
• Optional Sediment Concentration Dependent
  Partitioning
• Water Column Bed Exchange
• Sorbed to Sediment
• Pore Water Advection and Diffusion
• Can Include Groundwater Source at Bottom of
  Sediment Bed

36
Contaminant Transport

• Fractional Step Solution
• Water Column Advection
• Water Column Settling and Bed Exchange
• Pore Water Advection and Diffusion Coupled with
  Bottom Layer of Water Column
• Water Column and Bed Reactions
• Water Column Vertical Diffusion

37
(No Transcript)
38
(No Transcript)
39
EFDC WATER QUALITY-EUTROPHICATION

• Directly Coupled to Hydrodynamics
• Based on CE-QUAL-IC (Chesapeake Bay WQ Model)
  Kinetics
• 21 Water Column State Variables Including
  Multiple Classes of Algae and Organic Carbon,
  Nitrogen and Phosphorous
• Optional 27 State Variable Sediment Diagenesis
  Sub-model
• Reduced Number of State Variable Version
  Equivalent to WASP5

40
(No Transcript)
41
EFDC WQ State Variables

• 1) cyanobacteria
• 2) diatom algae
• 3) green algae
• 4) refractory particulate organic carbon
• 5) labile particulate organic carbon
• 6) dissolved carbon
• 7) refractory part. organic phosphorus
• 8) labile particulate organic phosphorus
• 9) dissolved organic phosphorus
• 10) total phosphate
• 11) refractory part. organic nitrogen

• 12) labile part. organic nitrogen
• 13) dissolved organic nitrogen
• 14) ammonia nitrogen
• 15) nitrate nitrogen
• 16) particulate biogenic silica
• 17) dissolved available silica
• 18) chemical oxygen demand
• 19) dissolved oxygen
• 20) total active metal
• 21) fecal coliform bacteria
• 22) macroalgae

42
EFDC Water Quality Schematic
43
EFDC SEDIMENT DIAGENESIS MODEL

• Developed by DiToro Fitzpatrick for Chesapeake
  Bay Model
• 27 state variables and fluxes
• Three basic processes
• Depositional flux of POM from water column
• Diagenesis (decay) of POM in sediments
• Flux of substances produced by diagenesis
• Benthic sediments represented by 2 layers
• Upper layer can be oxic or anoxic
• Lower layer is always anoxic

44
Sediment Diagensis Model Schematic
45
EFDC Code Structure

• Main Program AAEFDC.for (EFDC)
• Controls Input and Initialization and Launches
  the Main Solver
• Input Subroutine
• INPUT.for
• Initialization Subroutines/Functions Called From
  INPUT.for
• SETSHLD.for sets Shields Parameters for
  Noncohesive Sediment
• CELLMAP.for Maps Horizontal (I,J) Indices to (L)

46
EFDC Code Input Initialization

• Initialization Subroutines/Functions Called From
  AAEFDC.for
• DEPSMTH.for Smoothes Initial Bathymetry
• AINIT.for Initializes Arrays
• SETBCS.for Sets No-Flow and Open Boundary
  Condition Mask
• RESTIN.for Reads Restart Files
• BEDINIT.for Initializes Sediment Bed (Sediment
  and Contaminant Related Variables)

47
EFDC Code Input Initialization

• Initialization Subroutines/Functions Called From
  AAEFDC.for (continued)
• CALBUOY.for Equation of State
• CELLMASK.for Blocks Specified Flow Faces for
  Thin Barriers, etc.
• SALTSMTH.for Smoothes Initial Salinity
  Distribution
• WQ3DINP Controls Input and Initialization of
  Eutrophication Model

48
EFDC Code Solver Options

• Solvers Called from AAEFDC.for
• HDMT.for Three-Time Level 3D Hydrodynamic and
  Mass Transport Solver
• HDMT2T.for Two-Time Level 3D Hydrodynamic and
  Mass Transport Solver
• HDMT1D.for Two-Time Level 1D Channel Network
  Hydrodynamic and Mass Transport Solver (HEC type
  cross section representation)
• LTMT.for Long-Term Mass Transport Using Saved
  Hydrodynamics

49
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Before Time Loop
• WAVEBL.for Initialize Wave-Current Boundary
  Layer
• WAVESX.for Initialize Wave Radiation Stress
• CALTBXY.for Initialize Bottom Stress
• CALHDMF.for Initialize Horizontal Diffusive
  Momentum Flux
• CALTSXY.for Initialize Surface Wind Stress and
  Atmospheric Thermal Conditions
• Surface and Bottom Turbulence Closer Boundary
  Conditions Initialized in HDM2T.for at this point

50
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Within Time Loop
• CALSTEP.for Calculates Optional Dynamic Time
  Step
• BAL2T.for Initialize Optional Mass Balance
• CALAVB.for Calculate Vertical Turbulent
  Viscosity and Diffusivity
• WAVEBL.for Update Wave-Current Boundary Layer
• WAVESXY.for Update Wave Radiation Stress
• CALEXP2T.for Calculate Explicit Terms in
  Momentum Equation (Advection, Horizontal
  Diffusion, and Coriolis-Curvature)

51
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Within Time Loop
• CALCSER.for Calculate New Time Level
  Concentrations Used for OBCs and Inflows
• CALQVS.for Calculate Volume Source and Sinks for
  Inflows and Outflows
• CALPSER.for Calculate OBCs Water Surface
  Elevations if Specified by Time Series
• CALPUV2T.for or CALPUV2C.for Implicit External
  Mode Solve for Water Surface Elev, and Horizontal
  Transports (2T no drying and wetting 2C
  drying and wetting and subgrid channels)

52
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Within Time Loop
• CALTSXY.for Update Surface Wind Stress for
  Implicit Internal Mode
• CALUVW.for Internal Model Solution for Vertical
  Profile of Horizontal Velocity and Vertical
  Velocity
• CALCONC.for Solver for Salinity, Temperature,
  Dye, Sediments and Contaminants
• WQ3D.for Solver for Eutrophication Model
• CALSFT.for Solver of Shell Fish Transport and
  Swimming

53
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Within Time Loop
• CALBUOY.for Update Equation of State
• BAL2T4.for Update Mass Balance
• CALTBXY.for Update Horiz. Mom. Diff.
• CALQQ1.for Solver for M-Y Turbulence Model
  Update Turbulence Intensity and Length Scale
• CALMMT.for Updates Mean Mass Transport Field and
  Writes WASP, CE-QUAL-IC, and RCA Interface Files

54
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Within Time Loop
• TMSR.for Writes to Time Series Files
• DUMP.for Writes to Dump ASCII or Binary Dump
  Files
• VSFP.for Writes Vertical Scalar Profiles
• DRIFTER.for Transports Particle Drifters
• LAGRES.for or GLMRES.for Calculates Lagrangian
  and General Lagrangian Mean Mass Transport
• BAL2T.for Updates Mass Balance

55
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Within Time Loop
• CALHTA.for Simple Harmonic Analysis
• LSQHARM.for General Harmonic Analysis
• OUTPUT.for Printer Output (Obselete)
• SURFPLT.for 2D Surface and Bed Elevation
  Plotting
• VELPLTH.for 2D Horizontal Vector Plotting
• VELPLTV.for 2D Vertical Transect Velocity
  Plotting
• SALPLTH.for 2D Horizontal Scalar Plotting

56
EFDC Code Solver Sequence

• Calls in HDMT2T Within Time Loop
• SALPLTV.for 2D Vertical Transect Scalar Plotting
• OUT3D.for 3D Volumetric Rendering Output
• RESTOUT.for Output for Restarting
• SHOWVAL.for Screen Output
• Time Loop Completed

57
EFDC Code Transport Solver

• Calls in CALCONC.for
• CALTRAN.for Advective Transport
• CALFQS.for Mass Sources and Sinks Associated
  with Volume Sources and Sinks
• CALDIFF.for Horizontal Mass Diffusion
• COSTRAN.for Advective Transport Using COSMIC
• CALTRAN1D.for 1D Advective Transport
• CALHEAT.for Surface Heat Exchange

58
EFDC Code Transport Solver

• Calls in CALCONC.for
• SSEDTOX.for Sediment and Contaminant Settling,
  Bed Exchange and Bed Processes
• Vertical Turbulent Diffusion Directly in
  CALCONC.for
• BAL2T2.for Update Mass Balance
• BAL2T3.for Update Mass Balance

59
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Structure of SSEDTOX.for
• Calculate Sediment Class Volume Fractions
• Calculate Cohesive Sediment Critical Stresses
• Set Bed Stress Due to Flow
• Set Cohesive Settling Velocities
• Cohesive Sediment Settling
• Cohesive Sediment Deposition and Resuspension
  Updates Cohesive Sediment Mass and Water Volume
  in Top Layer of Bed

60
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Structure of SSEDTOX.for (continued)
• Set Noncohesive Armoring Parameters
• Set Noncohesive Shields Parameter
• Set Noncohesive Settling Velocities
• Calculate Bed Load Transport and Associated
  Resuspension and Deposition
• Noncohesive Sediment Settling
• Noncohesive Sediment Deposition and Resuspension
  Updates Nonohesive Sediment Mass and Water
  Volume in Top Layer of Bed

61
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Structure of SSEDTOX.for (continued)
• Update Top Layer Thickness and Void Ratio
• Save Water Entrainment and Explusion Between Top
  Bed Layer and Water Column
• Update Contaminant Phase Distribution
• Calculate Particulate Contaminant Settling Flux
• Calculate Sorbed Contaminant Horizontal Transport
  by Bed Load

62
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Structure of SSEDTOX.for (continued)
• Calculate Particulate Sediment Bed Flux
  Associated with Deposition and Resuspension of
  Suspended Sediment
• Update Bed Layering Adding or Removing Top Layer
  and Combining Two Bottom Layers as Necessary
• Calculate Bed Consolidation and Pore Water
  Advection
• Constant Porosity
• Simple Consolidation
• Finite Strain Consolidation

63
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Structure of SSEDTOX.for (continued)
• Change Bed Morphology in Bed Elevation, Water
  Depth and Water Surface Elevation
• Adjust Water Column Concentration in Response to
  Morphological Coupling
• Update Contaminant Phase Distribution
• Dissolved Contaminant Pore Water Advection and
  Diffusion Couple with Bottom Water Column Layer
• Water Column and Bed Contaminant Reactions

64
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Sediment Processes Function Called in SSEDTOX.for
  
• CSEDRESS.for surface erosion rate of cohesive
  sediment
• CSEDSET.for concentration dependent settling
  velocity of cohesive sediment
• CSEDTARB.for critical shear stress for bulk or
  mass erosion of cohesive sediment
• CSEDTAUS.for critical shear stress for surface
  erosion of cohesive sediment
• CSEDVIS.for kinematic viscosity of fluid mud

65
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Sediment Processes Function Called in SSEDTOX.for
  
• CSNDEQC.for near bed reference concentration for
  noncohesive sediment
• CSNDSET.for hindered settling velocity of
  noncohesive sediment
• CSNDZEQ.for reference height for near bed
  reference noncohesive sediment concentration
• FDSTRSE.for consolidation compression length
  scale as function of void ratio

66
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Sediment Processes Function Called in SSEDTOX.for
  
• FDSTRSE.for consolidation compression length
  scale as function of void ratio
• FHYDCN.for bed hydraulic conductivity as a
  function of void ratio
• FSBDLD.for dimensionless bed transport
  coefficient
• FSEDMODE.for suspended-bed load mode switch

67
EFDC Code Sediment Contaminant Processes

• Sediment Processes Function Called in SSEDTOX.for
  
• FSTRSE.for bed effective stress as function of
  void ratio
• SETSHLD.for sets noncohesive sediment Shields
  parameter
• SETSETVEL.for sets base noncohesive sediment
  settling velocity

68
EFDC Software

• EFDC.F - F77 Source Code
• EFDC.CMN - Common Block Include File
• EFDC.PAR - Parameter Statement Include File

69
EFDC Compilation and Runtime Issues

• Use Split Subs with EFDC.cmn and EFDC.par
• FORTRAN 90/95 Clean Under Most Compilers
• COMPAQ Visual Fortran
• Lahey-Fujitsu F95 Express
• Absoft ProFortran MP
• Intel Fortran
• PGI Workstation for Windows
• No Noticeable Difference In Execution Speed
  Between Compilers
• Intel Based Machines with 400 mhz Bus Have
  Superior I/O Performance

70
EFDC Compilation and Runtime Issues

• Bypass of Dry Cells Is Efficient
• Automatic Parallelization on SMP Machines Yields
  Marginal Performance Improvements
• MPI Version of Code Appears to Be Best Option
• Optimum MPI Performace at 4-8 Processors for
  Horizontal Grid Cell Count in 1000s
• Current Ready to Under Take MPI Porting

71
EFDC Model Configuration

• Data Structure
• Input Data Files
• Examples

72
EFDC Data Structure

• Spatial Variables
• A(I,J,K) -gt A(L,K)
• I pseudo x
• J pseudo y
• K stretched vertical layer
• LL(I,J) single index in horizontal

73
Spatial Input Files

• cell.inp - cell type file
• celllt.inp - auxillary cell type file
• dxdy.inp - horizontal cell dimensions, depth,
  bottom elevation, roughness
• lxly.inp - horizontal cell center coordinates and
  cell orientation
• gcellmap.inp - graphics mapping file

74
(No Transcript)
75
(No Transcript)
76
Creating Spatial Files

• cell.inp - conceptualization of horizontal grid
• dxdy.inp - custom, gefdc.f, or vogg.f grid
  generators
• lxly.inp - same as dxdy.inp
• gcellmap.inp - gefdc.f

77
Other Spatial Files

• mask. inp - inserts thin barriers
• mappgns.inp - specifies period grids along
  north-south or breaks in grid in north-south (J)
  direction
• moddxdy.inp - modifies cell dimensions orginally
  specified in dxdy.inp
• amap.inp wmap.inp - atmospheric and wind map
  files

78
Initial Condition Files

• Salt.inp
• temp.inp
• dye.inp
• sedw.inp
• sndw.inp
• toxw.inp
• sedb.inp
• sndb.inp

• Toxb.inp
• Bedbdn.inp
• Bedddn.inp
• Bedlay.inp
• Wqwcrst.inp
• Wqsdrst.inp

79
Time Series Input Files

• Aser.inp - atmos.
• Wser.inp - wind
• qser.inp - flow
• sser.inp -salt
• tser.inp - temp
• dser.inp - dye
• sdser.inp - coh sed
• snser.inp - noncoh

• Txser.inp - toxics
• cwqsr.inp - water quality variables
• wqpsl.inp - water quality sources
• Gwser.inp groundwater inflow and concentration
• Cut and Paste Creation

80
Processes Files

• Qctl.inp - hydraulic control structures
• gwater.inp - groundwater interaction
• vege.inp - vegetation resistance
• wavebl.inp - wave-current boundary layers
• wavesx.inp - wave induced currents

81
Run Control Files

• Efdc.inp - master input file
• wq3dwc.inp - water quality input
• wq3dsd.inp - sediment diagensis
• restart.inp - hydrodynamic restart
• wqwcrst.inp - water quality restart
• wqsdrst.inp - sediment diagensis restart file

82
Model Setup

• Construct Spatial Files
• Construct Time Series Files
• Configure efdc.inp File
• Test Hydrodynamics
• Configure wq3dwc.inp and wq3dsd.inp Files
• Test Water Quality

83
EFDC Output Options

• Full 3D Spatial Dump of Selected Variables at
  Specified Time Intervals
• Horizontal Plane Scalar and Vector Plotting
  Output Files
• Vertical Plane Scalar and Vector Output Files
• Time Series and Grab Sample Files

84
3D Spatial Output

• Files - NAM3d.asc or NAM3d.bin
• NAM - Variable Name ie sal or uuu
• asc - ascii text file
• bin - binary file
• output can be scaled
• integer or floating point

85
Horizontal Plane Graphic

• XXXconh.out - scalar contouring or image
  generation data for variable XXX
• velvech.out - vector plot data
• both file are ascii column data
• proconh.f and provelh.f process these file to
  generate sequential snapshots for importing into
  2D graphics

86
Time Series Output

• XXXts.out - time series of variable XXX
• Can be directly plotted using xy plotting
  software or a spreadsheet

87
Sediment Bed Files

• Bedinit.xxx and Bedrst.xxx
• .bdn bulk density
• .elv elevations
• .por porosity
• .sed cohesive sediment
• .snd noncohesive sediment
• .tox toxic contaminant
• .vdr void ratio
• .zhb layers

88
EFDC Support Software

• GEFDC.F - Grid Generator
• VOGG.F Visual Orthogonal Grid Generator with
  Windows Interface
• SIEFDC.F - Spatial Initialization
• LSHS.F - Scalar Harmonic Analysis
• LSHU.F - Vector Harmonic Analysis
• BCEFDC.F - Open Boundary Condition Identification

89
EFDC Support Software

• ATEFDC.F - Time Series Analysis
• PROCONH.F - Scalar Contouring and Images
• PROVELH.F - Vector Plotting

90
EFDC Graphics Support

• Noesys
• MATLAB
• Tecplot
• GRADS

91
Coupling EFDC With HSPF FCM

• HSPF
• HSPF Sub-watershed flows to qser.inp
• HSPF Sub-watershed loads translated to
  concentrations and then to appropriate
  concentration time series files
• HSPF Groundwater flows and loads processed
  similarly and then to gwser.inp file
• Tt Has Interface Software to facilitate
• FCM
• Use Dump Output of Toxic Variables in Water
  Column and Bed
• Translate to Coarser Grid and/or Coarser Time
  Interval

92
ZZ/DS Modifications

• Cosmetic
• Indentation
• Some FORTRAN 90 Array Assignments
• Non-Cosmetic
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Split SSEDTOX.for Into Multiple Subroutines
• Resolution Status
• Hand Diff of Critical Subroutines and
  Modifications
• Benchmark Resolved Code with ZZ/DSs Last Version

93
CD/FTP Contents

• Inputs1a EFDC Input File Set
• Code EFDC Source Code (Split Subs)
• efdc_docs theory reports and user manual
• Efdc_paps reprints of papers
• Inputs1 and Inputs1a sample input set
• Sedtox_rpt sediment and toxics tech memo
• Vardictionary variable dictionary
• Hqtrain.ppt this slide set

94
EFDC Documentation

• Hydro Theory - (Hamrick, 1992)
• Eutrophication Theory - (Park, 1995)
• Hydro Users Manual - (Tt, 2002)
• Short Eutro Theory - (Tt, 1998)
• Numerical Schemes - (Hamrick Wu)
• Sediment-Toxics - (Tt, 2002)

95
More Information

• Email john.hamrick_at_tetratech-ffx.com
• FTP to ftp.tetratech-ffx.com
• user anon pw tt-anon-ftp
• Directory EFDC
• Latest Code, Docs, and Sample Input

96
Blackstone River Example

• Pilot Scale Application to Demonstrate Sediment
  Quality NPDES Permitting
• Blackstone Chosen as Typical River With Existing
  Contamination and Point Sources
• Moderate Amount of Existing Data to Support
  Application

97
(No Transcript)
98
Hydrodynamic Setup Model Grid

• Channel Bottom Profile and Cross Sections from US
  COE Study and FEMA Study Used to Create Grid
  Files
• Cell Type Identifier cell.inp
• Grid Bathymetry dxdy.inp
• Grid Orientation lxly.inp

99
River Bottom Profile
100
River Width Profile
101
Hydrodynamic SetupInflows

• Freshwater Inflow - USGS, EPA
• Flow and Concentration Time Series Files for Each
  Inflow Files
• qser.inp flow
• sdser.inp sediment concentration
• txser.inp toxic contaminant concentration

102
Hydrodynamic Setup Flows

• USGS River Flow
• STORET Point Source Discharge
• Estimated Un-Gauged Inflows
• Used to generate flow file
• File Qser.inp

103
River Discharge
104
Hydrodynamic Setup Control Structures

• Estimate Height and Width of 14 Dam Spillways and
  Apply to Standard Discharge Per Unit Wide Rating
  Curve
• File Qctl.inp

105
Spillway Rating Curve
106
Hydrodynamic Calibration

• Adjusted Channel Widths and Bottom Roughness for
  Hydrograph Amplitude and Phase

107
(No Transcript)
108
Sediment Transport Setup

• Single Composite Sediment Class Represented as
  Cohesive
• Intial Water Column Concentration (Insensitive)
• Initial Bed Conditions
• 10 cm active layer
• 0.725 porosity
• Sediment Dry Density 2000 kg/m3

109
Sediment Transport Setup

• Initial Condition Files
• Sedw.inp Initial Water Column Concentration
• Sedb.inp Initial Bed Mass or Sediment Volume
  Fraction
• Bedbdn.inp Bed Bulk Density
• Bedddn.inp Bed Porosity
• Bedlay.inp Bed Layer Thicknesses
• Inflow ConcentrationTime Series
• File Sdser.inp

110
Sediment Transport Setup

• Critical Stress for Deposition
• 2.0 N/m2 (2.0E-3 m2/s2)) High by 10x!
• Critical Stress for Resuspension
• 2.4 N/m2 (2.4E-3 m2/s2)) High by 10x!
• Resuspension Rate
• 0.006 gm/ m2-s
• Settling Velocity
• 0.002 m/s High by 10x!

111
Sediment Transport Calibration

• Adjustment of Settling Velocity, Resuspension
  Rate, and Critical Stresses for Match Storm Event
  Sediment Concentrations

112
 
 
113
(No Transcript)
114
Contaminant Transport Setup

• Metals Modeled
• Cadmium
• Chromium
• Copper
• Nickel
• Lead

115
Contaminant Transport Setup

• Initial Water Column Concentrations (Insensitive)
• File Toxw.inp
• Intial Bed Concentrations
• File Toxb.inp
• Inflow Concentration Time Series
• File Txser.inp
• Partition Coefficients

116
(No Transcript)
117
Contaminant Transport Calibration

• Adjustment of Partition Coefficients, and Initial
  Bed Concentrations

118
Contaminant Transport Partition Coefficients
 
 
119
(No Transcript)
120
Potential Improvements

• Cross Section Information
• Dam Overflows
• Sediment Classes and Bed Representation
• Contaminant Initial Conditions in Bed

121
Other Model Input Files

• Master Control File
• Efdc.inp
• Optional Atmospheric Files
• Aser.inp and Wser.inp
• Noncohesive Sediment Files
• Sed-gt Snd, Sd-gt Sn

122
EFDC Riverine Sediment Transport Validation

• Validation of Basic Hydrodynamic Processes
  Influencing Sediment Transport
• Secondary Circulation in Bends
• Overbank Flow During High Flow Events
• Validation of Sediment Transport by Simulating
  Moveable Bed Laboratory Studies
• Field Scale Validation for Data Rich Prototype
  (Housatonic River, MA)

123
EFDC Riverine Sediment Transport Validation

• Bend and Over Bank Flow
• Shiono Muto, 1998 Complex flow mechanisms in
  compound meandering channels with overbank flow.
  J. Fluid Mech., 376,221-261.
• Moveable Bed Laboratory Studies
• Hooke, 1975 Distribution of sediment transport
  and shear stress in a meander bend. J. Geology,
  83, 543-565.
• Odgaard Bergs, 1988 Flow processes in curved
  alluvial channel. Water Resour. Res., 24, 45-56.
• Yen Lee, 1995 Bed topography and sediment
  sorting in channel bend with unsteady flow. J.
  Hydr. Engrg., 121, 591-599.

124
EFDC Simulation of Yen Lee
125
Bed Deformation 1 Hr
126
Bed Deformation 1.5 Hrs
127
Bed Deformation 2 Hrs
128
Bed Deformation 3 Hrs
129
Support for Housatonic

• Immediate Resolution of Code Issues
• HQ Defines Process Options to Be Used for
  Housatonic and Tt Adds If Necessary
• Additional Output Options Make Be Necessary
• Quick Turn Around on HQ Identified Problems
• Other

130
Observed Bed Deformation at 75 and 165 Degrees
form Bend Entrance after 3 HoursDefromation(Zb-
Zbo)/Ho
131
Model Predicted Bed Deformation at 75 and 165
Degrees form Bend Entrance after 3
HoursDefromation(Zb-Zbo)/Ho
132
(No Transcript)
133
(No Transcript)