Presentations

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Presentations
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Presentation Skills

• The mind is a wonderful thing
• It starts working the moment you are born, and
  never stops .
• Until you get up to speak in public!!

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Presentation Definition

• Something presented as
• a a symbol or image that represents something
• b something offered or given
• c an immediate object of perception, cognition,
  or memory

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What is Communication?

• Nonverbal Communication
• -body language
• -eye contact

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Importance of Communication

• Class Presentations
• Field Research
• Business Communications
• Public Speaking

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Fear of Public Speaking

• Population
• No.1 fearPublic Speaking
• Fear No.2Death
• Stage fright
• -In spotlight
• -unprepared
• -inexperienced

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Effective Communication

• Preparation
• Practice
• Presence

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Effective Communication

• Preparation
• research -non-research
• format -speak on what you know
  -Notes- outline main points
• -note cards vs. full sized paper

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Making Notes

• Use Cards - tie/number
• Use headings/subheadings
• Bullet points
• Colour code/shorthand
• Underline/indent
• Write out first/last sentence in full
• Memorise introduction
• Rehearse
• Use large visible printing

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Sample Speech Outline

• I. Introduction
• Thesis
• II. Body
• support arguments
• III. Conclusion
• review

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Effective Communication

• Practice
• - practice makes perfect
• - revision
• - get time right

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Preparation Practice
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Effective Communication

• Presence
• -nervousness- fright is common
• -Body language
• -voice tone
• -gestures
• -eye contact
• -positive attitude

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Appearance

• Confident ?
• Warmth ?
• Stance ?
• Mannerisms ?
• Eye contact ?

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Body Language

• Dress
• Posture
• Facial Expression
• Voice
• Movement
• Gesture
• Eye Contact

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Voice
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Voice

• Voice Control
• Pause and pace
• use pause to add emphasis and drama
• pace should be slower than normal, but vary
  according to mood
• Emphasis
• say adjectives as they sound
• Volume
• louder than normal
• larger audiences, more modulation required

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Movement

• Movement - why does it improve the effectiveness
  of your delivery?
• Relaxes the speaker and the audience
• Gains attention
• Involves the audience
• Improves emphasis and eye contact

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Movement

• Movement - it is crucial to your delivery that
  you choreograph it as every part of the room has
  a different relationship with the speaker -
  examples..
• Start your presentation close to the audience
• 1st slide/ overhead - stand still
• Move to the screen to emphasise side/ overhead
• Change energy level to match/ control mood
• Controlled movement
• stop talking - stop eye contact
• start talking/ start eye contact

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Gestures

• Gestures - why use them?
• Emphasise a point
• Involve the audience
• Visual expression
• Animation
• Demonstrates comfort
• How much to use?
• depends on the audience size and makeup
• A little for conservative audiences
• A lot for large, dynamic audiences

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Eye Contact

• Eye contact - communicates the following
• Honesty
• Trust
• Confidence
• Individualism
• Interest
• Sincerity
• Credibility
• Direct relationship

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Eye Contact

• EYE CONTACT STRATEGIES
• Less than the other Humility
• Same as the other We are the same
• Constructive Builds relationship
• (same then increasing)
• More than the other Dominate other/ strength
• of conviction

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Eye Contact

• Eye Contact - Directing It
• Decision maker
• receives most eye contact - 60
• share the remainder equally
• Key influencer
• share the majority of eye contact
• By role
• allocate by job function/ status
• Everyone is equal
• proportion eye contact equally

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Things You Shouldnt Do

• Read directly from notes
• Read directly from screen
• Turn back on audience
• Slouch, hands in pockets
• No um, ah, you knows
• No nervous gestures
• Talk too fast,
• Talk too quietly

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Things You Should Do

• Eye contact
• Can glance at notes
• Appropriate gestures
• Rhetorical questions to involve audience

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Controlling Nerves

• Dry mouth bite side of the tongue, sip water
• Too much saliva breath through mouth
• Tight throat yawn with your mouth closed
• Short of breath apply pressure on lower abdomen
• Butterflies tense relax muscles of abdomen
• Drying Up look at your note, repeat what you
  have just said
• Gestures
• Practice

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Ten Successful Tips Control the Butterflies

• Know the room- become familiar with the place of
  presentation
• Know the audience- greet or chat with the
  audience before hand. Its easier to speak to
  friends than to strangers
• Know your material-increased nervousness is due
  to un-preparedness

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Control the Butterflies

• Relaxation- relax entire body by stretching and
  breathing so as to ease the tension
• Visualize giving your speech-Visualize yourself
  giving your speech from start to finish. By
  visualizing yourself successful, you will be
  successful

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Control the Butterflies

• People want you to succeed-the audience is there
  to see you succeed not to fail
• Dont apologize-by mentioning your nervousness or
  apologizing, youll only be calling the
  audiences attention to mistakes

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Control the Butterflies

• Concentrate on your message-not the medium.
  Focus on the message you are trying to convey and
  not on your anxieties
• Turn nervousness into positive energy-nervousness
  increases adrenaline, transform it into vitality
  and enthusiasm

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Control the Butterflies

• Gain experience-experience builds confidence,
  which is key to effective public speaking

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Presentation Skills

• The key to effective presentations is to manage
  the relationship between yourself and the
  audience so that a good rapport is developed with
  them

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Presentation Skills

• Short sharp paragraphs
• Simple words
• Repeat key phrases for effect
• Repeat key phrases for effect
• Avoid catch phrases
• Humour
• Anecdotes real-life examples
• Rhetorical questions dont require answers

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YOU

• Do not use the media to hide you
• The audience came to see you
• The media should enhance the presentation, not BE
  the presentation
• If all you are going to do is read from the
  slides or overheads, then just send them the
  slides
• Remember, only you can prevent
• Death by PowerPoint

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Questions??

• End your presentation with a simple question
  slide to
• Invite your audience to ask questions
• Provide a visual aid during question period
• Avoid ending a presentation abruptly

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Use of Questions

• Questioning - Effectively Used Achieves..
• Engages audience attention
• Establishes better 2 way communication
• Obtains required information
• Checks for understanding
• Checks for agreement
• How to Prepare Questions
• Prepare key questions ahead of time
• Plan the timing of questions
• Be alert to situations that require unplanned
  questions

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Initiate A Discussion

• ASK QUESTIONS
• Open ended - to find out information
• Closed - to gain commitment
• Redirected - to involve group
• Rhetorical - to control group
• Leading - to give alternative choice

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Tips For Enhancing Discussion

• Switch off the overhead or light projector
• Turn flipcharts to a blank page
• Erase any unwanted writing from the blackboard or
  whiteboard
• Show any objects referred to and then cover them
  up

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Participants

• Four Types
• Dr Quiet
• Dr Disagreeable
• Dr Side Conversation
• Dr Talkative

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Keep Control - Tactics

• Side Conversations
• Quiet/Shy
• Talkative
• Disagreeable
• WHY?

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Keep Control - Tactics

• SIDE CONVERSATION
• Ask to share their idea
• Restate a point ask for their opinion
• Check if there is a problem
• Should we include your point in the discussion?
• BE DIPLOMATIC ASSERTIVE

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Keep Control - Tactics

• QUIET/SHY PARTICIPANT
• Simple questions
• Eye contact
• Recognise encourage any contributions
• Ask a question invite everyone's opinion in turn

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Keep Control - Tactics

• TALKATIVE
• Remind everyone of time limits
• Summarise point ask for comments from group
• Address questions to other participants
• Refocus on objectives/agenda

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Keep Control - Tactics

• DISAGREEABLE
• Paraphrase comments, and recap their position in
  objective terms
• Find merit in one of their remarks
• Respond to their comment, not the attack
• Throw their opinion out to the group
• Answer their questions simply and factually

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Scientific Presentations Dos and Donts
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Scientific Presentation
1) Prepare your material carefully and
logically. Tell a story. The story should have
four parts (a) Introduction (b) Method (c)
Results (d) Conclusion/Summary. "Tell'em what
you are going to tell'em. Tell'em. Then tell'em
what you told'em."
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Scientific Presentation

• 2) Practice your talk
• 3) Don't put in too much material
• 4) Avoid equations
• 5) Have only a few conclusion points

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Scientific Presentation

• 6) Talk to the audience not to the screen
• 7) Avoid making distracting sounds like uuuhhh
  and mmm
• 8) Polish your graphics
• 9) Use humor if possible, but dont go overboard
• 10) Check your viewgraphs before you give the
  talk
• 11) Switch off your cell phones if possible.

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Scientific Presentation

• 12) Be personable in taking questions.
• First, repeat the question.
• If you don't know the answer then say "I don't
  know, I will have to look into that."
• If the questioner disagrees with you and it
  looks like there will be an argument then
  defuse the situation.
• Never insult the questioner ( S/he may have
  contacts you dont know about!
• 13) Thank you Slide

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Presentation Checklist
Check

• Size of room
• Tables and chairs
• Sockets
• Lights
• Equipment
• Display table
• Entrance

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Presentation Day Practice

• 30 minutes before
• Arrange table chairs
• Set up equipment
• Catering
• Display
• Start Promptly
• Finish on Time

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Handouts Few Tips
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Handouts

• Passing out Handouts
• Can pass it out during presentation
• If flow interrupted, pass out before start
• If more than one, can give out package
• Avoid passing around objects (I will walk around
  with it)

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Summary Dos and Donts of Presentation

• Dont gesticulate wildly
• Do speak distinctly
• Do vary your speed and pitch
• Do look at your audience
• Dont use jargon, slang and superfluous words
• Do pause after important points
• Do watch the time
• Do speak with conviction and enthusiasmDo be
  natural and sincere
• Do try to simile
• Dont use jokes unless they are really funny and
  relevant

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Summary

• Know your audience
• Know the occasion
• Know your speaking environment
• Pin down your topic
• Brain storm
• Research
• Prepare a rough draft of your presentation
• Transfer your presentation to mental/ written
  notes
• Practice ...To overcome nervousness!

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• Now is the time to deliver your whole
  presentation to the group using all of the
  delivery techniques we have discussed.

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Practice takes you from this..
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To this.
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Thank you Any questions?