Quotation, Citation and Sentence Construction

1
Quotation, Citation and Sentence Construction

• Language Review
• 2003/4/15
• Ref. http//www.eng.fju.edu.tw/research/documentat
  ion.html

2
Documenting Sources

• Quotation Internal/Parenthetical citation
• Avoid wordiness
• Altering the original text.
• Work(s) Cited
• Citing Electronic Sources
• Citing Chinese Sources
• Others

3
Quotation

• Purposes avoid plagiarism, increase credibility
  by giving evidence or support, for close
  analysis.
• Kinds paraphrase and direct quote (further
  divided into separated and integrated)
• Things to Consider avoiding wordiness and
  over-quoting, punctuation transition, using
  ellipses and brackets () for alterations of
  sources.

4
Use Internal Citation to avoid wordiness

• Based on the dissertation, A Historical Analysis
  of Coffee Consumption in Taiwan written by
  Fan-ting, the development of coffee can be
  divided into three major periods first is from
  1930 to 1960, second is form 1960 to 1980 and the
  third is from 1980 to 1990. (41, 82, 122)

5
Errors fixed

• Based on the dissertation A Historical Analysis
  of Coffee Consumption in Taiwan, Fang-ting
  writes, the development of coffee can be divided
  into three major periods the first is from 1930
  to 1960, the second is from 1960 to 1980 and the
  third is from 1980 to 1990 (41, 82, 122).

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Internal Citation

• The development of coffee in Taiwan can be
  divided into three major periods first, from
  1930 to 1960, second, from 1960 to 1980, and
  third, from 1980 to 1990 (Fan 41, 82, 122).

7
Internal Citation avoid wordiness

• In Wangs paper she says, one of surrealists,
  Max Ernst, a poet Paul Eluard and his wife once
  visited him(who?) and invited him to be one of
  surrealist movement, but he refused them as
  well as he rejected other invitations from
  Fauvism, Cubism, and Structurism (qtd. in 78).

8
Internal Citation avoid wordiness

• According to Wang, one surrealist, Max Ernst, a
  poet Paul Eluard and his wife once visited
  Chagall and invited him to join the surrealist
  movement, but he refused them, just as he
  rejected the other invitations from Fauvism,
  Cubism, and Structurism (78).
• Separated quotation
• What does qtd mean?

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Quotation e.g. altering the original texts.

• First of all, the news is subjective, spoken
  by a person, strongly affirmed by Margaret
  Morse, a Professor of Film and Video at UC Santa
  Cruz.
• First of all, the news, as Margaret Morse points
  out, is subjective, spoken by a person (?).
• Inevitably, news broadcast is subjective, spoken
  by a person (Morse ?) integrated quotation.

10
Citing Electronic Sources remember the date of
access

• Walker, Janice Todd Taylor. Basic CGOS
• Style. The Columbia Guide to Online
  Style.
• Columbia UP, 1998. Oct 26, 1999.
  l.
• Flannagan, Roy. "Reflections on Milton and
  Ariosto. Early Modern Literary Studies 2.3
  (1996) 12-45. 16 pars. 22 Feb. 1997
  anmilt.html.

11
Citing Chinese Sources dont be afraid of
troubles!

• Tsai, Wen-fang (???). ???????-???????????.
  ????????. 2000, 32 147-169.
• (In Tong-Yong system)
• Cai, Wen-fang ???. Sing-ba-ke ren de dan-sheng
  (The Birth of the
  Starbuck-ers An Interpretation of the Spaces of
  Urban Coffee Consumption). Shih-da di-li
  za-jhih bau-gau (????????) 32(2000) 147-169.

12
Work Cited

• Flash, Grandmaster. Grand Master Flashs
• Definition of Hip Hop. DaveyDs Hip
  Hop
• Corner. 19 Dec. 2002. com/whatisflash.html.
• Forman, Murray. The Hood Comes First.
• Middletown Wesleyan University Press,
• 2002. 23-42. ?
• Forman, Murray. The Hood Comes First.
• Middletown, IL Wesleyan UP, 2002.

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Quotation increase credibility

• Afrika Bambaataa, one of the founders of Hip Hop,
  defines it not in terms of skin colors, Hip Hop
  means the whole culture of the movementhow you
  act, walk, look, talk are all part of hip-hop
  culture. And the music is colorless. Hip Hop
  music is made from Black, brown, yellow, red,
  white, whatever music that gives you the grunt,
  that funk, that groove or that beat Its all
  part of Hip Hop. (contd)

14
over-quotation internal citation

• Grandmaster Flash, . . . , also emphasizes the
  idea of emancipating all hip-hoppers from racial
  discrimination, For anybody to say this is not
  hip hop or that is not hip hop is wrong. Thats
  not the way the formula was laid down. It was for
  the people who were going to continue this to
  take anythingby all means necessary and string
  it along. Both of the hip-hop forefathers are
  opposed to those who disdain the whites talents
  and dedications, which convinces us that the
  color is really not a matter, but only for the
  people who were going to continue Hip Hop to
  take anything deserve the name real
  hip-hoppers(both quote from DaveyDs Hip Hop
  Corner).

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Quotation indent the long quote

• Afrika Bambaataa, one of the founders of Hip Hop,
  defines it not in terms of skin colors
• Hip Hop means the whole culture of the
  movementhow you act, walk, look, talk are all
  part of hip-hop culture. And the music is
  colorless. Hip Hop music is made from Black,
  brown, yellow, red, white, whatever music that
  gives you the grunt, that funk, that groove or
  that beat Its all part of Hip Hop (par 1).

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Quotation do not quote without your own
interpretation

• Grandmaster Flash, . . . , is also against
  setting the racial boundaries the formula of Hip
  Hop, instead, was and should still be for the
  people who were going to continue this to take
  anything (Flash par 3) Both of the hip-hop
  forefathers, therefore, are opposed to those who
  disdain the whites talents and dedications. The
  name real hip-hoppers, in other words, go to
  those who continue its styles and spirit, blacks
  and whites and the other colors alike.

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Sentence Construction

• Internalize Basic Sentence Construction Rules
  example
• SC -- Has to do with where the main is, and how
  it is related to the other ideas in the same
  sentence. example
• Conjunction example that
• Avoid Repetition and Run-On Sentence examples

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S proper verb form

• They present the sub-culture of Taiwan and they
  usually being looked down by people. Why there
  are such group of people exists in Taiwan? What
  makes these Tk? How can they reflect Taiwans
  culture?

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S proper English? concise, logical and to the
point

• They represent a form of Taiwanese sub-culture
  and they are usually looked down upon by people.
  (gap) Why are there such a group of people in
  Taiwan? What makes them TK? How do they reflect
  Taiwans culture?
• Forming a kind of Taiwanese sub-culture, TKs are
  usually regarded as coarse or vulgar. Instead of
  just criticizing them, however, we should ask why
  they come into existence as a group, and what
  aspects of Taiwanese culture are reflected in
  them.

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S more than one verb or conjunction

• Moreover, many foreigners also appear here often
  is probably because the theater usually plays
  many international films or the western style
  that appeals to them.
• (straightening out the main idea) Moreover, many
  foreigners also appear here often probably
  because the films shown in the theater, either
  international films or Western films, appeal to
  them.

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S more than one verb or conjunction

• The café which can be seen from outside is just
  on the left hand, which called 25?.
• (correction with still errors) The cafe' which
  can be seen from outside is just on the left hand
  of(what), called 25 ?.
• The café, visible from the outside and on the
  left side of the hall, is called 25?.

22
Conjunction that repetition

• Moreover, 7-11 always creates new and innovative
  products themselves, and those products become
  fashion that other convenience stores imitate to
  do so. For example, 7-11 is the first convenience
  store that sells ???(Quanton Cookies) and lunch
  boxes that always change their menu, and then
  other stores start to imitate them to do that.

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Avoiding repetition

• Moreover, 7-11 always creates new and innovative
  products, which become fashionable so that the
  other convenience stores have to produce them as
  well. For example, 7-11 is the first convenience
  store that sells ???(Quanton Cookies) and lunch
  boxes whose contents are changed all the time.
  The other stores, on the other hand, can only
  follow them.

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Word Form conjunction

• those products become fashion that other
  convenience stores imitate to do so. ? those
  products become so fashionable that.......

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Refining your language

• Moreover, 7-11 has been a trend-setter in
  fast-food production. For example, 7-11 is the
  first convenience store that sells ???(Quanton
  Cookies) and lunch boxes with a variety of
  contents. The other stores, on the other hand,
  can only follow suit.

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Run-On S

• All of them prove to the world that White DJs
  are winning their respect by releasing
  generational DJ classics and concurrently they
  also help transmitting the Hip Hop culture across
  the ocean to the Great Britain encouraged by the
  successes of the white DJs in the States, more
  and more British DJs appear, such as DJ Shadow
  and DJ Food affected by the flourishing hip-hop
  magazine market, more U.K. hip-hop periodicals
  are published, Hip Hop Connection and Big Daddy
  are both representatives and another surprise
  brought by the hip-hop invasion of the U.K.
  directly reflects the total sales of hip-hop
  albums there, for U.K. is actually the second-big
  market worldwide.

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Run-On S

• All of them prove to the world that white DJs
  are winning their respect by releasing
  generational DJ classics and concurrently they
  also help transmit the Hip Hop culture across
  the ocean to Great Britain. Being encouraged by
  the successes of the white DJs in the States,
  more and more British DJs appear, such as DJ
  Shadow and DJ Food being affected by the
  flourishing hip-hop magazine market, more U.K.
  hip-hop periodicals are published Hip Hop
  Connection and Big Daddy are both
  representatives, and another surprise
• brought by the hip-hop invasion of the U.K.
  directly reflects the total sales of hip-hop
  albums there, for U.K. is actually the second-big
  market worldwide.

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Run-On S

• All of these white DJs are winning their respect
  by releasing generations of DJ classics. Also,
  they help transmit the Hip Hop culture across the
  ocean to the Great Britain encouraged by the
  successes of the white DJs in the States, more
  and more British DJs appear, such as DJ Shadow
  and DJ Food, which, in turn, encourage hip-hop
  magazine market to flourish there, of which Hip
  Hop Connection and Big Daddy are both
  representatives. As a whole, in making U.K. the
  second biggest Hip-Hop market worldwide, these
  white D.J.s have made their significant
  contributions.
• (They are not the only factor, though.)

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Run-On S

• For instance, 7-11 cooperates with Taipei City
  Hall, and the thoughtful services are all kinds
  of bills (like gas bill, water bills, parking
  tickets, etc) and adding usable fee of easy
  cards it also cooperates with ChungHwa telecom,
  and people can pay all kinds of fees and conduct
  some telecom services.

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One correction to avoid repetition

• and the thoughtful services are ? they are so
  considerate that they collect all kinds of
  bills.(Isnt this exaggerated?)
• It also cooperates with ChungHwa telecom, and
  people can pay all kinds. . . ? which allows
  people to pay.......

31
Using different conjunctions

• For instance, 7-11 cooperates with Taipei City
  government to allow the customers to pay many
  kinds of bills (e.g. gas bill, water bills,
  parking fees, etc), as well as adding value to
  Easy cards it also cooperates with ChungHwa
  telecom so that their clients can both pay their
  bills in the stores and make use of the companys
  telecom services.

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Word Choice

• Excluding, except, besides,
• Influence/affect
• Ever (in question and negative S) once (positive)