Early Detection of Learning Disabilities The Situation Today' - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Early Detection of Learning Disabilities The Situation Today'

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Title: Early Detection of Learning Disabilities The Situation Today'


1
Early Detection of Learning Disabilities The
Situation Today.
  • Lalitha Ramanujan
  • Alpha to Omega Learning Centre

2
Early Intervention benefits
  • The child
  • The family
  • The society

3
  • Some children differ in their pattern of
    development in
  • Language
  • Thinking skills
  • Social skills
  • Behaviors and motor abilities
  • These later often fall under the
  • at risk or high risk category.

4
Prevention is better than cure
  • Who Why?
  • A percentage who do not receive adequate
    stimulation or find learning to accomplish daily
    life activities or pre-skills for academics,
    difficult.

5
Issues in identification
  • Individuals differ in their developmental
    patterns.
  • Help or not help the at risk child.
  • Labeling has more disadvantages than advantages.
  • The biological and environmental factors that
    influence the development.

6
Areas
  • Pre academic readiness
  • Intelligence
  • Language
  • Perceptual
  • Motor
  • Social-emotional
  • Physical-sensory

7
  • The focus is on what is, not there in the childs
    content and also improve his cognitive function.
  • The aim is to create a foundation for further
    learning and develop cognitive, social, and
    specific skills that are prerequisites for school
    work.

8
  • At risk or high risk category
  • often land as learning disabled in higher
    grades in school.

9
  • Prevention is better than cure.
  • The question is if the detection is early, is the
    cure cent percent?
  • Why should we have early intervention?

10
Skills needed to rule out LD.
  • Basic concepts
  • Adaptive behaviors for daily living
  • Primary cognitive behaviors

11
Basic concepts
  • Color
  • Shape
  • Size
  • Orientation in space and related concepts
  • Number and quantity
  • Time
  • Cause and effect relationships
  • Feelings and moods
  • The human body

12
Adaptive behaviours for daily living
  • Motor skills
  • Dressing
  • Personal grooming and physical self-care
  • Eating and table manners
  • Independence and helping in-home activities
  • General knowledge about the immediately
    experienced world

13
Primary cognitive behaviours
  • Attending to stimuli
  • Focusing
  • Imitative behavior
  • Symbolic play
  • Question and answer responses Initiatory\a
    daptive play.

14
The four stages of emerging cognitive function
Prof. Reuven Feuerstein
  • 1. Lack of function
  • 2. Function is there but not expressed,
  • 3. The child has the function but it is expressed
    in a deficit manner-emerging
  • 4. Function present he can remember but
    fragile when complexity increases and varies day
    to day.

15
Early Intervention benefits are
  • Improves intelligence
  • Brings in developmental enhancement in physical,
    cognitive, language, social and self esteem
  • Prevents secondary learning problems
  • Removes family stress and anxiety
  • Creates an enriched environment to promote
    independency and self concept.

16
The current need of the day
  • The young child should be placed in the natural
    setting to be with his peers.
  • Individualized teaching plan to meet the needs of
    the child
  • Assessment should be carried out informally and
    in the natural environments

17
The Need
  • Have child initiated activities.
  • Ample opportunities to know about the childs
    interest, motivation and his preference for
    activities.

18
Our focus - to reduce the gap
  • Activities to enhance
  • Motor development gross and fine motor, body
    activities
  • Auditory processing listening to sounds,
    auditory discrimination, memory
  • Visual processing perception, memory
  • Tactile processing

19
  • Teach the parent the skills to prevent any gaps
    in development.
  • Train the mediating adult the skills to enhance
    cognitive skills.

20
Perceptual Modality
  • - shows that all of us have different ways to
    learn.
  • If they cannot learn the way we teach, can we
    teach the way they learn?
  • Kathleen Hickey

21
  • The mediation is the one that helps to develop
    the flexibility and plasticity for adaptation to
    change.

22
  • What makes the innate and acquired schemata
    flexible, plastic and modifiable?
  • It is the human environment interaction.
  • The answer is
  • Mediated Learning Experience

23
  • The mediators role ---
  • select
  • organize
  • set a schedule
  • be aware of when and in what amount to change the
    frequency, saliency and amplitude.

24
  • The mediators goal
  • Focus attention
  • Make transcendence
  • Activate and enhance prior knowledge
  • Bring in a cognitive change

25
  • Mediated Learning Experience
  • is the vitamin
  • for cognitive development.

26
Who will benefit?
  • Children or those who need to develop or improve
    in the basic content and concepts to function
    effectively in their learning environment.
  • Prevent or overcome at risk factors
  • Establish those functions which the child missed
    due to lack of appropriate mediation.

27
Targets
  • Learners who need
  • development and or acceleration
  • Prevent dysfunction or any delay
  • Restore or establish functions that are not
    acquired at the right time.

28
  • Current trend ---
  • LD is on a rampage in recognition.
  • The cause can be exogenous environment
  • or endogenous with the child.

29
M L E
Cognitive Function
30
  • It can also be due to
  • Culture
  • Societal values on intelligence and its functions
  • Acceptance by parents
  • Commitment
  • Parents role in mediation

31
  • Causes
  • Child lacks exposure from family and culture
  • Result from psychological or and emotional
    disturbance
  • The effect of the above inadequacies could be
    ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINANTS

32
  • Immigration.
  • Poverty
  • Ideology
  • Parent child relationship

33
  • Endogenous condition
  • Autism \ ASD
  • Constitutional factors hypo or hyper
  • Down syndrome
  • Emotional disorders

34
  • MLE is open age, stage of development should
    not be an issue.

35
  • Rich get rich Poor get poorer
  • Belief - modifiability Restricted

    environment

36
Thank you
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