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Introduction to the Cell

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A typical eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. ... Chloroplast is one type of plastid, which contains green pigment chlorophyll. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Introduction to the Cell


1
Introduction to the Cell
  • The structure and functions
  • of the cell

2
Animal Cell Model
3
Plant Cell
4
Cell Theory
  • All living things are made up of cells.
  • New cells come only from preexisting cells.
  • A cell is the basic structural and functional
    unit of life.

5
Prokaryotic Cells
6
Structure of a Typical Eukaryotic Cell
  • A typical eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and
    membrane bound organelles.
  • The outer most layer of an animal cell is plasma
    membrane.
  • The outer most layer of a plant cell is cell
    wall. The cell membrane in these cells is on the
    inner side of cell wall.

7
The Plasma Membrane
8
The Structure of the Cell Wall
9
The Nucleus
10
The Nucleus
  • It controls all the cell activities.

11
The Structure of Nucleus
  • It is surrounded by nuclear membrane which
    contains nuclear pores.
  • It contains DNA and RNA (nucleic acids).
  • It contains nucleolus which is the site for
    synthesis of ribosome.
  • Jellylike material inside the nucleus is called
    nucleoplasm.

12
Ribosome
13
Structure and Function of Ribosome
  • Ribosomes are made of RNA and proteins.
  • Ribosomes are synthesized by nucleolus in the
    nucleus.
  • Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm as well as
    on rough E.R.
  • Ribosomes are the site for Protein synthesis.

14
Endoplasmic Reticulum
15
Rough and Smooth E.R.
  • There are two types of E.R. which forms channels
    throughout the cell.
  • Rough E.R. has ribosomes on it and smooth does
    not.
  • Proteins are synthesized on the ribosome on rough
    E.R.
  • Both E.Rs increase surface area for chemical
    reactions and storage.

16
Golgi Apparatus
17
Function of Golgi Apparatus
  • Golgi apparatus is considered as processing,
    packaging and transporting unit of cell.
  • Golgi apparatus receives materials from E.R. then
    process them and export these materials to other
    cells.
  • These materials are pinched off in small
    vesicles, which then attach to the cell membrane
    to export.

18
Mitochondria
19
Structure and Functions of Mitochondria
  • It is known as the power house of the cell.
  • It is made up of double membrane, outer membrane
    is smooth. Inner layer has folds in it called
    crystae, which increases the surface area for
    synthesis of ATP.
  • Liquid jelly-like material is know as matrix.
  • Mitochondria has its own DNA.

20
Chloroplast
21
Structure and Functions ofChloroplast
  • Chloroplast is one type of plastid, which
    contains green pigment chlorophyll.
  • Chloroplast is made of double layer of membrane,
    and it has stacks of membranes inside it.
  • Each membrane in the stack is called thylakoid
    membrane and stacks of membrane are called grana
    where food is prepared.
  • Liquid jelly like material is called stroma.

22
Vacuoles
23
Structure and function ofVacuole
  • Vacuoles are made up of single layer of membrane.
  • Vacuoles store solid of liquid materials.
  • Mature plant cells have one large vacuole, which
    takes up most of the space in a plant cell.
  • Vacuoles in animal cells are much smaller than
    plant cells.

24
Lysosomes
25
Structure and Function of Lysosomes
  • Lysosomes are more prominent in animal cells but
    they are rare in plant cells.
  • Lysosomes are surrounded by single membrane, and
    store food or waste materials.
  • Waste material in lysosomes can be toxic.
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