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GIS 101

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Title: GIS 101


1
GIS 101
  • Introduction to
  • Geographic Information Systems
  • Spring 2004
  • Instructor Damon D. Judd

2
Topics to be Covered
  • An overview of GIS history, definitions
  • What is a GIS used for?
  • How GIS data are captured, stored, retrieved,
    analyzed displayed
  • Basic cartographic principles
  • GIS software and its functionality
  • How to use a basic GIS (ESRI ArcGIS 8.2)
  • Where to find more information

3
Textbooks
  • Getting to Know ArcGIS Desktop The Basics of
    ArcView, Arceditor, and Arcinfo, ESRI Press,
    2001.
  • An Introduction to Geographical Information
    Systems by Ian Heywood, Sarah Cornelius, and
    Steve Carver, 2nd edition, 2002, Prentice Hall.

4
Other Course Materials
  • ArcGIS software license
  • Option 1. ArcView 8.2 in class
  • Option 2. ArcView 8.1 CD in GTKA book (180 days)
  • Option 3. ArcView 8.3 1-year Student license
    (100)
  • Option 4. ArcView 8.3 unlimited Student license
    (250). This version cannot be upgraded to ArcGIS
    9.0

5
Learning is Fun!
6
What is a GIS?
  • Different definitions of a GIS have evolved in
    different areas and disciplines this course
    focuses on the Information System aspect.
  • All GIS definitions recognize that spatial data
    are unique because they are linked to maps.
    (Location matters! not just in real estate)
  • A GIS at least consists of a database, map
    information, and a computer-based link between
    them.

7
Power of GIS
  • The real power of GIS lies not in the ability to
    make maps, but in its ability to perform
    analysis.

8
A Geographic Information System
  • Allows us to look at data as one might from any
    database application with a database management
    system, one can
  • Select, sort, list, group, report and print data
    by a wide variety of criteria.

9
Definitions of a GIS
  • A GIS is an information system.
  • GIS - a computer-based system that provides the
    following four sets of capabilities to handle
    geo-referenced data
  •  1. input
  •  2. data management
  •  3. manipulation and analysis
  •  4. output
  • A GIS is a Toolbox

10
Another Definition
  • A geographic information system is a special
    case of information systems where the database
    consists of observations on spatially distributed
    features, activities or events, which are
    definable in space as points, lines, or areas. A
    geographic information system manipulates data
    about these points, lines, and areas to retrieve
    data for ad hoc queries and analyses" (Dueker,
    1979, p 106).

11
GIS is an Approach to Science
  • Geographic Information Science is research both
    on and with GIS.
  • "the generic issues that surround the use of GIS
    technology, impede its successful implementation,
    or emerge from an understanding of its potential
    capabilities."
  • (Goodchild, 1992)

12
A GIS Models the Real World
13
A GIS Adds the Benefit of Visualization to the
Database
  • A GIS is fully functional as a database system.
  • The real advantage of using a GIS is the added
    power to analyze and visualize spatial
    relationships.

14
Example Sliding Rocks
15
A Geographic Information System
  • Allows us to look at address data just as one
    might from a database application. TABULAR As
    with any database management system, one can
  • Select, sort, list, group, report and print data
    by a wide variety of criteria.

16
Visualization helps us find answers to many
important questions relating to PLACE.
  • Where are these addresses?
  • What is near the place of interest?
  • How many people live in a particular area?
  • What else is near this site?

17
Many Ways To Visualize
  • GIS allows us to view mapped data symbolized in
    various ways
  • Turn layers off or on
  • Place layers above or below others
  • Shade and color areas to highlight specific
    features of interest
  • Use a wide variety of lines and markers to depict
    differences between features

18
Spatial GIS Analysis
  • Proximity Analysis
  • Network Analysis
  • Connectivity Analysis
  • Overlay Analysis

19
Benefits
  • GIS provides additional capability to perform
    analysis.
  • GIS allows us to view and print maps of any data
    available.
  • Allows us to see the big picture or view the low
    level detail.

20
Who Uses GIS?
  • Federal Govt.
  • State/Local Govt.
  • Forestry, Wildlife, Fisheries
  • NGOs/Conservation Groups
  • A/E/C Firms
  • Environmental Consultants
  • Military
  • Utilities/Energy Companies
  • Water, Wastewater
  • Retail/Demographics
  • Educators/Research
  • Telecommunications
  • Fire and Emergency

21
What is GIS Used For?
  • Environmental Assessments
  • Natural Resource Conservation
  • Route Planning and Logistics
  • Asset/Work Management
  • And many more

22
Environmental Assessments
  • GIS Helps Environmental Assessment in Brooklyn
  • In Brooklyn, New York, the industrialized
    Greenpoint/Williamsburg community decided to
    build a GIS to answer concerns it had over
    environmental contamination.
  • At Hunter College, geographers assembled three
    different map base layers parcels, a street map,
    and TIGER (census).

23
Results of Assessments
  • Parcel Layer
  • Odor Complaints
  • HazMat near Schools

24
Watershed Analysis
Santa Cruz Island
25
Route Planning - American Frontiers Public Lands
Trek
26
Asset and Work Management
27
GIS Uses Applications
  • Wildlife
  • Habitat assessment
  • Migration patterns
  • Natural Resources
  • Oil Gas Exploration
  • Water Management
  • Farming
  • Mining
  • Parks planning

28
GIS Uses Applications
  • Law Enforcement
  • Tactical
  • Code enforcement
  • Crime analysis
  • Defense and Homeland Security
  • Battlefield planning
  • Risk assessment
  • Target identification

29
GIS Uses Applications
  • Political
  • Polling Places
  • Demographics
  • Re-districting analysis
  • Municipal
  • Tax assessment
  • Residential planning

30
GIS Uses Applications
  • Transportation Planning
  • Pavement management systems
  • Road traffic counts
  • Street signs
  • Highway design and improvements

31
GIS Uses Applications
  • Environmental
  • Hazardous Waste Cleanup
  • Regulatory Compliance
  • Contaminant levels
  • Air Quality

32
GIS Uses Applications
  • Transportation
  • Fleet Management
  • Automated Vehicle Location
  • Shipping
  • Logistics (Fed Ex, DHL, etc.)

33
Learning is not compulsoryneither is
survival.W. Edward Deming
34
End of Week 1
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