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Immigrants and Workers

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Immigrants and Workers. Industrialization. 1890. No place with less ... Children too young to work. Children too young to work. Later in life. Ethnic Diversity ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Immigrants and Workers


1
Immigrants and Workers
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Industrialization
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1890
  • No place with less than 2 people per square mile

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1920
  • More people lived in cities than countryside

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  • Steel mills
  • Rail yards
  • Textile mills
  • Clothing factories
  • Mines
  • Farms

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Diversity
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Diversity
  • Religious
  • Cultural
  • National

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Diversity
  • Marriage
  • Child care
  • Women and child labor

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Diversity
  • Mobile

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Diversity
  • Mobile
  • Earnings and employment unstable

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Diversity
  • Mobile
  • Earnings and employment unstable
  • Recessions
  • Depressions

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Diversity
  • Mobile
  • Earnings and employment unstable
  • Consumer demand
  • Overproduction

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Diversity
  • Mobile
  • Earnings and employment unstable
  • Inclement weather
  • Technological displacement

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1849
Irish Potato Famine
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Coffin Ships
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Coffin Ships
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1830s
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1800
5,000 per year
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1830s
600,000 per year
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1840s
1.5 million per year
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1850s
2.8 million per year
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1877-1890
6 million
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1890-1914
18 million
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Prior to 1890s
Western and Northern Europe
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After 1890s
Southern and Eastern Europe
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  • Employment
  • Language
  • Culture
  • Housing
  • Family values

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Family Strategies
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Family Strategies
  • Subordination of individuals for sake of
    collective family

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Family Strategies
  • Subordination of individuals for sake of
    collective family
  • Key decisions based on good of family, not
    individuals

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Family Strategies
  • Subordination of individuals for sake of
    collective family
  • Key decisions based on good of family, not
    individuals
  • One daughter remained unmarried

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Family Economy
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Family Economy
Decision making product of collective needs
rather than individual preferences
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1882
Family living costs one third higher than
earnings of head of household
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1900
Richest 2 owned 1/3 wealth
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1900
Richest 10 owned 3/4 wealth
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Child labor
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Andrew Carnegie
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Andrew Carnegie
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Horace Greeley
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10.37 family of five
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10.37 family of five
  • Shoemaker 4

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10.37 family of five
  • Shoemaker 4
  • Cabinet maker 5

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10.37 family of five
  • Shoemaker 4
  • Cabinet maker 5
  • Textile worker 6.50 m
  • 3.50 f

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10.37 family of five
  • Shoemaker 4
  • Cabinet maker 5
  • Textile worker 6.50 m
  • 3.50 f

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10.37 family of five
  • Shoemaker 4
  • Cabinet maker 5
  • Textile worker 6.50 m
  • 3.50 f
  • Unskilled 1

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  • Children too young to work

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  • Children too young to work
  • Later in life

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Ethnic Diversity
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Ethnic Diversity
  • Higher birthrates

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Ethnic Diversity
  • Higher birthrates
  • Boarders

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Ethnic Diversity
  • Higher birthrates
  • Boarders
  • More child labor

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Ethnic Diversity
  • Higher birthrates
  • Boarders
  • More child labor
  • Different fam. patterns

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Factory Work
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Rural Families
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Before 1880
70 all Americans lived in towns and villages of
less than 2,500 people
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754 per year
60 450 per year
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754 per year
60 450 per year
scrip
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10 white 20 black
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1924
Emergency Quota Act Immigration Act
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