Title: Vashon 101: A Journey Just Begun
1Vashon 101 A Journey Just Begun
Vashon Island - Ray Pfortner
2Vashon 101 A Journey Just Begun
The Human History of an Island
Vashon-Maury IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Bruce Haulman Roxanne Thayer - Hands Across
Time Bonnie Shride Mary Jo Barrentine -
ResidentsPhotographs - VMIHA, Terry Donnelly,
Ray Pfortner
3Vashon 101 A Journey Just Begun
The Human History of an Island
Vashon-Maury IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Session FourThe SHomamish, Contact, and
Settlement Session FiveSeparate Villages to an
Island Community
4The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
- Vashon History Project
- www.vashonhistory.com
- Four projects Timeline
- Place Names
- Photographs
- Bibliography
5The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
- History is who we are and why we are the way we
are. - David McCullough - Historical sense and poetic sense should not, in
the end, be contradictory, for if poetry is the
little myth we make, history is the big myth we
live, and in our living, constantly remake. -
Robert Penn Warren - The past is never dead it's not even past. -
Gavin Stevens (William Faulkner) - Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to
repeat it. - Geroge Santayana - History, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be
unlived, but if faced with courage, need not be
lived again. - Maya Angelou - History is more or less bunk. It's tradition. We
don't want tradition. We want to live in the
present and the only history that is worth a
tinker's damn is the history we make today. -
Henry Ford - History is just one damned thing after another.
-Arnold Toynbee
6The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
- Session 4
- The SHomamish
- Contact 1792 to 1860
- Settlement 1860 to 1893
- Session 5
- Boom - Industry and Agriculture 1893 to 1920
- Decline and Depression 1920 to 1940
- War and Boom 1940 to 1960
- Hippies and Professionals 1960 to 1980
- Growth 1980 to Present
7The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
- Big Five Transformations
- Seven Enduring Patterns
8Big Five Transformations
- Arrival of Humans
- South to North Focus
- Separate Communities to an Island Community
- Natural Resource to Human Resource toWealth
Based Economy - Republican to DemocraticMale to Female Politics
9Seven Enduring Patterns
- Vashon-Maury Exceptionalism
- Old Timers vs. Newcomers
- Boom and Bust Economy
- Pioneer Mindset
- Dependence
- Scapegoating
- Bigotry
10Native People - The SHomamish
Native Canoes Oliver Van Olinda
11Native People - The SHomamish
- Roxanne Thayer - Vashon Island Archaeological
Project - Video - Vashons and Maury Islands Hands Across
Time
12Native People - The SHomamish Hands Across Time
SHomamish Memorial - McMurray Middleschool
13Native People - The SHomamish
Vashons and Maury Island Hands Across Time
- SHomamish at site over 1,000 years
- Diet of shellfish, fish, mammals and birds
- 9,000 ybp artifacts
14The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893
Matthew Bridges
Sxwayxwey
15Contact 1792 to 1860
- The SHomamish at Contact
- First Contact - 1792 British - George
Vancouver - Second Contact - 1841 American - Charles
Wilkes - Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Salish Little Spirit
16Contact 1792 to 1860 The SHomamish at Contact
- Coastal Salish Culture
- Island Population and Villages
- Success leads to Failure
- spalac ( capsizing )
Susie - Van Olinda
17The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
- Nomadic Hunters 12,000 pb, Riverine Marpole 5000
pb - Proto-Salish - 3500 bp
- Coastal Salish - 1500 pb
- Proto-Puyallup Puyallupamish - Puyallup
River T'Kawkamish - Upper Puyallup
River Sxwob-abc - Gig Harbor - Wollochet
Bay SHomamish - Vashon Island
Salish Basket
18The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
- Salish Village - Vancouver Island
19The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
Salish Mat Cutter
Salish Rattle
20The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
Salish Temporary Shelter
Sxwayxwey
21The SHomamish at Contact Island Population and
Villages
- Population _at_ 650 SHomamish
- Five Village Sites
- Eight Temporary Sites
22The SHomamish at Contact Island Population
- Estimate about 650 SHomamish on Vashon at
Contact - 1838-9 Census - 315 (100 males, 89 females, 56
boys, 69 girls, 1 slave, 10 guns, 28 canoes)
after 1st wave of diseases killed 1/2 to 1/3
of population ( _at_ 630) - 1852 - 40 SHomamish, 1854 - 33 SHomamish after
3 more waves of epidemics sweep Puget Sound
killing 1/2 to 1/3 ( 315 2 157 2 78
2 39 ) - House Estimate - 5 villages, 19 houses, 5 family
compartments per house, average family of 6
to 8 persons equals 570 to 760 inhabitants
23The SHomamish at Contact Island Villages
- Five Village Sites Burton, Shawnee,
Quartermaster, Manzanita, Tahlequah - Temporary Sites Assembly Point, Jensen Point,
Kingsbury Beach, Newport, Burton Inner Harbor,
Dockton, Ellisport, Peter Point
24The SHomamish at Contact Island Villages
Peter Point
Ellisport
Quartermaster
Newport
Kingsbury
Inner Burton
Burton
Jensen Point
Shawnee
Dockton
Manzanita
Tahlequah
25The SHomamish at Contact Success Leads to
Failure
- TEK - Traditional Ecological Knowledge
- Mobility - Canoes
- Sharing Resources - Intermarriage
- Long Houses
- Gathering and Storing Food
- Social Organization of Villages
- Shaman Medicine
Salish Basket Weaver
26The SHomamish at Contact spaláê (capsizing)
- Canoe Culture - loss of stability
- Ancient World replaced
- Disease 1520s first pandemic 1775 -
smallpox 1802 - smallpox 1833-34 - intermittent
fever (influenza or malaria) 1843 -
smallpox 1847 - measles 1853 -
smallpox venereal diseases - silent killers and
generally not mentioned
Salish transport canoe
27Break
Marjorie Stanley Forest, Vashon Terry Donnelly
28Contact 1792 to 1860
- First Contact - 1792 British - George
Vancouver - Second Contact - 1841 American - Charles
Wilkes - Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Salish Little Spirit
29Contact 1792 to 1860 First Contact 1792 to
1841 - British
- European Expansion
- Guns Germs and Steel
- George Vancouver
- Middle Ground
- John Work 1824 Nisqually House 1833
Commencement Bay - Vancouver Expedition
30First Contact - European Expansion
- Competition for PNW - Britain, Spain, France,
Russia, United States - Late 18th Century Britains emerging
dominance Spain experiencing decline France
racked by Revolution Russia focuses on
Alaska US - emerging as a nation
31First Contact - Guns, Germs Steel
- Jared Diamond - physiologist - Professor of
Geography - Guns - development of weapons and military
organization - Germs - agricultural societies led large
populations, which led to cities with dense
populations, and a rich diversity of
deadly pathogens - Steel - writing led to information exchange and
the development of highly organized societies
which could produce material goods
32First Contact - George Vancouver
- George Vancouver
- (1757-1798)
33First Contact - Vashon named May 28, 1792
James Vashon(1742-1827)
34First Contact - Middle Ground
- Richard Whites concept not a metaphor for
compromise - creative, and often expedient,
misunderstandings - "whites could neither dictate to Indians nor
ignore them. - "the place in between in between cultures,
peoples, and in between empires and the non-state
world of villages. - two peoples created an elaborate network of
economic, political, cultural, and social ties to
meet the demands of a particular historical
situation. - It is both place and process. The Middle Ground,
refuses to deny or assert the primacy of one or
the other.
35First ContactJohn Work 1824 Nisqually House
1833
Salish Canoe
36Contact 1792 to 1860
- Second Contact - 1841 American - Charles
Wilkes - Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Salish Little Spirit
37Contact 1792 to 1860 Second Contact 1841 to
1854 - American
- American Manifest Destiny
- American Exploring Expedition
- Charles Wilkes
- Maury, Colvocoresses, and Quartermasters
- American law-bringers
38Second Contact - American Manifest Destiny
- American Society in mid-19th Century -
- Achieving, Acquisitive, Non-pluralistic, and
Ethnocentric - Expansive - territorially and economically
- Expansive - self-serving (added material
wealth) altruistic (spread American democracy
and capitalism)
39Second Contact - American Exploring Expedition
- First maritime expedition sponsored by the United
States. First formal American entry in Puget
Sound. - Last major voyage of exploration by sail - 6
ships - Purpose was to provide charts for whaling,
Explore the S. Am. Coast, Look for Antarctic
landmass, Survey Pacific Islands, Survey San
Francisco Bay, and gather information about the
Oregon Territory - Plants collected became the basis for the
National Herbarium, the National Botanical
Gardens, and in 1857 the Smithsonian collection - Ensured Oregon Territory became part of US not
Canada.
40Second Contact - Charles Wilkes
1860s
1840s
41Second Contact - Maury Island named for
Lt.William Maury - May 1841
42Second Contact - Colvocoresses, and Quartermasters
- Lt. George Mucoloss Colvocoresses - Greek
Immigrant serving aboard the Vincennes
- Colvos Passage - The Quartermasters - Quartermaster Harbor named
for the group Points - Beals (Dilworth) Artimus
Beals Heyer (KVI/Ellisport) Henry
Heyer Robinson (Lighthouse) - John
Robinson Piner (SE Maury) Thomas Piner Neill
(SE Vashon) - William Neill Dalco (SW Vashon)
uncertain? Sandford (Reddings Beach) - Thomas
Sandford Southworth - Edward Southworth
43Second Contact The Quartermasters
Pt. Southworth
Pt. Beals (Dilworth)
Pt. Heyer (KVI/Ellisport
Pt. Sandford (Reddings Beach)
Pt. Robinson (Lighthouse)
Quartermaster Harbor named for the group
Piner Pt.
Neill Pt.
Pt. Dalco
44Second Contact - American law-bringers
- Savage vs Civilized
- Noble Savage ideal
- Multiple points of viewcomplicated
relations Federal - Army and Indian
Agents Territorial Government - in Oregon White
Settlers - diverse contentious group Native
People - diverse opinions - Indian Policy sought to pacify, de-tribalize,
civilize, and transform native to be like
Whites
45Contact 1792 to 1860
- Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Salish Little Spirit
46Contact 1792 to 1860 Treaty, War, Internment,
and Reservation 1854-60
- Settler Dependence
- Isaac Stevens - Governor, Indian Agent, Chief of
Railroad Survey - She-nah-nam/Medicine Creek Treaty 1854
- Unrest and Relocation ( First Internment- 1855
) - Puget Sound War 1855-56
- Puyallup Reservation
47Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation Settler
Dependence
- Dependent on Native People - food, knowledge,
trade - Dependent on Government - Surveys - way to
identify land Donation Land Claims Act/Homestead
Act - free land Security - Army and
Navy Territory status - - Dependent on water transportation - later
railroads - Dependent on personal resources and outside
markets
48Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation Isaac
Stevens - Governor, Indian Agent, Chief of
Railroad Survey
49Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
She-nah-nam/Medicine Creek Treaty 1854
- Americans
- Extinguish native title to lands - hereby cede,
relinquish and convey to the United States, all
their right, title, and interest in, and to the
lands and country occupied by them. - Progressive - based on Omaha, Otto and Missouri
Treaties -
- Native People
- Ten tribes - Puyallup, Nisqually, and Saxson
Groups - Reservations plus 20 years of payments totaling
32,500 - Agricultural and Industrial School and a
physician - Acknowledge dependence on US, agree not to be
hostile, and agree not to trade with British
The right of taking fish, at all usual and
accustomed grounds and stations, is further
secured to said Indians in common with all
citizens of the Territory, and of erecting
temporary houses for the purpose of curing,
together with the privilege of hunting, gathering
roots and berries.
50Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Unrest and Relocation ( First Internment - 1855
)
- Native People distrusted Treaty from the
beginning Chinook Jargon, Forged
signatures Reservation sites not
acceptable Created tribes from diverse
village groups - 1855 Wa. Territorial legislature outlawed
marriage to Indians - 7 Relocation Sites - Gig Harbor, Port Orchard and
Vashons Island in this area - Internment - Fox Island - December 1855 to
September 1856 traditional winter supplies and
housing not moved - 20 died - over 40 sick
51Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation Puget
Sound War 1855-56
- Few battles - October 1855 - White River Valley
settlers killed December 1855 - Lt. Slaughter
killed January 1856 - Battle of Seattle March
1856 - Connells Prairie one day battle - Chief Leschi captures Fox Island and holds for 2
days - February 19, 1858 Chief Leschi tried and hanged
for murder of Colonel Moses during battle - 2004
Wa State recognized injustice - Post-War atrocities
52Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Puyallup Reservation
- 1,280 acres 1856 expanded to 18,062 acres
- 1877 Dawes Act - individual allotments -
- 1893 - statue allowed sales - 1/3 of
reservation sold to whites - 1934 Indian Reorganization Act - Puyallup Tribal
Council - 1984 - settlement of land rights - 77.4 million
53Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation The
SHomamish
- Less than 30 individuals
- Removed from Vashon
- Placed on Reservation
- Culture Decimated
- But they do not go away!
Quartermaster Dock circa 1890
54Early Settlement 1860 to 1893
Berry Pickers 1894
55Early Settlement 1860 to 1893Pattern of
Development Set
- Land Claims - Carlton Berry Survey 1857 - 1st
claim 1865 - 1878 half of island claimed - by
1888 nearly all claimed - Transportation - Waterlink, Railroad, Roads
- Society Formed - Communities, Churches, Schools,
Organizations - Economics - Hourglass Economy Logging,
Agriculture, Fishing, Mining, Industry,
Tourism, Retail Centers - Political - Hinterland to Oregon Territory
(1948), Washington Territory (State in 1889),
and King County (formed in 1852) - Discrimination - Native People, Chinese,
Southerners
56Early Settlement 1860 to 1893
- Founder Principle or Founder Effect Island
Biogeography - founding population is subset of
the possible populations and thus limit
possibilities of how the area develops - Founders set pattern for development
- Representative Founders for Each Era- archetypes
that help shape Vashon Island
57Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 Founders
- Loggers - Matthew and Mary Bridges
- Farmers - Salmon and Eliza Sherman
- Entrepreneurs - Miles and Tamar Hatch
- Chautauqua
- Failures - Matilda Jane Carman and Tom Redding
- Native People - Tom and Lucy Gurand
Cutting Hay Zarth Farm
58Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders Loggers
- Matthew and Mary Bridges
- Matthew Bridges at Clam Cove
59Early Settlement 1860 to 1893- Founders Farmers
- Salmon and Eliza Sherman
Fort Necessity - 1890
Sherman House 1889
60Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders
Entrepreneurs - Miles and Tamar Hatch
61Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders The
Chautauqua 1888 to 1920
- The Chautauqua Hotel, Houses and Tents _at_ 1892
62Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders
Failures - Matilda Jane Carman and Tom Redding
Mary F. Pearley Capt. Tom Redding
63Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders Native
People - Tom and Lucy Gurand
- Tom and Lucy Gurand at Quartermaster Dock
64Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 Pattern Set
- This Era set the basic pattern for Vashon
- Founders set Pattern
- Separate Water-Focused Communities with
Churches, Schools, and Organizations - Extractive Resource Economic -
Logging,Agriculture, Fishing,
and Mining - First Roads set pattern - N/S Highway E/W
Roads - Pattern of Discrimination - Native People,
Chinese, Southerners
65The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Fisher Pond, Vashon, Washington by Terry Donnelly