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Title: Vashon 101: A Journey Just Begun


1
Vashon 101 A Journey Just Begun
Vashon Island - Ray Pfortner
2
Vashon 101 A Journey Just Begun

The Human History of an Island
Vashon-Maury IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Bruce Haulman Roxanne Thayer - Hands Across
Time Bonnie Shride Mary Jo Barrentine -
ResidentsPhotographs - VMIHA, Terry Donnelly,
Ray Pfortner
3
Vashon 101 A Journey Just Begun

The Human History of an Island
Vashon-Maury IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Session FourThe SHomamish, Contact, and
Settlement Session FiveSeparate Villages to an
Island Community
4
The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
  • Vashon History Project
  • www.vashonhistory.com
  • Four projects Timeline
  • Place Names
  • Photographs
  • Bibliography

5
The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
  • History is who we are and why we are the way we
    are. - David McCullough
  • Historical sense and poetic sense should not, in
    the end, be contradictory, for if poetry is the
    little myth we make, history is the big myth we
    live, and in our living, constantly remake. -
    Robert Penn Warren
  • The past is never dead it's not even past. -
    Gavin Stevens (William Faulkner)
  • Those who cannot learn from history are doomed to
    repeat it. - Geroge Santayana
  • History, despite its wrenching pain, cannot be
    unlived, but if faced with courage, need not be
    lived again. - Maya Angelou
  • History is more or less bunk. It's tradition. We
    don't want tradition. We want to live in the
    present and the only history that is worth a
    tinker's damn is the history we make today. -
    Henry Ford
  • History is just one damned thing after another.
    -Arnold Toynbee

6
The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
  • Session 4
  • The SHomamish
  • Contact 1792 to 1860
  • Settlement 1860 to 1893
  • Session 5
  • Boom - Industry and Agriculture 1893 to 1920
  • Decline and Depression 1920 to 1940
  • War and Boom 1940 to 1960
  • Hippies and Professionals 1960 to 1980
  • Growth 1980 to Present

7
The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
  • Big Five Transformations
  • Seven Enduring Patterns

8
Big Five Transformations
  • Arrival of Humans
  • South to North Focus
  • Separate Communities to an Island Community
  • Natural Resource to Human Resource toWealth
    Based Economy
  • Republican to DemocraticMale to Female Politics

9
Seven Enduring Patterns
  • Vashon-Maury Exceptionalism
  • Old Timers vs. Newcomers
  • Boom and Bust Economy
  • Pioneer Mindset
  • Dependence
  • Scapegoating
  • Bigotry

10
Native People - The SHomamish
Native Canoes Oliver Van Olinda
11
Native People - The SHomamish
  • Roxanne Thayer - Vashon Island Archaeological
    Project
  • Video - Vashons and Maury Islands Hands Across
    Time

12
Native People - The SHomamish Hands Across Time

SHomamish Memorial - McMurray Middleschool
13
Native People - The SHomamish
Vashons and Maury Island Hands Across Time
  • SHomamish at site over 1,000 years
  • Diet of shellfish, fish, mammals and birds
  • 9,000 ybp artifacts

14
The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893
  • Contact 1792 to 1860

Matthew Bridges
Sxwayxwey
15
Contact 1792 to 1860
  • The SHomamish at Contact
  • First Contact - 1792 British - George
    Vancouver
  • Second Contact - 1841 American - Charles
    Wilkes
  • Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation

Salish Little Spirit
16
Contact 1792 to 1860 The SHomamish at Contact
  • Coastal Salish Culture
  • Island Population and Villages
  • Success leads to Failure
  • spalac ( capsizing )

Susie - Van Olinda
17
The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
  • Nomadic Hunters 12,000 pb, Riverine Marpole 5000
    pb
  • Proto-Salish - 3500 bp
  • Coastal Salish - 1500 pb
  • Proto-Puyallup Puyallupamish - Puyallup
    River T'Kawkamish - Upper Puyallup
    River Sxwob-abc - Gig Harbor - Wollochet
    Bay SHomamish - Vashon Island

Salish Basket
18
The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
  • Salish Village - Vancouver Island

19
The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
Salish Mat Cutter
Salish Rattle
20
The SHomamish at Contact Coastal Salish Culture
Salish Temporary Shelter
Sxwayxwey
21
The SHomamish at Contact Island Population and
Villages
  • Population _at_ 650 SHomamish
  • Five Village Sites
  • Eight Temporary Sites

22
The SHomamish at Contact Island Population
  • Estimate about 650 SHomamish on Vashon at
    Contact
  • 1838-9 Census - 315 (100 males, 89 females, 56
    boys, 69 girls, 1 slave, 10 guns, 28 canoes)
    after 1st wave of diseases killed 1/2 to 1/3
    of population ( _at_ 630)
  • 1852 - 40 SHomamish, 1854 - 33 SHomamish after
    3 more waves of epidemics sweep Puget Sound
    killing 1/2 to 1/3 ( 315 2 157 2 78
    2 39 )
  • House Estimate - 5 villages, 19 houses, 5 family
    compartments per house, average family of 6
    to 8 persons equals 570 to 760 inhabitants

23
The SHomamish at Contact Island Villages
  • Five Village Sites Burton, Shawnee,
    Quartermaster, Manzanita, Tahlequah
  • Temporary Sites Assembly Point, Jensen Point,
    Kingsbury Beach, Newport, Burton Inner Harbor,
    Dockton, Ellisport, Peter Point

24
The SHomamish at Contact Island Villages
Peter Point
Ellisport
Quartermaster
Newport
Kingsbury
Inner Burton
Burton
Jensen Point
Shawnee
Dockton
Manzanita
Tahlequah
25
The SHomamish at Contact Success Leads to
Failure
  • TEK - Traditional Ecological Knowledge
  • Mobility - Canoes
  • Sharing Resources - Intermarriage
  • Long Houses
  • Gathering and Storing Food
  • Social Organization of Villages
  • Shaman Medicine

Salish Basket Weaver
26
The SHomamish at Contact spaláê (capsizing)
  • Canoe Culture - loss of stability
  • Ancient World replaced
  • Disease 1520s first pandemic 1775 -
    smallpox 1802 - smallpox 1833-34 - intermittent
    fever (influenza or malaria) 1843 -
    smallpox 1847 - measles 1853 -
    smallpox venereal diseases - silent killers and
    generally not mentioned

Salish transport canoe
27
Break
Marjorie Stanley Forest, Vashon Terry Donnelly
28
Contact 1792 to 1860
  • First Contact - 1792 British - George
    Vancouver
  • Second Contact - 1841 American - Charles
    Wilkes
  • Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation

Salish Little Spirit
29
Contact 1792 to 1860 First Contact 1792 to
1841 - British
  • European Expansion
  • Guns Germs and Steel
  • George Vancouver
  • Middle Ground
  • John Work 1824 Nisqually House 1833

Commencement Bay - Vancouver Expedition
30
First Contact - European Expansion
  • Competition for PNW - Britain, Spain, France,
    Russia, United States
  • Late 18th Century Britains emerging
    dominance Spain experiencing decline France
    racked by Revolution Russia focuses on
    Alaska US - emerging as a nation

31
First Contact - Guns, Germs Steel
  • Jared Diamond - physiologist - Professor of
    Geography
  • Guns - development of weapons and military
    organization
  • Germs - agricultural societies led large
    populations, which led to cities with dense
    populations, and a rich diversity of
    deadly pathogens
  • Steel - writing led to information exchange and
    the development of highly organized societies
    which could produce material goods

32
First Contact - George Vancouver
  • George Vancouver
  • (1757-1798)

33
First Contact - Vashon named May 28, 1792
James Vashon(1742-1827)
34
First Contact - Middle Ground
  • Richard Whites concept not a metaphor for
    compromise
  • creative, and often expedient,
    misunderstandings
  • "whites could neither dictate to Indians nor
    ignore them.
  • "the place in between in between cultures,
    peoples, and in between empires and the non-state
    world of villages.
  • two peoples created an elaborate network of
    economic, political, cultural, and social ties to
    meet the demands of a particular historical
    situation.
  • It is both place and process. The Middle Ground,
    refuses to deny or assert the primacy of one or
    the other.

35
First ContactJohn Work 1824 Nisqually House
1833
Salish Canoe
36
Contact 1792 to 1860
  • Second Contact - 1841 American - Charles
    Wilkes
  • Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation

Salish Little Spirit
37
Contact 1792 to 1860 Second Contact 1841 to
1854 - American
  • American Manifest Destiny
  • American Exploring Expedition
  • Charles Wilkes
  • Maury, Colvocoresses, and Quartermasters
  • American law-bringers

38
Second Contact - American Manifest Destiny
  • American Society in mid-19th Century -
  • Achieving, Acquisitive, Non-pluralistic, and
    Ethnocentric
  • Expansive - territorially and economically
  • Expansive - self-serving (added material
    wealth) altruistic (spread American democracy
    and capitalism)

39
Second Contact - American Exploring Expedition
  • First maritime expedition sponsored by the United
    States. First formal American entry in Puget
    Sound.
  • Last major voyage of exploration by sail - 6
    ships
  • Purpose was to provide charts for whaling,
    Explore the S. Am. Coast, Look for Antarctic
    landmass, Survey Pacific Islands, Survey San
    Francisco Bay, and gather information about the
    Oregon Territory
  • Plants collected became the basis for the
    National Herbarium, the National Botanical
    Gardens, and in 1857 the Smithsonian collection
  • Ensured Oregon Territory became part of US not
    Canada.

40
Second Contact - Charles Wilkes
1860s
1840s
41
Second Contact - Maury Island named for
Lt.William Maury - May 1841
42
Second Contact - Colvocoresses, and Quartermasters
  • Lt. George Mucoloss Colvocoresses - Greek
    Immigrant serving aboard the Vincennes
    - Colvos Passage
  • The Quartermasters - Quartermaster Harbor named
    for the group Points - Beals (Dilworth) Artimus
    Beals Heyer (KVI/Ellisport) Henry
    Heyer Robinson (Lighthouse) - John
    Robinson Piner (SE Maury) Thomas Piner Neill
    (SE Vashon) - William Neill Dalco (SW Vashon)
    uncertain? Sandford (Reddings Beach) - Thomas
    Sandford Southworth - Edward Southworth

43
Second Contact The Quartermasters
Pt. Southworth
Pt. Beals (Dilworth)
Pt. Heyer (KVI/Ellisport
Pt. Sandford (Reddings Beach)
Pt. Robinson (Lighthouse)
Quartermaster Harbor named for the group
Piner Pt.
Neill Pt.
Pt. Dalco
44
Second Contact - American law-bringers
  • Savage vs Civilized
  • Noble Savage ideal
  • Multiple points of viewcomplicated
    relations Federal - Army and Indian
    Agents Territorial Government - in Oregon White
    Settlers - diverse contentious group Native
    People - diverse opinions
  • Indian Policy sought to pacify, de-tribalize,
    civilize, and transform native to be like
    Whites

45
Contact 1792 to 1860
  • Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation

Salish Little Spirit
46
Contact 1792 to 1860 Treaty, War, Internment,
and Reservation 1854-60
  • Settler Dependence
  • Isaac Stevens - Governor, Indian Agent, Chief of
    Railroad Survey
  • She-nah-nam/Medicine Creek Treaty 1854
  • Unrest and Relocation ( First Internment- 1855
    )
  • Puget Sound War 1855-56
  • Puyallup Reservation

47
Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation Settler
Dependence
  • Dependent on Native People - food, knowledge,
    trade
  • Dependent on Government - Surveys - way to
    identify land Donation Land Claims Act/Homestead
    Act - free land Security - Army and
    Navy Territory status -
  • Dependent on water transportation - later
    railroads
  • Dependent on personal resources and outside
    markets

48
Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation Isaac
Stevens - Governor, Indian Agent, Chief of
Railroad Survey
49
Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
She-nah-nam/Medicine Creek Treaty 1854
  • Americans
  • Extinguish native title to lands - hereby cede,
    relinquish and convey to the United States, all
    their right, title, and interest in, and to the
    lands and country occupied by them.
  • Progressive - based on Omaha, Otto and Missouri
    Treaties -
  • Native People
  • Ten tribes - Puyallup, Nisqually, and Saxson
    Groups
  • Reservations plus 20 years of payments totaling
    32,500
  • Agricultural and Industrial School and a
    physician
  • Acknowledge dependence on US, agree not to be
    hostile, and agree not to trade with British

The right of taking fish, at all usual and
accustomed grounds and stations, is further
secured to said Indians in common with all
citizens of the Territory, and of erecting
temporary houses for the purpose of curing,
together with the privilege of hunting, gathering
roots and berries.
50
Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Unrest and Relocation ( First Internment - 1855
)
  • Native People distrusted Treaty from the
    beginning Chinook Jargon, Forged
    signatures Reservation sites not
    acceptable Created tribes from diverse
    village groups
  • 1855 Wa. Territorial legislature outlawed
    marriage to Indians
  • 7 Relocation Sites - Gig Harbor, Port Orchard and
    Vashons Island in this area
  • Internment - Fox Island - December 1855 to
    September 1856 traditional winter supplies and
    housing not moved - 20 died - over 40 sick

51
Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation Puget
Sound War 1855-56
  • Few battles - October 1855 - White River Valley
    settlers killed December 1855 - Lt. Slaughter
    killed January 1856 - Battle of Seattle March
    1856 - Connells Prairie one day battle
  • Chief Leschi captures Fox Island and holds for 2
    days
  • February 19, 1858 Chief Leschi tried and hanged
    for murder of Colonel Moses during battle - 2004
    Wa State recognized injustice
  • Post-War atrocities

52
Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation
Puyallup Reservation
  • 1,280 acres 1856 expanded to 18,062 acres
  • 1877 Dawes Act - individual allotments -
  • 1893 - statue allowed sales - 1/3 of
    reservation sold to whites
  • 1934 Indian Reorganization Act - Puyallup Tribal
    Council
  • 1984 - settlement of land rights - 77.4 million

53
Treaty, War, Internment, and Reservation The
SHomamish
  • Less than 30 individuals
  • Removed from Vashon
  • Placed on Reservation
  • Culture Decimated
  • But they do not go away!

Quartermaster Dock circa 1890
54
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893
  • Ellisport 1892

Berry Pickers 1894
55
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893Pattern of
Development Set
  • Land Claims - Carlton Berry Survey 1857 - 1st
    claim 1865 - 1878 half of island claimed - by
    1888 nearly all claimed
  • Transportation - Waterlink, Railroad, Roads
  • Society Formed - Communities, Churches, Schools,
    Organizations
  • Economics - Hourglass Economy Logging,
    Agriculture, Fishing, Mining, Industry,
    Tourism, Retail Centers
  • Political - Hinterland to Oregon Territory
    (1948), Washington Territory (State in 1889),
    and King County (formed in 1852)
  • Discrimination - Native People, Chinese,
    Southerners

56
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893
  • Founder Principle or Founder Effect Island
    Biogeography - founding population is subset of
    the possible populations and thus limit
    possibilities of how the area develops
  • Founders set pattern for development
  • Representative Founders for Each Era- archetypes
    that help shape Vashon Island

57
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 Founders
  • Loggers - Matthew and Mary Bridges
  • Farmers - Salmon and Eliza Sherman
  • Entrepreneurs - Miles and Tamar Hatch
  • Chautauqua
  • Failures - Matilda Jane Carman and Tom Redding
  • Native People - Tom and Lucy Gurand

Cutting Hay Zarth Farm
58
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders Loggers
- Matthew and Mary Bridges
  • Matthew Bridges at Clam Cove

59
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893- Founders Farmers
- Salmon and Eliza Sherman
Fort Necessity - 1890
Sherman House 1889
60
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders
Entrepreneurs - Miles and Tamar Hatch
  • Miles Hatch on right

61
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders The
Chautauqua 1888 to 1920
  • The Chautauqua Hotel, Houses and Tents _at_ 1892

62
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders
Failures - Matilda Jane Carman and Tom Redding
  • ?Matilda Jane Carman

Mary F. Pearley Capt. Tom Redding
63
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 - Founders Native
People - Tom and Lucy Gurand
  • Tom and Lucy Gurand at Quartermaster Dock

64
Early Settlement 1860 to 1893 Pattern Set
  • This Era set the basic pattern for Vashon
  • Founders set Pattern
  • Separate Water-Focused Communities with
    Churches, Schools, and Organizations
  • Extractive Resource Economic -
    Logging,Agriculture, Fishing,
    and Mining
  • First Roads set pattern - N/S Highway E/W
    Roads
  • Pattern of Discrimination - Native People,
    Chinese, Southerners

65
The Human History of an IslandOrdinary People,
Extraordinary History
Fisher Pond, Vashon, Washington by Terry Donnelly
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