Literary Devices

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Literary Devices

• Short Story Objectives

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• Robert Frost
• said that a poem should begin in delight and
  end in wisdom.

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• Robert Frost was a farmer, teacher, and a writer.
• He called himself a synecdochist (a small part of
  a big thing).

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• He was a realist and a naturalist.
• He was like a potato with the dirt washed off.

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• He didnt dwell on the ugly or sordid he liked
  to write about the common every day life.

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• Longfellow
• Didnt write about the conflicts of the day,
  although he did write some anti-slavery poems

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• Longfellow
• had a long beard to cover scars from trying to
  save his wife from a house fire

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• Longfellow
• Poetry was very strict to the rules.
• His style was outdated.

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• Longfellow
• He was didactic - He wanted to teach some kind of
  moral.

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• Longfellow
• For those reasons, Poe didnt like him.

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• Edgar Allan Poe
• He said..
• 1) a poem should not be didactic - teaching.

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• 2) a poem should be short.
• 3) a poem should be a creation of beauty.

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• 4) a poem should have a beautiful woman as its
  best subject.

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• Edgar Allen was fascinated with death and the
  supernatural.

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• He was a drug addict.
• He married his 13, almost 14, year-old-cousin.

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• At age 40, he died of a morphine overdose.

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• 1)Poetry - imaginative writing in which language,
  images, sounds, and rhythm combine to create a
  special emotional effect

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2. Symbol - any person, place or thing that
stands for something else.Ex Eagles symbolize
freedom.
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3.Simile - Figure of speech that compares unlike
things using like or as-She is as sweet as
pie.
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4. Metaphor - a figure of speech that compares
two unlike thingsThat car is a lemon.
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5. Extended metaphor- to use a metaphor
throughout a poem
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6. Narrative poetry - poetry that tells a story
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7. Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
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• 8. Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2
  kinds

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• 9. End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines
• 10. Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line

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11. Alliteration -the repetition of consonant
sounds(Betty Botter bought some butter.)
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• 12. Personification - a figure of speech in which
  something not human is given a human personality
  or characteristics.

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• 13. Exposition introduction to story (creates
  tone, gives setting, and introduces characters).

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• 14)setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual
  background of a story.

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• 4 elements of setting
• 1) geographical location
• 2)daily living of characters
• 3)the time or period in which the action takes
  place
• 4)general environment

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• 15. plot - the sequence of events
• Components of plot conflict,rising action,
  climax, falling action, resolution
• http//www.flanaganhighschool.com/fcatstrat/week19
  .htm

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• 16. atmosphere - the general mood or feeling

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• 17) Climax - the readers highest emotional
  involvement in the work
• 18)Short story - a brief account of fictional
  events

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• 19)Point of view - the relationship of the author
  to the work
• 1st person - I, Me, etc.
• 2nd person - You, Your, etc.
• 3rd person - He, She, etc.

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• 20)conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing
  forces.

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• 4 Kinds
• 1) struggle w/ nature
• 2) struggle w/ another person
• 3) struggle w/ society
• 4) struggle w/in

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• 21. suspense - the anticipation as to the outcome
  of events
• Question of how, what, who?
• Question of when?

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• 22.haiku Japanese poem that consists of three
  lines.
• The 1st and 3rd lines have 5 syllables.
• The 2nd line has 7 syllables.

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• 23.concrete poem a poem with a shape that
  suggests its meaning. EX a football shaped
  poem

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• 24.free verse a poem that has no definite
  pattern, line length, or rhyme scheme.

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• 25.lyric poem a short, musical poem that
  expresses observations or feelings usually has
  stanzas usually represent the poet as I

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• 26.Stanza - A group of lines forming a unit in a
  poem

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• 27. Imagery - language that appeals to the senses.

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• 28)Theme - underlying idea in a work

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• 29. Repetition - a device using the same word or
  phrase to show emphasis

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• Emily Dickinson
• Two things in her writing
• 1)compression of thought (putting a lot of
  meaning in fewer words)

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• Emily Dickinson
• 2) apharisms (short poems)
• Her titles are the first lines of the poems.

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• Emily Dickinson
• Poetry was sharp and intense.
• Poems were simple and passionate.
• Ideas were witty, rebellious, and original.

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• Emily Dickinson
• She had an acute awareness of the senses.
• She used assonance often.

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• Emily Dickinson
• She wore white, avoided people, and was different
  from other girls.
• She was eccentric.

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• Emily Dickinson
• Before she died, she would not leave her room.
• When she died, only seven of her poems were
  published.

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• 30. Memoir autobiographical (about ones own
  life) writing that deals with the writers memory
  of someone or significant event.

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• 31. Epic A long narrative poem or story that
  relates the deeds of a hero.

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• 10 Epic Conventions
• 1. Hero
• 2. Vast setting
• 3. Action consists of great courage
• 4. Supernatural forces
• 5. Simple story
• 6. Objective
• 7. Opens with a theme
• 8. Begins in the middle
• 9. Lots of lists
• 10. Speeches by main character

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32. Mood the emotional attitude that the author
takes toward the theme of the work
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• 33)Characterization-displaying a characters
  personality

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• Five Kinds
• 1) characters actions
• 2) characters speech
• 3)what other characters say
• 4)revealing characters thoughts
• 5) directly commenting

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34. Folk ballad - a form of verse to be sung or
recited, usually a story no known author35.
Literary ballad a story told in verse in which
the known author imitates a folk ballad
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36. Limerick a comical poem written in 5 lines,
rhymed in the pattern of aabba, and having a
definite pattern of rhythm
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• 37)Resolution- the final outcome of the story

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• 38) assonance repetition of vowel sounds
• 39) tone- attitude the writer takes toward
  his/her subject

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• 40) allusion a reference in one work of lit to
  a person, place, or event in another piece of
  lit.

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ARMT Practice
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• plot - the sequence of events
• Components of plot conflict,rising action,
  climax, falling action, resolution
• http//www.flanaganhighschool.com/fcatstrat/week19
  .htm

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• ARMT
• conflict - the struggle b/t two opposing forces.
  

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• 4 Kinds
• 1) struggle w/ nature
• 2) struggle w/ another person
• 3) struggle w/ society
• 4) struggle w/in

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• ARMT
• Climax - the readers highest emotional
  involvement in the work
• Resolution- the final outcome of the story

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• ARMT
• Resolution- the final outcome of the story

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• ARMT
• setting - the physical and sometimes spiritual
  background of a story.

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• 4 elements of setting
• 1) geographical location
• 2)daily living of characters
• 3)the time or period in which the action takes
  place
• 4)general environment

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• ARMT
• Characterization-displaying a characters
  personality

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• Five Kinds
• 1) characters actions
• 2) characters speech
• 3)what other characters say
• 4)revealing characters thoughts
• 5) directly commenting

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ARMT Folk ballad - a form of verse to be sung
or recited, usually a story no known author
Literary ballad a story told in verse in which
the known author imitates a folk ballad
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ARMT Limerick a comical poem written in 5
lines, rhymed in the pattern of aabba, and having
a definite pattern of rhythm
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• ARMT
• Epic A long narrative poem or story that
  relates the deeds of a hero.

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• 10 Epic Conventions
• 1. Hero
• 2. Vast setting
• 3. Action consists of great courage
• 4. Supernatural forces
• 5. Simple story
• 6. Objective
• 7. Opens with a theme
• 8. Begins in the middle
• 9. Lots of lists
• 10. Speeches by main character

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• ARMT
• haiku Japanese poem that consists of three
  lines.
• The 1st and 3rd lines have 5 syllables.
• The 2nd line has 7 syllables.

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• ARMT
• concrete poem a poem with a shape that suggests
  its meaning. EX a football shaped poem

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• ARMT
• free verse a poem that has no definite
  pattern, line length, or rhyme scheme.

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• ARMT
• lyric poem a short, musical poem that
  expresses observations or feelings usually has
  stanzas usually represent the poet as I

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ARMT Rhythm - the pattern of stressed and
unstressed syllables in a line of poetry
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• ARMT
• Rhyme - the repetition of similar sounds. 2
  kinds

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• ARMT
• End rhyme - rhymes come at the end of lines
• Internal rhyme - rhyme occurs within a line

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• ARMT
• Rhyme schemes

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41. Tall tale a highly improbable, humorous
story that stretches facts beyond any hope of
belief.
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• 42)drama- a literary work meant to be performed
  for an audience. 3 elements 1)Story
• 2)Told in Action
• 3) Actors who play the characters

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• 43. Script - the complete text in a play
• 44. Cast - list of characters

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• 45. Stage directions - describe the action and
  tell the characters what to do and how to do it

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• 46. Dialogue - what characters say
• 47. Scenery - everything used to show the setting

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• 48. Sound effects - sounds that are made for a
  play

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13. Inversion - the reversal of the normal order
of words in a sentenceEx A kiss, he did
receive.
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14. Assonance - the repetition of similar vowel
sounds
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• 19. Onomatopoeia - a word that sounds like its
  meaning (BZZZ).

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• 8)Foreshadowing- the use of hints or clues to
  suggest what action is about to occur

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• 21. Atmosphere - the general mood or feeling

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32. Mood the emotional attitude that the author
takes toward the theme of the work
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29. Total effect - overall impression
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• 30. humor - something intended to be funny

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• 31. allusion - a reference in one work of lit to
  a person, place, or event in another piece of
  lit., art, or history.

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• 33. flashback - an interruption of the action to
  tell about something that happened earlier in
  time.

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• 34. character - a person in a story, novel,
  poem, or play

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• 37. Biography - a story about someones life
  written by someone else.

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• Elements of a short story
• 1) Characters
• 2) plot
• 3)setting
• 4) theme

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• 38.Anecdote - a short story to make a point

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• 39. Myth - a story,often about gods and goddesses
  that attempts to give meaning to the world

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• 42. Hero - chief character in story usually
  brave, courageous, kind, honest, etc.

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• 44. Parody - humorous imitation of a serious
  piece of literature

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• 45. Comedy - a literary work with a generally
  happy ending can be serious at times

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• 46. Monologue - one speaker in front of an
  audience

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• 47. Irony - the contrast b/t what is expected to
  happen and really does

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• 3 kinds of irony
• 1) Dramatic irony- when the reader knows
  something the characters dont

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• 3 kinds of Irony
• 2)Verbal irony - when a character or author says
  something and means something else

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• 3 kinds of Irony
• 3)irony of situation - when the situation turns
  out differently from expected

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• 48. Subplot - a story within another story