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Cellular Respiration Mrs' Schenfields Life Science

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Title: Cellular Respiration Mrs' Schenfields Life Science


1
Cellular RespirationMrs. SchenfieldsLife
Science
2
Cellular Respiration Overview
  • Transformation of chemical energy in food into
    chemical energy cells can use ATP
  • These reactions proceed the same way in plants
    and animals. Process is called cellular
    respiration
  • Overall Reaction
  • C6H12O6 6O2 ? 6CO2 6H2O

3
Cellular Respiration Overview
  • Breakdown of glucose begins in the cytoplasm
    the liquid part called cytosol
  • Sugar is the most common energy source (some
    cells use fats and proteins
  • Requires many enzymes
  • The enzymes disassembly line takes the sugar
    apart, periodically releasing small amounts of
    energy that fuel the cell

4
Types of Cellular Respiration
  • At this point life diverges into two forms and
    two pathways
  • Anaerobic cellular respiration (fermentation)
  • Aerobic cellular respiration

5
Cellular Respiration Reactions
  • Glycolysis
  • Series of reactions which break the 6-carbon
    glucose molecule down into two 3-carbon molecules
    called pyruvate
  • Process is an ancient one-all organisms from
    simple bacteria to humans perform it the same way
  • Yields 2 ATP molecules for every one glucose
    molecule broken down

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7
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
  • Some organisms thrive in environments with little
    or no oxygen
  • Marshes, bogs, gut of animals, sewage treatment
    ponds
  • No oxygen used anaerobic
  • Results in no more ATP, final steps in these
    pathways serve ONLY to regenerate NAD so it can
    return to pick up more electrons and hydrogens in
    glycolysis.
  • End products such as ethanol and CO2 (single cell
    fungi (yeast) in beer/bread) or lactic acid
    (muscle cells)

8
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
  • Alcoholic Fermentation-some bacteria and fungi
    use this as their only source of energy.
  • Yeast in bread dough uses this and produces
    carbon dioxide that gets trapped in the dough and
    causes bread to rise.
  • Yeast is a leavening agent and is mentioned in
    the Bible.
  • (enzymes)
  • Sugar carbon dioxide 2-3 ATP

9
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
  • Lactic Acid Fermentation-produced and released by
    bacteria in yogurt, buttermilk, and sauerkraut.
  • If, when you exercise, you are not able to supply
    enough oxygen to muscle cells they will switch to
    anaerobic respiration which produces lactic acid.
  • The build of lactic acid causes soreness in
    muscles.
  • Not as efficient as aerobic cellular respiration

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11
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
  • Oxygen requiredaerobic
  • Mitochondria perform the recharging of ATP
    molecules by transferring energy from the sugar
    molecules to ATP.
  • (enzymes)
  • Sugar oxygen carbon dioxide water
    26-28 ATP
  • The cells of many organisms and your body perform
    this type of cellular respiration.

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Energy Tally
  • 36 ATP for aerobic vs. 2 ATP for anaerobic
  • Glycolysis 2 ATP
  • Krebs 2 ATP
  • Electron Transport 32 ATP
  • 36 ATP
  • Anaerobic organisms cant be too energetic but
    are important for global recycling of carbon

14
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