Title: Integumentary and Skeletal Systems I' Structure of Integument A' Layers 1' basement membrane 2' epid
1 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers 1.
basement membrane 2. epidermis 3. cuticle
Cuticle
Gland Cells
23. cuticle
2. epidermis
gland cell
1. basement membrane
3Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers 3.
cuticle a. Layers of cuticle 1)
endocuticle (non-sclerotized) a)
light bands b) dark bands
4Dark bands
endocuticle
Light band with lamellae
epidermis
5Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers 3.
cuticle a. Layers of cuticle 1)
endocuticle a) light bands b) dark bands
2) exocuticle (sclerotized)
6exocuticle
(molted exoskeleton exuviae)
7Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers 3.
cuticle a. Layers of cuticle 1)
endocuticle 2) exocuticle 3)
epicuticle
8epicuticle
9Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers 3.
cuticle a. Layers of cuticle
b. Chemical composition chitin fibers
embedded in a matrix of proteins 1)
chitin 25
C8H13O5N
10Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers 3.
cuticle a. Layers of cuticle b.
Chemical composition 1) chitin 2)
proteins 50
11 Types of cuticular proteins -- resilin
rubber like scaffolding -- sclerotins
undergo tanning process (sclerotization) --
arthropodins
12Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers 3.
cuticle a. Layers of cuticle b.
Chemical composition 1) chitin 2)
proteins 3) phenols quinones tanning
process
13Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers B. External
integumentary processes 1. spines --
multicellular -- hollow outgrowths of cuticle
lined with epidermis
14Spiny Devil Katydid
15Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers B.
External integumentary processes 1. spines
2. setae
16Structure of Insect Seta
collar of chitin
seta
cuticle
Tormogen cell (forms socket)
Tirchogen cell (secretes seta)
17Seta with sensory function sensillum
seta
cuticle
dendrite
Tormogen cell (forms socket)
Sensory neuron
Tirchogen cell (secretes seta)
axon
18Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument A. Layers B.
External integumentary processes C. Molting
and Growth -- molting ecdysis --
emergence from cuticle eclosion -- cast off
cuticle exuviae -- all molting and growth
occurs during developmental stages adult
insects do not molt or grow in size
19-
- Exoskeleton presents insects with two problems
- Must molt to grow (molting ecdysis)
-
-
-
exuviae
20-
- Exoskeleton presents insects with two problems
- Must metamorphosize into adult ( imago)
-
egg
larva
larva
imago
pupa
21- Molting and Growth 1. hormonal regulation
- a. neurosecretory cells in pars
intercerebralis produce prothoracicotropic
hormone (PTTH) stored in corpora alata released
into hemolymph - b. carried to prothoracic gland
- stimulates release of ecdysone
- c. ecdysone binds with nuclear
- receptors in cells of epidermis
- gene regulatory protein
- enters nuclei of epidermal cells
- activates gene programs
-
22- ecdysone causes 3 responses from epidermal cells
- apolysis forms exuvial space
- secrete molting fluid (chitinases proteases)
digests old endocuticle from bottom up - secrete new cuticle
- under old exocuticle
- epicuticle exocuticle
- endocuticle
- e. Brain releases eclosion
- hormone causes old
- exocuticle to split
- insect ecloses
- f. Expands new cuticle by pumping hemolymph
- or air release bursicon to cause
sclerotizatoin
Exocuticle
Endocuticle
23- Molting and Growth 2. molting and metamorphosis
- -- ecdysone produced by prothorasic gland
controls molting promotes adult characteristics - -- juvenile hormone (JH) produced by corpora
alata promotes larval characteristics
24if JH above threshold level ecdysone promotes
molting but larval characteristics are retained
next larval stage
JH Titer in Hemolymph
Threshold JH
if JH below threshold level ecdysone promotes
molting and development of adult characteristics
imago
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Pupa Adult
25Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsI.
Structure of Integument II. Insect Skeleton
composed of plates ( sclerites)
separated by membranous areas ( conjunctiva)
A. Head 1. cranium -- joined to
body by cervix -- composed of 4-7 fused
segments each with paired appendages
26 Insect Cranium
Coronal suture
Frontal suture
Frons
Gena
clypeus
Labial plap
labrum
Maxillary palp
mandible
27 cranium side view
28 Internal Components of Cranium Tentorium
(attachment points for muscles cradles the brain)
Dorsal tentorial arm
Foramen magnum
Posterior tentorial arm
clypeus
Anterior tentorial arm
labrum
29 cranium modifications
30 Order Homoptera Lantern fly head
31Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 1. cranium 2.
sensory structures a. compound eyes
-- composed of ommatidia
32 Insect Head sensory structures
Compound eye
33 Compound Eyes
34Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 1. cranium 2.
sensory structures a. compound eyes
b. ocelli
35 Insect Head sensory structures
ocellus
Compound eye
36 Compound Eyes and Ocelli
ocelli
37Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 1. cranium 2.
sensory structures a. compound eyes
b. ocelli c. antennae
38 Insect Head sensory structures
Antennal socket
scape
pedicel
flagellum
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40Figure 20.43d
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42Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 1. cranium 2.
sensory structures 3. mouthparts a.
generalized plan
43 Insect Mouthparts
clypeus
Labial plap
labrum
Maxillary palp
mandible
44 Mouthparts generalized plan
gena
frons
maxilla
clypeus
maxillary palp
labrum
labial palp
mandibles
45 Mouthparts generalized plan
46 Mouthparts hypopharynx and cibarium
47 Mouthparts hypopharynx and cibarium
pharynx
hypopharynx
mouth
clypeus
salivary duct
cibarium
labrum
labium
48Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 3. mouthparts
a. generalized plan b. feeding types
1) mandibulate (chewing)
49 Mandibulate Mouthparts
50 Mandibulate Mouthparts modifications
51(No Transcript)
52Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 3. mouthparts
a. generalized plan b. feeding
types 1) mandibulate 2)
haustellate (liquid feeders) a)
external fluid feeders (nectar animal
secretions etc.)
53 Haustellate Mouthparts external fluid feeders
54 Haustellate mouthparts siphoning
galea
55 Haustellate Mouthparts sponging
proboscis
labella
56 Haustellate mouthparts Chewing-lapping
57Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 3. mouthparts
a. generalized plan b. feeding types
1) mandibulate 2) haustellate
a) external fluid feeders b)
internal fluid feeders
(blood plant sap)
58Haustellate mouthparts internal fluid feeders
59Haustellate mouthparts mosquito
60Haustellate mouthparts flea
61Haustellate mouthparts cicada
62Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton A. Head 3. mouthparts
a. generalized plan b. feeding types
1) mandibulate 2)
haustellate 3) immature stages
63 Mouthparts immature stagesmandibulate
mouthparts
64 Mouthparts of immature stagesspinnerets of
lepidoterans and hymenopterans (maxillae
hypopharynx labium)
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66 Mouthparts of immature stagesspinnerets of
lepidoterans and hymenopterans
67 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton A. Head B. Thorax 1.
structure a. generalized thoracic
segment
68 Insect Thorax
roof notum or tergum floor sternum side
pleuron
69 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment
(tergum)
conjunctiva
sclerites
70Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton B. Thorax 1. structure
a. generalized thoracic segment 1) tergum
(notum) a) postnotum
71 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment tergum
alinotum
postnotum
phragma of pronotum
phragma
72 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment internal
phragma
wing
hemocoel
73pronotum
mesonotum
metanotum
phragma
dorso-longitudinal flight muscles
74Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton B. Thorax 1. structure
a. generalized thoracic segment
1) tergum (notum) a) postnotum
b) alinotum
75 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment tergum
alinotum
postnotum
scutum scutellum
scutoscutellar suture
anterior notal process
phragma
posterior notal process
76Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton B. Thorax 1. structure
a. generalized thoracic segment
1) tergum (notum) 2) pleuron a)
pleural suture
77 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment pleuron
epimeron
episternum
pleural suture
78 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment
pleural ridge
pleural suture
pleural apophysis
79Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton B. Thorax 1. structure
a. generalized thoracic segment 1)
tergum (notum) 2) pleuron
a) pleural suture b) wing
articulation points
80 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment pleuron
pleural wing process
basalar
subalar
epimeron
episternum
pleural suture
81Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton B. Thorax 1. structure
a. generalized thoracic segment 1)
tergum (notum) 2) pleuron
a) pleural suture b) wing
articulation points c) leg
articulation points
82 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment pleuron
pleural wing process
basalar
subalar
epimeron
episternum
pleural suture
coxal articulation
coxal cavity
trochantin
83 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton B. Thorax 1.
structure a. generalized thoracic
segment 1) tergum (notum) 2)
pleuron 3) sternum
84 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment
basisternum
sternellum
sternacostal suture
85 Generalized Mesothoracic Segment
sternal apophysis
sternacosta
sternacostal suture
86 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton B. Thorax 1.
structure a. generalized thoracic
segment 1) tergum (notum) 2)
pleuron 3) sternum b. Pronotum
87 pronotum modifications
88 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton B. Thorax 1.
structure a. generalized thoracic
segment b. pronotum 2. legs
a. generalized structure
89(No Transcript)
90 Tarsal Claws and Arolium
91 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton B. Thorax 1.
structure 2. legs a. generalized
structure b. modifications
92Insect Legs Types of movement
cursorial fossorial raptorial
saltatorial natatorial
93Insect Legs specialized structures Honey
bee
Foreleg antenna cleaner
Hindleg corbiculum
94 Pollen Forager
95 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton B. Thorax 2. legs
a. generalized structure b.
modifications 3. wings a.
generalized structure
96 Honey Bee Forewing
Wing veins
97 Insect Wing cross section
cuticle
epidermis
wing vein
hemocoel with hemolymph
trachea
98Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton B. Thorax 2. legs 3.
wings a. generalized structure
b. wing coupling devices
99forewing
hindwing
hindwing
forewing
100frenulum
Lepidoptera
Hymenoptera
jugum
101 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton B. Thorax 2. legs
3. wings a. generalized
structure b. wing coupling devices
c. modifications
102 Order Coleoptera
elytra
103Figure 20.30a
104 Order Mantodea
105Figure 20.30c
106Order Diptera True Flies
haltere
107Order Isoptera Order Hymenoptera ants
108Order Anoplura Order Siphonaptera
109 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton C. Abdomen 1.
generalized structure
110(cerci)
conjunctiva
111Order Hymenoptera
petiole
112Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII. Insect
Skeleton C. Abdomen 1. generalized
structure 2. external genitalia a.
female 1) ovipositor valvifers and
valvulae
113Order Hymenoptera Parasitoid wasp
ovipositor
114 Order Hymenoptera Parasitoid wasp
115 Order Hymenoptera Parasitoid wasp
116 Order Hymenoptera Parasitoid wasp
117Order Hymenoptera Mud Dauber Building Nest
118Order Hymenoptera Mud Dauber Provisioning Nest
119 Order Hymenoptera Mud dauber
120 Order Hymenoptera Mud dauber nest
121 Order Hymenoptera Paper wasps
122 Order Hymenoptera Paper wasp nest
123 Order Hymenoptera Yellow jackets
124 Order Hymenoptera Hornet nest
125 Order Hymenoptera Hornet nest
126 Honey Bee Stinger
127 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton C. Abdomen 1.
generalized structure 2. external genitalia
a. female 1) ovipositor 2)
ovicapt
128 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton C. Abdomen 1.
generalized structure 2. external genitalia
a. female b. male adeagus
129 Drone genitalia
130 Integumentary and Skeletal SystemsII.
Insect Skeleton C. Abdomen 1.
generalized structure 2. external genitalia
3. abdominal prolegs
131(No Transcript)