Constitutional and National Eras

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Constitutional and National Eras

• US History
• SOL Review

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First Plan of Government

• The Articles of Confederation
• Provided a WEAK central government
• No EXECUTIVE or JUDICIAL Branches
• Congress could not tax or control trade
• Each state ONLY had one vote

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Constitutional Convention

• Constitutional Convention to discuss the problems
  of the Articles of Convention
• George Washington Chairman of the Convention
• Rarely participated in discussions
• James Madison Father of the Constitution
• Kept notes which were the best written records of
  the Convention

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Two Groups

• Federalists Pro Ratification
• Favored strong national government
• Three branches of government
• Checks and balances would prevent one branch from
  being too powerful
• No need for Bill of Rights

• Anti Federalists Against Ratification
• Strong national government would take away
  STATES RIGHTS
• Needed the Bill of Rights to guarantee individual
  liberties

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Hamilton vs. Jefferson Debates
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Bill of Rights

• Written by James Madison
• Framework came from Virginia Declaration of
  Rights (George Mason) and Virginia Statute for
  Religious Freedom (Thomas Jefferson)
• First ten amendments of the Constitution
• Made ratification of the Constitution possible

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George Washington

• Washington became first president
• Served two terms
• Warned that more than one political party would
  divide the government

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Two Political Parties

• Federalists
• Led by John Adams and Alexander Hamilton
• Believed in a strong national government and
  economy should be based on banking and business
  interests of the Northeast
• Supported by Northeast and business men

• Democratic - Republicans
• Led by Thomas Jefferson
• Believed in States Rights and an economy based
  on agriculture
• Supported by the South and frontier settlers
• Farmers and artisans were the biggest supporters

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North vs. South

• North
• Economy based on manufacturing
• Favored high protective tariffs
• Wanted to protect Northern manufacturers from
  foreign competition

• South
• Economy based on farming
• Opposed high tariffs
• Agricultural economy of South led to plantations
• Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin led to
  spread of cotton kingdom in the South

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The Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney
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Thomas Jefferson

• 1800 Jefferson was elected president
• 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France
• Doubled size of the U.S.
• Lewis and Clark explored with help of Sacajawea
• Marshall Court
• Marbury v. Madison judicial review
• McCulloch v. Maryland States cant tax federal
  government

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Lewis and Clark Expedition
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Sacajawea
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War of 1812

• America vs. Britain
• America won
• Gained Oregon Territory
• Increased migration of American settlers to
  Florida
• Florida was obtained in the Adams Onis Treaty

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Monroe Doctrine

• 1823 Monroe Doctrine stated that Europe must
  stay out of the American Continents
• Nations of Western Hemisphere were different than
  those of Europe democracy instead of monarchy
• United States would not interfere in European
  business

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The Monroe Doctrine
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Texas

• American settlers moved west and settled in Texas
• Texas was owned by Mexico Americans had to
  follow Mexican Laws (no slaves)
• Texans used slaves and wanted to rebel from
  Mexico

• Texans revolted against Mexicans at the Alamo
• Every Texan (women and children) were killed
• Americans went to war with the Mexicans

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Remember the Alamo!
http//www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/
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Mexican American War

• War during the 1840s
• American victory
• Americans gained California, Nevada, Utah,
  Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico
• Set border at the Rio Grande

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Westward Expansion

• As settlers moved West Native Americans were
  forced from their lands
• Railroads made settlements easier
• Trail of Tears Native Americans were forced
  to relocate to reservations in Oklahoma
  thousands died in this march

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Jackson Becomes President

• Jackson practiced the Spoils System (gave jobs to
  friends)
• Distrusted National Bank Vetoed its recharter
• Withdrew government money and put into state
  banks caused a depression and Panic of 1837

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Womens Suffrage

• In the late 1800s womens fight to earn voting
  rights began
• Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B.
  Anthony
• Seneca Falls Declaration stated that women
  should have rights

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