APPLICATIONS OF SPACE BASED TECHNOLOGY IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

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APPLICATIONS OF SPACE BASED TECHNOLOGY IN
DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• BYJOAN A. KABASELLEHCLIMATE SCIENTISTIGAD
  Climate Prediction Applications Centre
  (ICPAC)- Formerly Drought monitoring centre
  Nairobi (DMCN)

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OVERVIEW

• Introduction
• Weather Related Disasters
• Application of Satellite and Radar in disaster
  management
• ICPAC Related Activities
• Challenges
• Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

• IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Centre
  Nairobi (ICPAC) is a regional climate early
  warning institution for TEN COUNTRIES IN the
  greater horn of Africa(GHA)

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MAP OF COUNTRIES IN THE GREATER HORN OF AFRICA
COVERED BY ICPAC
Sudan
Eritrea
Djibouti
Ethiopia
Somalia
Uganda
Kenya
Rwanda
Burundi
Tanzania
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WEATHER/CLIMATE RELATED DISASTERS IN GHA

• Drought
• Floods
• Lightening and thunder
• Cyclones
• Frost
• Strong Winds
• Extreme Temperatures
• Landslides
• Lake and marine disasters

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MAN MADE DISATERS

• Fire ( can also be natural)
• Pollution
• Deforestation
• Urban hazards

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APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITES AND WEATHER RADAR IN
DISASTER MANAGEMENTS

• Quantification of the space-time of the HAZARDS
  eg Determining onset, cessation, duration,
  intensity , area at risk, and other space time
  characteristics
• Deriving proxy of climate records eg rainfall
  wind vegetation Pressure, etc
• Hazards risk zone mapping using past records
• Monitoring prediction and early warning
• Assessing of vulnerability
• Assessing post disaster losses
• MAJOR REMOTE SENSING FACILITIES IN THE REGION
• Satellites- Large area coverage
• Radar- Smaller area coverage

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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER SATELLITES
AND RADAR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Cyclones /Hurricane management Note recent
  success in Pacific 15 Billions lost in USA by
  one cyclones but very few deaths thousands lost
  their lives in Haiti although warning was given
  Almost the entire economy of the island was
  destroyed by the same hurricane. No one died in
  Cuba by the same hurricane- Signifies the
  importance of policy

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(a)Satellite imagery of a tropical cyclone
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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER SATELLITES
AND RADAR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• CLOUDS AND POTENTAL RAINING AREAS.

Clouds tracking Image-2004-10-14-1130GMTMSG-Cou
rtesy of PUMA
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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER SATELLITES
AND RADAR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Drought Monitoring Use of satellite derived
  vegetation indices (NDVI) crop yield, etcc

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NOAA Satellite vegetation imagery
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(d) Impacts of drought on Livestock
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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER SATELLITES
AND RADAR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Flood MAPPING monitoring, Prediction and early
  warning use of satellite derived rainfall
  estimates in catchment stream flow forecasting
• ICPAC TO HOST IGAD HYCOS PROJECT
• ICPAC WORKING WITH USGS in stream flow
  forecasting capacity building activities

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Product GIS based Streamflow modelling
Correlation 0.82
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(b) Displacement of People by floods
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(c) A house submerged in floods, the owner
requires evacuation assistance
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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER SATELLITES
AND RADAR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Fire risk detection and monitoring

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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER SATELLITES
AND RADAR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Land degradation

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EXAMPLES OF APPLICATIONS OF WEATHER SATELLITES
AND RADAR IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

• Land / mud slides

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STRATEGIES IN SPACE TECHNOLOGY IN DISASTER
MANAGEMENT

• DATA BASE AND RISK ZONE MAPPING
• Enhanced monitoring (formation/start, development
  and decay), prediction and early warning of
  impending disaster which might lead to damage
  and loss of life
• Availability of POLICY for disaster preparedness,
  prevention and mitigation

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ICPAC ACTIVITIES

• RISK ZONING IDENTIFICATION OF CLIMATE EXTREME
  ZONES
• ASSESS THE PERSISTENT OF CLIMATE STRESS/EXTREME
  CLIMATE EVENTS
• PRECDICTION OF FUTURE EXPECTATIONS- 10 DAYS, ONE
  AND THREE MONTHS PROJECTIONS IN CASE OF
  CLYCLONES, DROUGHT, FLOODS ETC
• .APPLICATION PRODUCTS IMPACTS PRODUCTS

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ICPAC SPECIFC PRODUCTS INCLUDE

• DEKADAL PRODUCTS
• RAINFALL DISTRIBUTION.
• DROUGHT SEVERITY.
• AGROMETEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS.
• GENERAL IMPACTS.
• WEATHER OUTLOOK

• SEASONAL PRODUCTS
• CLIMATOLOGICAL SUMMARIES
• DROUGHT SEVERITY.
• DORMINANT SYNOPTIC SYSTEMS.
• CLIMATE OUTLOOK.
• SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS AND THEIR IMPACTS.
• PRE - SEASON CONSENSUS OUTLOOKS

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CUMULATIVE MONTHLY RAINFALL
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(b) DROUGHT SEVERITY INDEX
Dek5 ((1-10 MAR) 2004
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CLIMATE OUTLOOK FOR THE PERIOD SEPTEMBER TO
DECEMBER 2004
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MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES FOR SEPTEMBER 2004
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APPLICATIONS OF SPACE BASED PRODUCTS AT ICPAC

• SPACE BASED PRODUCTS USED AT ICPAC ARE LARGELY
  SATELLITE BASED.
• WEATHER RADARS ARE GOING TO BE IN USE IN KENYA
  BEFORE THE END OF NEXT YEAR.

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SATELLITE DERIVED PRODUCTS USED AT ICPAC

• PROXY OF CLIMATE RECORDS ESTIMATION OF
  RAINFALL, TEMPERATURE, VEGETATION ETC
  
• MONITORING OF CLIMATE EVENTS CLOUDS MOVEMENT
  CYCLONES, ETC
• MONITORING OF DISATERS FLOODS, DROUGHTS,
  CYCLONES ETC
• PREDICTION OF FUTURE CLIMATE EXPECTATION BASED ON
  CURRENT AND PAST EVOLUTIONS OF SATELLITE
  MEASUREMENTS SEASONAL, MONTHLY AND TEN DAYS
  RAINFALL

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ICPAC RELATED ACTIVITIES

• CAPACITY BUILDING IN RAINAFALL ESTIMATES (RFE)
  FROM SATELLITE
• CALIBRATIONS OF SATELLITTE PRODUCTS
• APPLICATIONS OF SATELLITE TECHNOLOFY IN DISATER
  MANAGEMENT Eg monitoring of floods, drought,
  cyclones , etc
• Regional focal point of applications of space
  based application in climate eg regional
  coordination of PUMA capacity building activities

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The Challenges

• To derive maximum benefit from space based
  technology practical applications in sectors such
  as agriculture, water resources management and
  disaster management/mitigation is necessary
• Capacity building on the interpretation and the
  use of space based technology is required

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CONCLUSION

• SPACE BASED TECHNOLOGY ARE CRITICAL IN MANAGEMENT
  OF CLIMATE DISASTERS
• Provide tools for Monitoring , prediction and
  timely early warning can be used to save life and
  avert potential disasters
• CAPACITY BUILDING IS REQUIRED FOR ALL
• EDUCATION AND AWARENESS
• Communication system for information
  dissemination
• Good POLICY for disaster preparedness, prevention
  and mitigation
• ICPAC WILL CONTINUE TO PROVIDE LEAD ROLE IN THE
  REGION IN AL APPLICATIONS AND CAPACITY BUILDING
  ACTIVITIES

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Thank you all