Stages of the Oral Presentation Process

1
Stages of the Oral Presentation Process

• Consider the audience
• Choose/narrow a topic
• Research the topic
• Select support material
• Organize and outline
• Develop an effective introduction and conclusion
• Rehearse and deliver your speech

2
Choose a Topic

• Is it important to you?
• Is it important to your audience?
• Will it hold the audiences attention?
• Is it manageable in the time available? 5 10
  minutes
• Is it appropriate for oral presentation?
• Is it clear?

3
Generate a Main Idea

• Does it have logical divisions?
• Can you support it?

4
Narrow the Topic

• The Divine Wind
• Love Across Racial Boundaries
• Friendship Lost and Found
• Hartley Penrose

5
Research the Topic Carefully

• Take Accurate Notes When Researching
• Record Complete Source Citations
• Credit Source of Ideas
• When in Doubt, Cite Source

6
Organizational Patterns Examples of Speech Topics

• Chronological
• Each of the last four decades had an important
  impact on the roles for women in the American
  workplace.
• Topical
• The advantages to travelling abroad include
  experiencing new cultures, visiting interesting
  places, and meeting people with different ideas.
• Spatial
• Gang violence has increased in small towns and
  large cities alike.

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Organizational Patterns Examples of Speech Topics

• Cause-Effect
• Both increased government spending and decreased
  tax revenues have resulted in the current budget
  crisis.
• Problem-Solution
• When it becomes more convenient for citizens to
  get to the polls, voter apathy will decline.
• Comparison - Contrast
• The stressful situations that employees encounter
  at work are both similar to and different from
  the stressful situations students encounter in
  college.

8
Functions of Introduction

• Get the Audiences Attention
• Introduce the Topic
• Provide Motivation to Listen
• Establish Credibility
• Provide Logical Orientation
• Provide Overview

9
Types of Introductions

• Anecdotal Story
• Rhetorical Question
• Quotation
• Humour
• Statement of Purpose

10
Types of Introductions (contd)

• Statement of Importance of Topic
• Identification with Audience
• Reference to Situation
• Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic

11
Types of Introductions

• Statement of Importance of Topic
• Identification with Audience
• Reference to Situation
• Surprise Audience with Claim or Statistic

12
Functions of Conclusions

• Summarise Speech
• Re-emphasise Main Idea
• Motivate Response
• Provide Closure

13
Types of Conclusion

• Refer to Introduction
• Personal reference
• Challenge to Audience
• Vision of the Future
• Quotation
• Anecdotal Story
• Rhetorical Question
• Humour

14
Public Speaking Produces Anxiety in Most People

• Peoples Biggest Fear
• Death Ranks Third Behind Public Speaking and
  Snakes

15
Overcoming Speech Anxiety

• Acknowledge Your Fear
• Act Confidently
• Prepare Carefully and Well
• Channel Nervous Energy

16
Rehearse Your Speech

• Simulate the Speech Setting
• Practise with Visual Aids
• Practise Without Memorizing
• Time the Speech
• Practise Out Loud

17
Rehearse Your Speech (contd)

• Practise Standing Up
• Watch Yourself
• Practise Gestures
• Practise Eye Contact with Audience
• Practise Volume, Tone, and Rate

18
Methods of Delivery

• Manuscript Reading
• Limited Notes
• Memorized

19
Beginning Your Speech

• Walk Calmly with Confidence to Performance Space
• Establish Eye Contact
• Smile Naturally
• Deliver Introduction

20
During Your Speech

• Use Effective Eye Contact
• Use Effective Language
• Use Effective Gestures
• Be Enthusiastic
• Be Conversational
• Use Notes as Needed

21
Elements of Vocal Delivery

• Speech Rate and Pauses
• Volume
• Inflection, Pitch, and Tone
• Quality of Voice
• Pronunciation, Enunciation, and Articulation

22
Elements of Physical Delivery

• Adjust Your Appearance to Fit Your Speaking
  Situation
• Keep Your Posture Natural
• Match Your Facial Expressions with Your Message
• Establish Eye Contact with Your Entire Audience
• Use Movement to Guide Your Audiences Attention
• Adapt Your Gestures to Your Words and Speaking
  Situation

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Ending Your Speech

• Frame the Speech
• Pause Before Returning to Your Seat
• Accept Applause Graciously