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Title: Anthropogenic change, emerging vectorborne diseases and human health


1
Anthropogenic change, emerging vector-borne
diseases and human health
Laura C. Harrington, PhD Department of Entomology
2
What is a vector-borne disease?
Reservoir and host
Pathogen
Vector
3
Mosquitoes need water
Typical Culex egg raft
Female laying eggs
Pupae
Larvae
4
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5
Major points along the evolution of human
societies have given rise to new forms
of human disease
6
game hunters/gatherers
overpopulation poverty drug resistance breakdown
of public health mutation and recombination
agriculture (10,000 yrs ago)
domestication of animals
Development of cities /urban centers
trade with other civilizations
utilization of natural resources and manipulation
of environment
changes in human behavior
Today
50,000 yrs ago
7
Changing weather patterns and climate

Range expansion of vectors and disease
8
Changes in land use and agricultural practices
Rice paddy irrigation Banana
plantations Dams Clear cutting
forests Logging Road building
9
Tennessee Valley Authority act 1933
TVA built dams to harness the regions rivers.
The dams controlled floods, improved navigation,
and generated electricity.they also provided a
breeding ground for mosquito vectors...
10
A blood sample is taken from a resident in the
Tennessee Valley area to test for mosquito-borne
encephalitis
11
lack of running water
12
  • Waste

13
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14
  • unplanned urbanization,

15
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16
unplanned urbanization
17
  • poverty

18
Dengue
50-100 million dengue fever cases/year 500,000
cases of DHF 2/3 of worlds population at
risk among top neglected diseases

19
Dengue
20
Symptoms of Classical Dengue
  • - sudden onset
  • - fever
  • - headache
  • retro-orbital, muscle
  • and joint pain
  • bruising and bleeding
  • - some capillary leakage

21
Symptoms of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
  • intense hemorrhaging
  • shock
  • - death

No vaccine and no treatment for dengue
22
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23
Ae. aegypti is a domesticated mosquito
24
Humans provide housing/shelter
25
Humans provide larval habitat
26
Increasing incidence of Dengue Infections Globally
1000
884
900
800
700
600
482
500
Cases per thousand
400
296
300
200
122
100
15
1
0
1955-59
1960-69
1970-79
1980-89
1990-99
2000-05
Years
WHO Dengue Net 2006
27
What can you do?
  • Be aware- of our global society and health issues
  • Educate yourself about the risks of emerging
    disease
  • Do what you can to conserve, recycle and minimize
  • your impact on the environment
  • Help out if you can (volunteer or donate to
  • organizations that help communities
  • stricken by malaria, dengue and other
    infections)

28
Harrington Lab
http//www.entomology.cornell.edu/Faculty_Staff/Ha
rrington
Entomology Courses
FALL 2007 ENTOM 210/ BIOSOC 210 2-3 cr.
Plagues and People
Natural Enemies and Invasive Species (ENT 277)
FALL 2008 ENTOM 352 3 cr. Medical and Veterinary
Entomology Optional Laboratory 1 cr.
More information on your course website!
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