Title:Enterprise Backup and Recovery for Oracle and nonOracle Solutions
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Recovery Point Database-only is typically days or hours of lost data in ... Instant backup and recovery of large data sets using a sophisticated, scalable, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation
Title: Enterprise Backup and Recovery for Oracle and nonOracle Solutions
1 (No Transcript) 2 Enterprise Backup and Recovery for Oracle and non-Oracle Solutions Ari KaplanPresident IOUG Datalink Database Practiceakaplan_at_datalink.com312-399-0079 3 Todays Agenda
Oracle Backup Methods
Hot backup
RMAN
Data Guard
Export / Import
Data Pump
Flashback
Storage-based solutions
Triple-mirroring
Array-based replication
Storage Snapshots
Other backup enhancements
Enterprise Backup scheduling solutions
Deduplication
Encryption
Oracle Secure Backup
Third-party encryption
4 RPO and RTO Tape Backup Hot backup Tape Backup Hot backup RMAN Data Guard Copy-on-Write Snapshots WAFL Snapshots Async replication RMAN Synchronous replication Data Guard Recovery Point Database-only is typically days or hours of lost data in disaster or too costly. Combined with storage can be faster heterogeneous and with less cost Recovery Time Database-only can be days or hours. Combined with storage can be minutes. Backup Window Database-only is typically days for terabyte-sizes. Combined with storage can be seconds 5 Oracle Tablespace Architecture TABLESPACE Segment 112K (Table Index etc.) Extent 28K Extent 84K Database Blocks datafile 2 datafile 1 datafile 3 datafile 4 datafile 5 6 Oracle Database Architecture Image from Oracle Corp 7 Oracle Physical Files
Only backs up some of the Oracle files not customized code or non-Oracle systems such as Exchange applications and SQL
Performance degradation
Need an automated script that looks at Oracles configuration on the fly
9 Oracle Backup Methods RMAN
RECOVERY MANAGER
What
Block-level backups - datafile compression
Parallel streams
Many companies see a 10x performance depending on the amount of updates that were made between backups
Use of a recovery catalog for multiple databases
10 Oracle Backup Methods RMAN
PROS
Significantly reduces RTO
Significantly less storage space for incremental backups (only changed blocks)
Parallel streams/channels
Works well with snapshots SnapMirror SMO Decru future de-duplication
CONS
RMAN only backs up the database not code or non-Oracle systems
11 Oracle Backup Methods Data Guard
What
Replicates Oracle databases from one data center to another
Performs backups from the standby database instead of the production database
Both physical and logical versions
12 Oracle Backup Methods Data Guard
PROS
Synchronous mode
Logical mode
CONS
Not supported by earlier versions of Oracle
Only supports Oracle databases not source code or non-Oracle systems
Disables NOLOGGING mode
Extra Oracle license
Standby database must be online
13 Oracle Backup Methods Export/Import
What
Logical backups of tables (rather than copying the physical blocks of data it copies the series of commands used to recreate the tables)
PROS
Can recover on a table-by-table basis instead of the entire database
Good for complementing other backup methods
CONS
Can take a LONG time versus snapshot methods
All data since the export was made is lost
A database must be running to perform either an export or import
Export files shouldnt be edited and can only be used by Oracle
14 Oracle Backup Methods Export/Import
Additional Features
Using the SELECT clause (compared to FlexClone)
Logical copy of tables or the entire database
Defragmenting
Moving tables / data among schemas
Moving tables / data among databases
Recreating CREATE statements
imp fully showy logcr_db.sql (its ugly)
Migrate among Oracle versions
Note some OSs have a 2G file-size limit so DBAs use the split and/or compress / tar commands
15 Oracle Backup Methods Data Pump
What
Export/Imports replacement with significant improvements
PROS
15-45 times faster than Export/Import
Parallel streams
Suspend and restart data transfers
Self-tuning
16 Oracle Backup Methods Data Pump
CONS
Like the Export/Import utilities
All data since the Data Pump started is lost
Still can take a long time to back up and recover versus methods such as snapshots
A database must be running to perform either an export or import
Data Pump does NOT yet work with XML schemas and XML schema-based tables
When you are importing data into an existing table using either APPEND or TRUNCATE if any row violates an active constraint the load is discontinued and no data is loaded
Situations where external tables is used and Direct Path Load is not
there is an active trigger
a unique index exists
the table is partitioned
a referential integrity constraint exists
fine-grained access control is enabled in insert mode
the table has encrypted columns table is in a cluster
a global index on multi-partition tables exists during a single-partition load
a domain index exists for an LOB column
17 Oracle Backup Methods Oracle Flashback
What
Oracles flashback area allows for recovering a table (or database) to any point-in-time in the past by storing images of data online
Flashback Database
Recover to point-in-time from Flash Recovery Area
Flashback Table
FLASHBACK TABLE LAOUG_audience
free_gift_list TO TIMESTAMP
(06-FEB-2007 132500)
18 Oracle Backup Methods Oracle Flashback
Flashback Drop
DROP command puts object into a recycle bin for quick recovery
19 Oracle Backup Methods Oracle Flashback
PROS
This method provides online backup and recovery eliminating the need to recover from tape and saving valuable recovery time and management effort
Extremely fast recovery of tables with simple commands
CONS
Requires a significant amount of flashback area online taking up lots of storage
Cant recover from media failure
Cant undo operations such as shrink datafile
Can only flashback to the oldest SCN in the FRA
Only works with newer releases of Oracle
20 Storage Backup Methods
Non-Oracle Storage Backup Solutions
Non-Oracle solutions are sometimes undiscovered in the world of DBAs
Can solve issues that simply cannot be done with Oracle-only technology
May already be deployed in a company to support Oracle/non-Oracle applications but the database staff is unaware of its HUGE benefits to database environments
21 Storage Backup Methods Triple-Mirroring
What
Copies the data in real time to three sets of redundant disks
PROS
Its possible to slice the mirror instantaneously and back up from the slices thereby eliminating performance hits of being in hot backup mode for extended periods of time
CONS
Expensive 50 more storage costs to keep a set of production-sized disks
Companies still may not be able to meet backup windows especially if backing up from the mirror takes more than 24 hours
22 Storage Backup Methods Array-Based Replication
What
Replication between two storage arrays that sends storage layer blocks to a standby site whenever there is a storage change at the primary site
PROS
Fills the gaps of Data Guard by replicating non-Oracle systems and source code as well as tables in NOLOGGING mode
Works best in conjunction with Data Guard by jointly reducing replication traffic and reducing or eliminating single points of failure
Significantly improves RTO and RPO
CONS
Source and target may need to be the same vendor unless using heterogeneous replication such as Topio
There is a cost associated with purchasing and maintaining a third-party array-based replication solution. An ROI analysis will demonstrate that this cost can be justified. The point at which it is recouped will depend on the value of the data
23 Storage Backup Methods Snapshots
Instant backup and recovery of large data sets using a sophisticated scalable and fail-safe pointer system of storage blocks. Snapshots represent a frozen view of data taken at a specific point-in-time. Data and entire environments can be restored to a known stable point prior to the event that caused the disruption or corruption.
Snapshot.0 Active File System Snapshot.1 (Changed blocks between snapshots are tracked) C C A B Snapshot.0 file system version of ORACLE.DBF is still composed of blocks A B C Snapshot.1 file system version of ORACLE.DBF is composed of blocks A B C 24 Storage Backup Methods Snapshots
PROS
Online backup and recovery is fast and seamless and eliminates the need to recover from tape. It is possible to recover a 50 TB database in minutes and keep hundreds of snapshots online
CONS
There is a cost associated with purchasing snapshot products. As with the other storage-based methods an ROI analysis will demonstrate that this cost can be justified. The point at which it is recouped will depend on the value of the data and the value of the speed of backup or recovery improvements in manageability etc.
25 Local Backup and Recovery Backup Multiple SnapshotCopies per Hour Disk-Based Tape 300 GB at 60 GB/hr 5 hrs (Best Case) Time to Backup (Hours) Restore Disk-Based Tape Redo Logs Restore from Tape Time to Recovery (Hours) 26 Storage Backup Methods SnapManager for Oracle
What
GUI that uses snapshots for database backups recoveries and cloning
Easy to install and integrates with Oracle RMAN Oracle RAC Oracle ASM Oracle 9i and 10g
PROS
Greatly improves DBA efficiency in setting up test and dev environments
Automates DBA tasks and enables error-free backups and recoveries restores and clones
Initiates and manages backups
Minimizes the risk of data loss and corruption with increased backup frequency
Provides near instantaneous restores
CONS
Cost associated with purchasing non-Oracle products
ROI analysis will demonstrate that this cost can be justified
27 Storage Backup Methods SnapShots for Cloning(SMO and FlexClone) Scalability by Metric To avoid surprise require proof of scalability at your requirement levels Unpredictable Performance and Cost Known Performance and Cost Demo (0504) Test and dev with full size database Test and dev with full size database) Test and dev with subset of database 28 Storage Backup Methods Snapshots for Cloning
What
True database clone in minutes significant time and space savings
Uses NetApps FlexClone technology
Ideal for test and development environments. Also useful for QA auditing and compliance data warehousing statistical analysis staging
PROS
Consistent copies of FULL production databases
Saves SIGNIFICANT time and management and space to manage cloning environments
Works across FCP iSCSI NFS networking protocols
29 Other Backup Methods De-duplication
What
De-duplication works with VTLs by detecting redundant data streams during the backup process and sending pointers to that data (versus actual streams of blocks of data) when duplicate streams are detected
De-dupe device
30 Other Backup Methods Deduplication
PROS
Can dramatically reduce the backup stream sizetypically 10-20 timesand bandwidth required for backup
10-40 lower acquisition cost than tape
When set up properly deduplication can work well with multiple Oracle RMAN channels
CONS
Initial costs
31 Other Backup Methods Encryptionby Oracle and storage vendors
What
Unencrypted data opens up the company to several vulnerabilitieswhether its a disgruntled employee or consultant stealing the tape or the tape being lost in the warehouse or while being transported off-site.
32 Other Backup Methods Encryptionby Oracle and storage vendors
Oracle solutions
Database Encryption
Store data encrypted within the database and thus also encrypted on tape
Oracle secure backup
Encrypt Oracles RMAN backups before they are written to tape
By encrypting at the database level an organization reduces much of its exposure. This method is also free (for one direct-attached storage device)
Typically the DBA is solely responsible for retaining the key and there are inherent weaknesses with this strategy
2) Storage vendor encryption
Encryption at the storage level
Multi-master key management that prevents single points-of-failure for key loss
No auto-destruct capabilities
By using a hardware and software appliance backup streams can be encrypted with negligible impact on performance
33 Recovery Methodologies
An untested or undocumented backup and recovery plan is no plan at all
34 Summary Q A
Ari Kaplan
akaplan_at_datalink.com
312-399-0079
35 Addendums 36 Datalink Overview
Independent information storage architect specializing in solutions services spanning
Data availability
Data recovery
Storage management
Focused on information storage solutions and services since 1987
Headquartered in Minneapolis MN with operations throughout the U.S.
Publicly traded company (NASDAQ DTLK)
37 Datalink Value Proposition
Independence
Unbiased guidance
Business needs drive recommendations
Storage focus expertise
Insiders view of manufacturer RD roadmaps
Extensive experience with complex multi-vendor multi-platform infrastructures
Alignment of people processes and technologies
Track record of excellence
Long-term partnerships
Business value
38 Storage Solutions for DBA Challenges
Backup issues
Scalability it can take a long time to physically copy 2 TB of data to tape or disk
Cost it costs a lot to purchase 2 TB of storage so you can perform physical image backups of 200 TB databases. It is costly to even purchase hardware to test backups.
Performance keeping large databases in hot backup mode negatively affects the performance of high-transaction systems (inserts updates deletes)
Complexity of systems multiple databases interlinked systems different database versions RMAN/non-RMAN RAC ASM etc.
Manageability it is often difficult to setup manage and test backups
Recovery issues
Manageability human errors lost data inconsistent data physical failures corruption can require restores. It can be a manual and scary process to recover to a consistent point-in-time
Performance how in the world do you recover a 2 TB database in 15 minutes
Disaster Recovery / Replication
How do you architect your database and surrounding environment for DR With no data loss With a 15-minute failover timeframe
Data growth
Cost DBAs tend to put storage on single class of storage without archiving or tiering considerations
Performance system response time is 5 seconds now. What happens when my data triples in size
Manageability it is often a political process to get additional storage from non-DBA groups
Development and testing
Cost it costs a lot to purchase 200 TB of storage to get image copies of production to test and development!
Scalability it is too much to provide 5 10 15 or more copies to development and testing teams
Manageability it can take 25 or more of a DBAs time to manage the cloning process
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