Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Case History and Information on Mad Cow Disease

1
Bovine Spongiform EncephalopathyCase History
and Information onMad Cow Disease
2
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy

• The Disease
• Firewalls and Prevention
• BSE 2003
• Market Impact
• Consumer Confidence
• National Animal ID System

3
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - BSE

• Slowly Progressive, Degenerative, Fatal Disease
  affecting the central nervous system of adult
  cattle
• Behavior / temperament changes
• Tremors, incoordination, falling, and difficulty
  in rising
• Decreased milk production
• Apprehensive to aggression
• Small Exhibit Aggressive Behavior Mad Cow
• Incubation period 2 to 8 years

4
BSE Transmission

• Cattle can become infected with BSE by eating
  feed contaminated with the infectious BSE agent.
• No Horizontal Transmission
• Contact - Cattle to cattle or cattle to other
  specie
• High Risk Products
• Brain and spinal cord tissue
• Meat and Bone meal
• Not in Muscle cuts, Steaks Roast

5
BSE Disease History

• Causative Agent - Not Yet Fully Characterized
• Main Theory - Mutated protein molecule - Prion
• Transmissible Spongiform Encethalopathies
• Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy - cattle
• Scrapie sheep
• Chronic Wasting Disease deer, elk
• variant Creutzfeld-Jakob Disease - humans
• BSE Cases - United Kingdom
• Since 1986 180,000
• Peaked 1993 1,000 cases per week
• 2000 - 1352
• 2003 - 154

6
BSE Preventive Measures

• 1997 - FDA banned the feeding of
  ruminant-derived animal protein in animal feed
  intended for ruminants
• 1989 USDA ban on imports of live
  ruminantanimals from the UK and other BSE
  countries
• 1991 USDA banned the import of ruminant meat
  and byproducts from countries know to have the
  disease

7
Livestock Owner Certification(implemented in
1997)

• The undersigned certifies that, to his/her
  knowledge, none of the livestock described herein
  are adulterated within the meaning of the Federal
  Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (i.e. none of the
  cattle have been fed any feed containing protein
  derived from mammalian tissue not in compliance
  with 21 CFR 589.2000)

8
BSE Food Safety Firewalls

• Mammalian byproducts Banned from Feeding to
  Ruminants
• Surveillance of cattle over 30 Months of Age
• Tested over 20,000 samples in 2003
• Targets non-ambulatory cows
• Import Ban on live ruminants and products

9
BSE History in North AmericaCanadian Case 2003

• May 2003
• Alberta, Canada
• BSE diagnosed in a 6-year old beef cow
  
• Tracebacks on 40 herds
• Over 2,000 slaughtered - All negative
• 1993 Single case in cow imported from UK

10
BSE Case in Washington State Timeline
11
December 9

• A non-ambulatory dairy cow arrives at Verns Moses
  Lake Meats
• Slaughter plant - Moses Lake, WA
• downer due to calving
• USDA standard testing protocols for BSE
• Samples taken
• all high-risk material (central nervous system
  tissue) is diverted out of the human food supply

12
December 11

• Samples from the animal arrive at USDA's National
  Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) in Ames,
  IA.
• December 22
• Preliminary test results are positive for BSE

13
December 23

• Secretary Veneman announces a "presumptive
  positive" case for BSE.
• Sample to BSE world reference laboratory in
  Weybridge, England.
• APHIS' epidemiological investigation begins.
• Quarantine placed on herd in Mabton, WA,
• Index Animal Herd

14
December 24

• USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service
  initiates a Class II recall of meat (10,410
  pounds) from 20 cows slaughtered on December 9 at
  Verns Moses Lake Meats.

15
December 27

• USDAs traceback investigation indicates that the
  affected cow was likely imported from Canada in
  2001
• USDA team departs Washington for Japan pursue
  trade talks.

16
December 30

• Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman announces
• Downer cattle immediately banned from the
  human food chain
• Non-Ambulatory disabled
• Some specified risk materials are prohibited
• BSE surveillance cattle will no longer be marked
  as inspected and passed until confirmation on a
  negative test
• Dorsal root ganglia, clusters of nerve cells
  connected to the spinal cord along the vertebrae
  column, in addition to already-prohibited spinal
  cord tissue, will be prohibited in products
  labeled as meat

17
December 30 (cont)

• Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman announces
• Air-injection stunning of cattle will be
  prohibited
• Mechanically separated meat in human food will be
  prohibited
• A verifiable system of national animal
  identification will be immediately implemented

18
December 31

• Traceback investigation
• August 28, 2001 - Canadian health certificate
• 82 eartag numbers - herd dispersal Alberta,
  Canada.
• Eartag numbers matches BSE-positive cow.
• September 4, 2001 - 81 of 82 animals listed on
  the Canadian health certificate entered the
  United States at Oroville, WA. ( index cow)

19
January 6

• USDA Canadian officials announce DNA evidence
  BSE Positive Cow in Washington State linked
  toAlberta, Canada Herd
• Not a Native Born Case in US
• Began depopulation of bull calf operation
• Updates www.usda.gov

20
Beef Cattle Market

• Cattle Price Decline will have a Major Economic
  Impact on
• Oklahoma Cattle Producers

21
Market Impact

• Export Markets Closed
• Export about 9.0 of Beef Production
• 42 - 50 million pounds per week
• 90 - Japan South Korea Mexico Canada
• Domestic Consumption 90
• Maintaining Consumer Confidence Key
• Less impact than on Canadas Market
• 50 Export

22
(No Transcript)
23
(No Transcript)
24
(No Transcript)
25
(No Transcript)
26
Market Summary

• Computer Models - Loss of Export Markets
• 15 lower Fed Cattle Prices
• 11-15/cwt
• Fed Cattle Price - 92 to 75
• Maintain Maximum Flexibility
• Volatile Markets Should Stabilize
• Vulnerable and Fluid Situation

27
Market Outlook 2004

• Assumptions
• No Canadian Imports (fed) Until 4th Quarter
• 1st Q No Exports, 2nd Q Mexico, 3rd Q Japan
  (earliest)
• Higher US Exports Pork Chicken, 15 20

28
Chicago Mercantile Exchange March Feeder Cattle
Futures
29
Consumer Response
30
(No Transcript)
31
(No Transcript)
32
(No Transcript)
33
Increase Emphasis National ID United States
Animal Identification Plan

• GOAL
• To achieve a traceback system that can identify
  all animals and premises potentially exposed to
  an animal with a Foreign Animal Disease within 48
  hours after discovery.

34
United States Animal Identification Plan

• USAIP Timetable
• Premise ID by July 2004/2005
• Individual ID for Interstate movement
• All Individuals ID
• Probably Technology
• RFID Radio Frequency Identification
• www.usaip.info

35
Current Situation

• U. S. Beef Is Safe !!!
• Complete Thorough Investigation
• Trace Forward Trace Back
• Continue Reinforce BSE Safeguards
• Development of National Animal ID
• Stabilizing Market Prices

36
Questions ??