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THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN KENYA

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Title: THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN KENYA


1
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN
AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN KENYA
  • Dr. E. A. Mukisira
  • Director KARI

2
PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS
  • Production and livelihood constraints
  • Technology and information needs
  • Demography, literacy, socio-economics
  • Lack of Innovative and participatory research
  • Poor policies and infrastructure

3
CONSTRAINTS TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND UP-SCALING
  • Inadequate community participation
  • High level of poverty
  • Cultural issues
  • Poor infrastructure
  • Marketing problems
  • Inappropriate mechanization

4
KARIS CORE FUNCTIONS
  • Generating technologies, knowledge and
    information
  • Catalyzing and facilitating innovative processes
  • Creating and strengthening partnerships for
    impact
  • Conducting strategic, adaptive and applied
    research
  • In collaboration with partners, contribute to the
    production of regional and international public
    goods.

5
RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN BY NARIs
  • Strategic Research
  • Applied Research
  • Adaptive Research

6
TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
  • Aggressive programs of crop breeding for
    increased yields
  • Purposeful livestock breeding programme and
    management
  • Highly developed feeding systems for livestock.
  • Value addition technologies
  • Application of biotechnology

7
RELEASES OF CROP VARIETIES AND VACCINES/KITS
8
IMPROVED VARIETIES IMPACT
  • Maize. Improved maize varieties and hybrids were
    widely adopted in the 1980s, in a few countries,
    such as Kenya (80 percent), Malawi (30 percent),
    Tanzania (28 percent), Zambia (49 percent) and
    Zimbabwe (73 percent).
  • Cassava. Improved disease-resistant strains of
    cassava have been adopted, reaching more than
    half the cassava area in Nigeria
  • Rice. The New Rice for Africa-combining the
    high-yielding potential of Asian rice with the
    resistance of African rice to weeds, pests,
    diseases and water stress.
  • Beans. In eastern, central and southern Africa,
    nearly 10 million farmers, mostly women, are
    reportedly growing and consuming new bean
    varieties.

9
AREA PLANTED WITH IMPROVED VARIETIES.
10
NUMBER OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS INVOLVED IN VARIOUS
CROP ENTERPRISES-THE CASE FOR KENYA
11
20 YEARS OF MAIZE RESEARCH WHAT DIVIDENDS?
12
20 YEARS OF MAIZE RESEARCH WHAT DIVIDENDS? contd
13
CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER INITIATIVES
  • Weak outreach programs
  • Inadequate Human Resource capacity
  • Inadequate credit facilities
  • Ineffective Partners and partnerships
  • Inadequate attention to product value chain
    concept

14
TESTING NEW APPROACHES TO SCALING-UP OF
TECHNOLOGIES KARIS EXPERIENCE
  • Adaptive Research
  • KARI-ATIRI
  • Other approaches include farmer field schools
    (FFS), farmer-researcher groups, PLAR
  • ICT based technology transfer approaches

15
FARMER EMPOWERMENT THROUGH PARTICIPATORY ADAPTIVE
RESEARCH
  • Builds farmer confidence in technology.
  • Promotes technology ownership by farmers.
  • Promotes farmer capacity to demand new
    technologies and information.
  • Exposes farmers to diversity of technologies
    through exchange visits.
  • Promotes farmer to farmer extension.

16
BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH APPROACHES
  • Builds mutual confidence
  • Creates technology ownership
  • In-built dissemination
  • Farmer ME and feedback
  • Diversity of technologies through exchange
    visits

17
AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION RESPONSE
INITIATIVE (ATIRI)
  • Concern about low impact of KARI technologies
  • Empowers farmers to demand tech.
  • Paradigm shift from supply to demand
  • Catalyses dissemination and adoption

18
ATIRI OBJECTIVES
  • Enhance farmers capacity to make technological
    and information demands from KARI
  • Strengthen KARIs Capacity to meet these demands
    thro feedback into research
  • Improve partnerships for better delivery
  • To test new methods for rapid up-scaling

19
KENYA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMME (KAPP)
  • 12-year, 3-phases of 3, 4 and 5 years
  • Multi-sectoral, multi-institutional
  • Support to Policy Institutional Reform
  • Support to National Agric. Res. System
  • Support to National Extension Reform
  • Support to Farmer Empowerment

20
KAPP-LESSONS LEARNT ON EXTENSION DELIVERY SERVICES
  • Adequate professionals for pluralistic extension
    services
  • Potential to develop a robust public-private
    partnerships for effective and efficient
    extension delivery service
  • Government could contract private individuals or
    institutions to deliver extension services

21
WAY FORWARD TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
  • Resource mobilization in the MTP (2008-2013)
    while pursuing Vision 2030
  • Greater involvement of the private sector in
    supporting Agricultural Research
  • Balancing adaptive and strategic/basic research
  • Exploring new research areas- e.g.bio-fuels,
    climate change

22
WAY FORWARD TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
  • Targeted Areas
  • Establishment of a science park operated by
    NARS/Private sector
  • Techno-shops/parks at NARIs

23
TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER POLICY
CONSIDERATION
  • Formulation of an effective NARS Policy
  • Formulate an effective national Agriculture
    extension policy
  • Create an outreach unit to effectively establish
    partnership towards accelerated technology
    transfer
  • Create sustainable funding mechanisms for
    research and technology transfer

24
EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS FOR DEMAND DRIVEN RESEARCH
  • Engage potential Donors to support priority
    demand driven research
  • Strengthen collaboration with the
    NARIs/Universities in-country and abroad
  • Strategic Partnerships for specific Projects

25
  • THANK YOU
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