Title: THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN KENYA
1THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN
AGRICULTURAL TRANSFORMATION IN KENYA
- Dr. E. A. Mukisira
- Director KARI
2PRODUCTION CONSTRAINTS
- Production and livelihood constraints
- Technology and information needs
- Demography, literacy, socio-economics
- Lack of Innovative and participatory research
- Poor policies and infrastructure
3CONSTRAINTS TO TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION AND UP-SCALING
- Inadequate community participation
- High level of poverty
- Cultural issues
- Poor infrastructure
- Marketing problems
- Inappropriate mechanization
4KARIS CORE FUNCTIONS
- Generating technologies, knowledge and
information - Catalyzing and facilitating innovative processes
- Creating and strengthening partnerships for
impact - Conducting strategic, adaptive and applied
research - In collaboration with partners, contribute to the
production of regional and international public
goods.
5RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN BY NARIs
- Strategic Research
- Applied Research
- Adaptive Research
6 TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
- Aggressive programs of crop breeding for
increased yields - Purposeful livestock breeding programme and
management - Highly developed feeding systems for livestock.
- Value addition technologies
- Application of biotechnology
7RELEASES OF CROP VARIETIES AND VACCINES/KITS
8IMPROVED VARIETIES IMPACT
- Maize. Improved maize varieties and hybrids were
widely adopted in the 1980s, in a few countries,
such as Kenya (80 percent), Malawi (30 percent),
Tanzania (28 percent), Zambia (49 percent) and
Zimbabwe (73 percent). - Cassava. Improved disease-resistant strains of
cassava have been adopted, reaching more than
half the cassava area in Nigeria - Rice. The New Rice for Africa-combining the
high-yielding potential of Asian rice with the
resistance of African rice to weeds, pests,
diseases and water stress. - Beans. In eastern, central and southern Africa,
nearly 10 million farmers, mostly women, are
reportedly growing and consuming new bean
varieties.
9AREA PLANTED WITH IMPROVED VARIETIES.
10NUMBER OF FARM HOUSEHOLDS INVOLVED IN VARIOUS
CROP ENTERPRISES-THE CASE FOR KENYA
1120 YEARS OF MAIZE RESEARCH WHAT DIVIDENDS?
1220 YEARS OF MAIZE RESEARCH WHAT DIVIDENDS? contd
13CHALLENGES OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER INITIATIVES
- Weak outreach programs
- Inadequate Human Resource capacity
- Inadequate credit facilities
- Ineffective Partners and partnerships
- Inadequate attention to product value chain
concept
14TESTING NEW APPROACHES TO SCALING-UP OF
TECHNOLOGIES KARIS EXPERIENCE
- Adaptive Research
- KARI-ATIRI
- Other approaches include farmer field schools
(FFS), farmer-researcher groups, PLAR - ICT based technology transfer approaches
15FARMER EMPOWERMENT THROUGH PARTICIPATORY ADAPTIVE
RESEARCH
- Builds farmer confidence in technology.
- Promotes technology ownership by farmers.
- Promotes farmer capacity to demand new
technologies and information. - Exposes farmers to diversity of technologies
through exchange visits. - Promotes farmer to farmer extension.
16BENEFITS OF PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH APPROACHES
- Builds mutual confidence
- Creates technology ownership
- In-built dissemination
- Farmer ME and feedback
- Diversity of technologies through exchange
visits
17AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY INFORMATION RESPONSE
INITIATIVE (ATIRI)
- Concern about low impact of KARI technologies
- Empowers farmers to demand tech.
- Paradigm shift from supply to demand
- Catalyses dissemination and adoption
18ATIRI OBJECTIVES
- Enhance farmers capacity to make technological
and information demands from KARI - Strengthen KARIs Capacity to meet these demands
thro feedback into research - Improve partnerships for better delivery
- To test new methods for rapid up-scaling
19KENYA AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY PROGRAMME (KAPP)
- 12-year, 3-phases of 3, 4 and 5 years
- Multi-sectoral, multi-institutional
- Support to Policy Institutional Reform
- Support to National Agric. Res. System
- Support to National Extension Reform
- Support to Farmer Empowerment
20KAPP-LESSONS LEARNT ON EXTENSION DELIVERY SERVICES
- Adequate professionals for pluralistic extension
services - Potential to develop a robust public-private
partnerships for effective and efficient
extension delivery service - Government could contract private individuals or
institutions to deliver extension services
21WAY FORWARD TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
- Resource mobilization in the MTP (2008-2013)
while pursuing Vision 2030 - Greater involvement of the private sector in
supporting Agricultural Research - Balancing adaptive and strategic/basic research
- Exploring new research areas- e.g.bio-fuels,
climate change
22WAY FORWARD TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION
- Targeted Areas
- Establishment of a science park operated by
NARS/Private sector - Techno-shops/parks at NARIs
23TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER POLICY
CONSIDERATION
- Formulation of an effective NARS Policy
- Formulate an effective national Agriculture
extension policy - Create an outreach unit to effectively establish
partnership towards accelerated technology
transfer - Create sustainable funding mechanisms for
research and technology transfer
24EFFECTIVE PARTNERSHIPS FOR DEMAND DRIVEN RESEARCH
- Engage potential Donors to support priority
demand driven research - Strengthen collaboration with the
NARIs/Universities in-country and abroad - Strategic Partnerships for specific Projects
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