Formation of Our Solar System - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Formation of Our Solar System

Description:

Passed through Comet Wild 2 Coma 1/2004. Stardust image at ... Comet Parts. Nucleus, Coma. Dust tail white, 'smoke,' reflects sun. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:208
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 32
Provided by: stephani84
Learn more at: https://www.lpi.usra.edu
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Formation of Our Solar System


1
Formation of Our Solar System
By the Lunar and Planetary InstituteFor Use in
Teacher Workshops
Image Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cf
m?IM_ID178
2
  • Some data to explain
  • 1. Planets isolated
  • 2. Orbits circular / in same plane
  • 3. Planets (and moons) travel along orbits in
    same direction. same direction as Sun rotates
    (counter-clockwise viewed from above)

Lunar and Planetary Institute image
at http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.
cfm?IM_ID175
3
Some more data to explain 4. Most planets rotate
in this same direction
Mercury 0 Venus 177 Earth 23
Mars 25
Jupiter 3 Saturn 27
Uranus 98
Neptune 30
NASA images edited by LPI
4
  • And some more data to explain
  • 5. Solar System highly differentiated

Terrestrial Planets (rocky, dense with density
4-5 g/cm3) Jovian Planets (light, gassy,
H, He, density 0.7-2)
Images Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cf
m?IM_ID178
5
How Did We Get a Solar System?
Image LPI
Huge cloud of cold, thinly dispersed interstellar
gas and dust threaded with magnetic fields that
resist collapse
Hubble image at http//hubblesite.org/newscenter/
archive/releases/nebula/emission/2006/41/image/a/
6
How Did We Get a Solar System?
Image LPI
Concentrations of dust and gas in the cloud
material starts to collect (gravity magnetic
forces)
Hubble image at http//hubblesite.org/newscenter/
archive/releases/nebula/emission/2005/35/image/a/
7
How Did We Get a Solar System?
Gravity concentrates most stuff near
center Heat and pressure increase Collapses
central proto-sun rotates faster (probably got
initial rotation from the cloud)
Image LPI http//www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timel
ine/gallery/slide_1.html
8
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Rotating, flattening, contracting disk - solar
    nebula!
  • Equatorial Plane
  • Orbit Direction

NASA artwork at http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image
Ra4-protoplanetary-disk.jpg
9
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • After 10 million years, material in center of
    nebula hot enough to fuse H
  • ...here comes the sun

NASA/JPL-Caltech Image at http//www.nasa.gov/vis
ion/universe/starsgalaxies/spitzer-20060724.html
10
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Metallic elements (Mg, Si, Fe) condense into
    solids at high temps. Combined with O to make
    tiny grains
  • Lower temp (H, He, CH4, H2O, N2, ice) - outer
    edges
  • Planetary Compositions

Hubble photo at http//hubblesite.org/newscenter/
archive/releases/star/protoplanetary-disk/2005/10/
image/a/layout/thumb/
11
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Inner Planets
  • Hot Silicate minerals, metals, no light
    elements, ice
  • Begin to stick together with dust ? clumps

Image LPI http//www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timel
ine/gallery/slide_3.html
12
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Accretion - particles collide and stick together
    or break apart gravity not involved if small
    pieces
  • Form planetesimals, up to a few km across

Image LPI http//www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timel
ine/gallery/slide_3.html
13
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Gravitational accretion planetesimals attract
    stuff
  • Large protoplanets dominate, grow rapidly, clean
    up area ( takes 10 to 25 My)

Image LPI http//www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timel
ine/gallery/slide_4.html
14
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Outer Solar System
  • Cold ices, gases 10x more particles than
    inner
  • May have formed icy center, then captured lighter
    gases (Jupiter and Saturn first? Took H and He?)

Image LPI http//www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timel
ine/gallery/slide_5.html
15
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Early burst of solar wind - sweeps debris out of
    system
  • Gravitational accretion of gas for protoplanets
    in the coolest nebular parts

Image LPI http//www.lpi.usra.edu/education/timel
ine/gallery/slide_5.html
16
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • The Asteroid Belt
  • ? Should have been a planet instead of a debris
    belt? Jupiter kept it from forming

Eros image at http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimed
ia/gallery.cfm?CategoryPlanetsObjectAsteroidsP
age1
17
How Did We Get a Solar System?
  • Beyond the Gas Giants - Pluto, Charon and the
    Kuiper Belt objects
  • Chunks of ice and rock material
  • Little time / debris available to make a planet
    slower!!

18
  • Play Doh Activity

19
Early in the Life of Planets
  • Planetesimals swept up debris
  • Accretion Impacts HEAT
  • Eventually begin to melt materials
  • Iron, silica melt at different temperatures
  • Iron sank density layering

Image from LPI http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multim
edia/display.cfm?IM_ID168
20
Planetary Interiors
Image from LPI http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multim
edia/display.cfm?IM_ID168
  • Differentiation
  • Separation of homogenous interior into layers of
    different compositions
  • Early hottest time dense iron-rich material ?
    core
  • Releases additional heat
  • Leaves mantle with molten ocean enriched in
    silica
  • Crust eventually forms from lightest material

21
Planetary Interiors
Image from LPI http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multim
edia/display.cfm?IM_ID168
  • Differentiation
  • Continues!
  • Radioactive decay primary heat source
  • Partial melting of mantle material ? rising magma
    ? volcanoes / lava flows

22
  • Pause to recall the Play Doh accretion activity
  • But wait, theres more .
  • We can differentiate!

23
When did Our Solar System Form How do We Know?
Image Lunar and Planetary Laboratory
http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/display.cf
m?IM_ID178
24
When Did the Solar System Form?
  • 4.56 billion years ago
  • How do we know? (evidence for formation)
  • Lunar samples - 4.5 to 4.6 Ga
  • Meteorites - 4.56 Ga
  • Earth 3.9 (or 4.4 Ga)

Lunar meteorite at http//meteorites.wustl.edu/lun
ar/stones/mac88105.htm
Meteorite photo by Carl Allen at http//ares.jsc.n
asa.gov/Education/Activities/ExpMetMys/..5C..5CS
lideSets/ExpMetMys/Slides1-9.htm
25
How Do We Know How Our Solar System Formed?
26
Solar System SamplesMeteorites
Image http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/disp
lay.cfm?IM_ID2093 And http//nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov
/photo_gallery/photogallery-asteroids.html
27
  • Earliest history of Solar System - chemical and
    physical info about formation and building blocks
    of planets (rest of stuff was pulled into the Sun
    or other planets.)
  • Sample Return
  • 1/15/2006
  • Stardust
  • Passed through Comet Wild 2 Coma 1/2004

Stardust image at http//stardust.jpl.nasa.gov/new
s/news97.html
Info and images at http//deepimpact.jpl.nasa.gov/
index.cfm
28
We Can Also Look Around .
Close-up of "Proplyds" in Orion Thanks Hubble!
Hubble images at http//hubblesite.org/newscenter/
archive/releases/nebula/emission/1994/24/image/a/
and http//hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/relea
ses/nebula/emission/1994/24/image/b/
29
Comets
  • Dirty snowballs - small objects of ice, gas,
    dust, tiny traces of organic material

Image from http//antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap000
805.html
30
Comet Parts
Image from http//hubblesite.org/newscenter/archiv
e/releases/2004/52/image/a/
Image credit K. Jobse, P. Jenniskens and NASA
Ames Research Center http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/
multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID903
Nucleus, Coma Dust tail white, smoke,
reflects sun. 600,000 to 6 million miles
long Ion tail Solar UV breaks down CO gas,
making them glow blue. 10s of millions of miles
31
Naming Comets
NASA/ JPL image of Comet Halley at
http//www.solarviews.com/cap/comet/haldet.htm
32
Where do Comets Originate?
33
Whats in a Tail?
Image credit K. Jobse, P. Jenniskens and NASA
Ames Research Center http//solarsystem.nasa.gov/
multimedia/display.cfm?IM_ID903
34
Comet Planet Interactions
Image from http//www2.jpl.nasa.gov/sl9/image3.ht
ml
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com