INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY

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INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY
BY LT CDR V PRAVIN
GUIDED BY DR D SAMANTA
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NANOTECHNOLOGY

• THE REVOLUTION OF ENDLESS POSSIBILITIES

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CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS
• SALIENT FEATURES
• WORKING PRINCIPLE
• APPROACH, CONCEPTS STRUCTURE
• APPLICATIONS
• CONCLUSION

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Richard P. Feynman
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FEYNMAN

• There is a plenty of room at the bottom
• The principles of physics do not speak against
  the possibility of maneuvering things atom by
  atom

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SO WHAT IS IT?

• Anything smaller than Molecular technology
• Size of nanoscale
• Every atom in the right place
• Zettatechnology

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SO WHAT IS IT?

• Nanotechnology is basically mechanisms that
  have been built by nanoscale components using to
  place every atom and molecule in a desired place

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Extending

• MNT Molecular Nano Technology
• NSE Nano Scale Engineering
• MMT Molecular Manufacturing
• Technology
• MMS Molecular Machine System

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IN NUTSHELL

• LIFE SCIENCE
• PHYSICAL SCIENCE
• MATERIAL SCIENCE
• INFORMATION SCIENCE

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NANOTECHNOLOGY BASICS
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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• How big (small) are we talking about?

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 1 meter

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 10 centimeters

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 1 centimeter

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 100 micrometers

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 10 micrometers

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 1 micrometer

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 100 nanometers

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 10 nanometers

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UNDERSTANDING SIZE

• 1 nanometer

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NANOMETER..(nm)

• A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10-9 m).
  This is roughly ten times the size of an
  individual atom.

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SALIENT FEATURES
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SALIENT FEATURES

• At atomic and molecular scales, in the length
  scale of approximately 1 - 100 nanometer range
• Fundamentally new properties and functions
  because of their nanoscale structure

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SALIENT FEATURES

• Ability to control , to see, measure, and
  manipulate matter on the atomic scale to exploit
  those properties and functions
• Ability to integrate those properties and
  functions into systems spanning from nano- to
  macro-scopic scales

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• WORKING OF
• NANOTECHNOLOGY

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How does Nanotechnology work?
1.Atoms are the building blocks for all matter
in our universe. 2. Atoms and molecules stick
together because they have complementary shapes
that lock together, or charges that attract. Just
like with magnets, a positively charged atom will
stick to a negatively charged atom.
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• Every atom has a exhibits different property at
  various conditions
• The goal of nanotechnology is to manipulate atoms
  individually and place them in a pattern to
  produce a desired structure.

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APPROACHES..

• Two approaches can be taken when making something
  at the nano scale
• Top-Down approach
• Bottom-Up approach

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TOP DOWN APPROACH

• The top-down approach is analogous to making a
  stone statue.
• The process involves wastage.
• Used in fibres
• Seldom used in MNT

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BOTTOM UP APPROACH

• Approach one would take to building a house
• Less wastage, as strong covalent bonds will hold
  the constituent parts together.
• Limited in how big the structures can be made
• Approach used currently

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MANIPULATION

• Atomic Force Microscope (AFM)
• Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM)
• Virtual Surface Profiling Microscope (VSPM)

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CONCEPTS

• Direct Molecular Assembly (DMA)
• Indirect Crystalline Assembly (ICA)
• Massive Parallel Assembly (MPA)

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STRUCTURE

• Nano composites
• Nano spheres
• Nano crystals
• Nano tubes Quantum dots

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OBSTACLES

• Fragile and unstable nature of nanoparticles
• Fusing together of nano particles when their
  surfaces touch
• Loss of special shape and properties

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APPLICATIONS
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COMPUTERS

• Single atom can be in two places, hence 03 atoms
  can represent all eight nos at a given time.
• Extrapolation of the above fact .
• Each logic elements made from a few atoms
• Mass storage device in size of a sugar cube

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COMPUTERS

• Tiny nano-engineered ferroelectric crystals
  could realize of creating nonvolatile random
  access memory (NVRAM).
• Cool chips

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MEDICINE

• Fluids of nano particles
• Slow down ageing process
• No scar surgeries
• Artificial limbs

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MEDICINE

• Cancer and HIV
• Nano filters- capable of absorbing viruses
• Nano catalyst improves efficiency of a
  reaction.

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Applications Contd

• Agriculture
• Space
• Military
• Telecommunication

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Applications Contd..

• Sports
• Energy
• Environment
• ..

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FEAR

• Nuclear and atomic bombs can have different
  dimensions
• Cloning and miniaturization
• Nano medicine- worrying factor!

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CONCLUSION

• Improvements and developments in existing
  products, such as stronger and lighter materials.
• Potential to initiate completely new products and
  industries that do not exist today

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CONCLUSION

• BIG FUTURE FOR THE TINY
• TECHNOLOGY

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In the end......

• As the size decreases...computer will compute
  faster, materials will be more stronger, medicine
  will cure more diseases.
• The technology that works at the nanometer scale
  of molecules and atom will be a large part of
  this future.

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REFERENCES

• Springer handbook of nanotechnology
• http//peterindia.net/nanotechnology
• http//microcosm.web.cern.ch.
• http//nanotoxicology.ufl.edu
• http//nanotech-now.com
• http//nanobot.info

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• THE NEXT BIG THING IS REALLY SMALL