Cerebral Palsy

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Cerebral Palsy

• By Mica Bailey, Amy Hander, and Tara Melborne-Cruz

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What is Cerebral Palsy (CP)?

• Encephalopathy disorder
• Non-progressive
• CP affects body movement and muscle coordination
• Caused by injury to the brain during pregnancy,
  labor, or after birth

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Types of Cerebral Palsy

• Spastic CP
• Athetoid or dyskinetic CP
• Ataxic CP
• Other CP
• Rigid
• Tremors
• Flaccid
• Mixed

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Spastic Cerebral Palsy

• Most common type of CP affecting 70-80 of
  patients
• Characterized by
• Increased muscle tone
• Primitive reflexes
• Deep tendon reflexes
• Clonus (repetitive contractions)
• Rigidity of extremities
• Scoliosis
• Contractures

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Athetoid or Dyskinetic CP

• Second most common type of CP- affecting 10-20
  of patients
• Characterized by difficulty with fine motor
  coordination resulting in movements that are
• Jerky
• Uncontrolled
• Abrupt

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Ataxic CP

• Less common type of CP affecting 5-10 of
  patients
• Affects balance and coordination
• Characterized by
• Disturbances in gait
• Instability

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Other Types of CP

• Tremors are a rare form of CP
• Rigid CP affect 5 -10 of patients
• Flaccid (Hypotonicity)
• Mixed symptoms affect 15 - 40 of CP patients
• The most common mixed form includes spasticity
  and athetoid movements.

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Etiology/Pathology

• Exact cause is unknown
• Most likely due to brain damage-
• possible cause being anything that
  interferes with oxygen to the brain.
• Damage usually occurs during fetal development,
  before, during, or after birth, or during infancy.

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Possible Causes

• Prenatal
• Maternal infection
• Nutritional deficiencies
• Kerniceterus
• Maternal Analgesia
• Teratogens
• Postnatal
• Head Trauma
• Infection
• Neoplasm
• CVA

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Diagnosis

• Specific Tests (used to rule out progressive
  disease)
• MRI
• EEG
• Intelligence test
• Vision test
• CT
• Hand preference
• Reflex test

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Treatment
Management is better than treatment

• PT strengthen large muscles, decrease
  contractures
• OT strengthen small muscles, teach ADLs
• Speech Therapy improve speech and eating
• Drug Therapy control/decrease seizures
• Surgery decrease contractures/spasticity
• Sensory Integration improve balance/coordination
• Adaptive Therapy make moving life easier
• Adaptive Equipment
• Medical Nutrition Therapy

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References

• http//www.ucp.org/