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Plant Nutrition

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... are those elements essential for plant growth which are needed in only very ... Nitrogen- the greatest limiting factor to plant growth. Soil Bacteria and nitrogen. ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Plant Nutrition


1
Plant Nutrition
2
Macronutrients  
  • Macronutrients can be broken into two more
    groups  primary and secondary nutrients. 
    The primary nutrients are nitrogen (N),
    phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). These major
    nutrients usually are lacking from the soil first
    because plants use large amounts for their growth
    and survival. 
  • The secondary nutrients are calcium (Ca),
    magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S). There are usually
    enough of these nutrients in the soil so
    fertilization is not always needed. Also, large
    amounts of Calcium and Magnesium are added when
    lime is applied to acidic soils. Sulfur is
    usually found in sufficient amounts from the slow
    decomposition of soil organic matter, an
    important reason for not throwing out grass
    clippings and leaves.

3
Micronutrients
  • Micronutrients are those elements essential for
    plant growth which are needed in only very small
    (micro) quantities . The micronutrients are boron
    (B), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), chloride (Cl),
    manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo) and zinc (Zn).
    Recycling organic matter such as grass clippings
    and tree leaves is an excellent way of providing
    micronutrients (as well as macronutrients) to
    growing plants.

4
Soil Quality
  • Topsoil the result of erosion and
    decomposition.
  • Loams-the most fertile soils. Provide both
    nutrients and air spaces.
  • Contains essential nutrients and a vast number of
    living organisms. The living organisms aerate
    and provide decomposing organisms to return
    nutrients to the soil.

5
Clay and Ion Exchange
  • Clay is negatively charged. This negative
    charges allows water molecules to stick. This
    water is a solution of minerals in the form of
    ions for the roots to absorb.
  • Negatively charged ions dont bind t the clay and
    are therefore easily picked up by the roots.
  • Positively charged ions such as potassium and
    calcium are bound tightly to the clay and are
    picked up by ion exchange. The root exchanges
    hydrogen ions for the minerals.

6
Soil Conservation
  • Sustainable agriculture is centered around
    sustaining the top soil. Disasters such as the
    Dust bowl have occurred because there was no soil
    conservation.
  • Fertilizers- adds essential minerals back to
    soil. Must be done in a way that preserves soil
    pH and doesnt pollute ground water.
  • Irrigation- must be done in a way that provides
    water with out destroying the water sources or
    altering the salinity of the soil.
  • Erosion- over farming removes the plant roots
    from the soil that help hold the top soil in.
    Dry windy conditions cause the top soil to erode.
    Planting patterns such as adding trees to the
    perimeter of farmed land can help prevent
    erosion.
  • Soil reclamation- rehabilitation soil.
    Phytoremediaiton uses plans that are able to
    extract pollutants from the soil.

7
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8
Nitrogen- the greatest limiting factor to plant
growth.
  • Soil Bacteria and nitrogen. Plants cant take
    nitrogen from the air. Nitrogen is made
    available through bacteria in the soil.
  • Decomposition releases ammonia into the soil
  • Nitrogen fixing bacteria takes N2 and turns it
    into NH3(ammonia) which will then from
    NH4(ammonium ion). Plants can pick up ammonium.
  • Most nitrogen is taken up in the form of NO3-
    (nitrate) Ammonium is converted to nitrate by
    nitrifying bacteria.

9
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10
Symbiosis and Bacteria
  • Nitrogen fixation occurs in root nodules
    containing nitrogen fixing bacteria in the legume
    family. The bacteria provides the plant with
    nitrogen and the plant provides carbohydrates to
    the bacteria.

11
Symbiosis and Fungus
  • Mycorrhizae- fungus on the roots that have a
    mutualistic relationship with plants. The fungus
    increases surface area for the root, secrete
    growth factors, and protect the plant from
    pathogenetic bacteria. In return the plant
    provides carbohydrates to the fungus.

12
Nutritional Adaptations of Plants
  • Epiphytes- grows on another plant. Usually
    absorb water and minerals through leaves rather
    than roots. Growing anchored on a tree gives
    greater access to sunlight.
  • Parasitic Plants- absorb sugars and minerals from
    roots that enter the host plant
  • Carnivorous plants- live in soils that lack
    nitrogen. Use modified leaves to trap and digest
    insects.
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