Girding for War: The North and the South

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Chapter 20

• Girding for War The North and the South

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Menace of Secession

• No war unless South started it
• Cant separate geographically or politically
• Europe would love it
• Divide Conquer

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South Carolina Assails Ft. Sumter

• South seized number of US arsenals, mints,
  other public property
• Ft. Sumter, Charleston, South Carolina most
  important
• Provisions would only last a few weeks
• South would view more provisions as attack

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• Lincoln cant let Ft. be seized

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• Lincoln informed SC
• April 12, 1861 South fired on Ft. Sumter
• Lasted 34 hours
• South won
• 1st Battle of Civil War
• North united after battle

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• Tactical defeat into calculated victory
• Lincoln called for volunteers
• Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee North Carolina
  joined South
• Capital moved from Montgomery to Richmond

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Brothers Blood

• Border States
• Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware, West
  Virginia believed in slavery but did not secede
• Border group contained white population more
  than half of the South
• Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri would double the
  manufacturing capacity of South

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• Lincoln declared marshal law in Maryland
• Deployed troops to West Virginia Missouri
• Not fighting to end slavery PERSERVE THE UNION
• Needed the Border States

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• Oklahoma Native Americans sided with South
  South took up federal payment to NA
• NA sent troops
• Brothers fought on both sides Mary Todd Lincoln
  South

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Balances of Forces

• South could fight defensive war only need to
  keep North out
• North had to invade South, defeat it, drag back
  into Union
• South had the better officers Robert E. Lee
  offered command of Northern troops 1st
• Southerners accustomed to fighting

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• South few factories by seizures, blockade
  running, own ironworks. Managed
• Short of shoes, uniforms, blankets
• Hunger of troops due to poor transportation
• Economy Souths greatest weakness Norths
  greatest strength

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• North had 3/4th of nations wealth
• North controlled the seas
• More manpower
• N- 22 million to S 9 million- including slaves
• North had large immigrant population who fought

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• Lincoln used trial - - error to find good
  generals

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Dethroning of King Cotton

• Most revolutions worked because of foreign help
• South counting on help from GB
• GB read UTC
• South counting on cotton GB had a stock pile
• North sent food to GB
• King Wheat King Corn replaced King Cotton

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Decisiveness of Diplomacy

• Trent Affair
• Confederate diplomats removed from British ship
• GB built Alabama violation of neutrality
• Sunk 250 US ships

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Foreign Flare-ups

• 2 war ships were being built by GB
• If finished North would have invaded Canada
• After war GB paid US 15.5 million for damages
  done by Alabama
• Napoleon III placed figure head on Mexican throne
  violation of Monroe Doctrine

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• After war killed by Mexicans

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Davis vs. Lincoln

• States rights caused problems for South
  difficult to keep united
• Davis overworked too focused on military
  government details
• Lincoln more flexible
• Lincoln better even though less experienced

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Limitations of War Time Liberties

• Ways Lincoln violated constitution
• Increased army
• Advanced
• Suspended habeas corpus
• Allowed supervised voting in Border States

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Volunteers Draftees

• North South drafted soldiers
• Rich could by their way out in NS
• Draft riots in N NYC worst people died African
  American lynched
• Enlistment bounties
• Some 1,000

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Economic Stresses of War

• North raised taxes to make
• South had little to tax
• National Banking Act 1st step toward National
  Bank since Jackson
• South had runaway inflation
• South 9,000 North 80

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Norths Economic Plan

• New factories
• Some took advantage of war
• Sizes created to produce clothes
• Women went to work
• Clara Barton Dorthea Dix nurses
• Barton started Red Cross

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Crushed King Cotton

• Civil War crushed Southern finically
• Economic cannibalism
• Tear up one thing to fix another