Sniper Tracking With Wireless Sensor Networks

1
Sniper Tracking With Wireless Sensor Networks

• Challenges, Technology Advancement and Current
  Systems

2
Outline

• Design Space Challenges and Issues
• Background Information
• Subjective Classes
• Early Sniper Detection Systems
• Manet and WSN
• Current Systems
• Conclusion

3
Motivation

• Interesting Topic
• A Valued Emerging Technology
• Saves Lives From Terrorist Activity
• Fascinating Technology
• High Profile Subject
• 911 Reaction
• Removing a Deadly Threat

4
Design Space Issues

• Ad Hoc, Multihop, Unpartitioned Network of
  Largely Homogeneous, Tiny, Resource-constrained,
  Mostly Immobile Sensor Nodes
• Framework for Discussing and Structuring
  Coordinated Research
• Avoid Duplicate Work
• Develop Flexible Software

5
Background

• Snipers Are a Deadly Threat
• Battlefield and Urban Environments
• Early Systems of Detection Lacking
• Bullet Reaches Target Long Before Sound
• No Practical Method to Localize Sniper
• Early WSN Systems Still Needed Research and
  Improvement

6
Research and Improvement

• Accurate Sniper Localization
• Deployment
• Mobility
• Cost, Size, Resources and Energy
• Heterogeneity
• Communication Modes
• Network Topology
• Coverage
• Connectivity

7
Research/Improvement - contd

• Network Size
• Lifetime
• Software issues
• Hardware Issues
• Integration Challenges
• Real-time Constraints
• External Entities

8
Specific Issues

• Time Synchronization
• Message Routing
• Sensor Localization and Density
• Signal Detection
• Portability
• Dynamic/Static Sensor Networks
• Processing Sensor Information

9
Early Implementations

• Visual Infrared Cameras
• Acoustic Microphones
• Shockwave Pressure Sensors
• Optics Laser Reflection
• Muzzle Blast and Flash
• Computer Assisted Satellite Surveillance
• Best Guess

10
Early Sniper Detection Systems
11
Current Implementations

• ShotSpotter
• Boomerang
• Small Arms Detection System SADS
• WeaponWatch
• C-Sniper integrated with DARPA Crosshairs
• Robot Enhanced Detection Outpost With Lasers -
  REDOWL

12
Conclusion and Improvements

• How long can we keep doing it this way?
• 911 Events Prompted Accelerated Development and
  Delivery of Systems
• Sniper Threats Have Changed Drastically
• Trend Toward Fully Automated Systems with
  Operator Control to Engage Threat
• Teminator Type Systems Possible But Not
  Probable Due to Rules of Engagement

13
Current Implementations contd

• Boomerang

14
Current Implementations contd

• SADS

15
Current Implementations contd

• WeaponWatch

16
References

• 1 The 29 Palms Experiment Tracking vehicles
  with a UAV-delivered sensor network.tinyos.millenn
  ium.berkeley.edu/29Palms.htm.
• 2 Sniper Localization - G. Simon, A. Ledezczi,
  and M. Maroti. Sensor Network-
• Based Countersniper System. In Proc. SenSys,
  Baltimore, USA, November 2004.
• 3 W. M. Meriall, F. Newberg, K. Sohrabi, W.
  Kaiser, and G. Pottie. Collaborative Networking
  Requirements for Unattended Ground Sensor
  Systems. In Proc. IEEE Aerospace Conference,
  March 2003.
• 4 http//www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name
  Newsfilearticlesid903
• 5 http//www.ece.tufts.edu/research/wisenet/Proj
  ects/EE194-2005- Projects/1JoeWing's20Pre
  sentation/Presentation01.ppt5
• 6 http//www.shotspotter.com/
• 7 http//www.defenseindustrydaily.com/antisniper
  -systems-finding-their-range-01437/
• 8 http//www.defense-update.com/products/s/sads.
  htm