A Challenging Time 17751815

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A Challenging Time1775-1815

• By
• 8-27
• Group 1

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The Thirteen Colonies

• British Colonies in North America founded
  1608-1732
• Refers to 13 colonies that rebelled against
  British rule (1775) proclaim independence July
  4 1776
• First 13 States of U.S.A.
• New England Colonies New Hampshire,
  Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut
• Middle Colonies were New York, New Jersey,
  Pennsylvania, Delaware
• Southern Colonies were Maryland, Virginia, North
  Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia

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Sugar Act of 1764

• Revenue-raising act
• Forced taxes to be put on imported goods such as
  sugar
• Officers were allowed to seize goods from
  smugglers without going to court
• This angered colonists, some of which boycotted
  sugar
• The act made the British upset with how things
  were run
• Helped start the American Revolution

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Stamp Act of 1765

• Passed by British Parliament, March 22, 1765
• All newspapers and legal documents had to have a
  stamp on it
• Ranged from one cent to a few dollars
• Merchants didnt trade for British goods, tax
  collectors were terrorized
• Ended in 1766

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Townshend Acts - 1767

• Passed June 29, 1767
• Passed by British Parliament
• Placed tax on common products, like lead, glass,
  paper, paint and tea
• Proposed by/ named after Charles Townshend
• Non-importation agreement between colonial
  merchants cut British imports by almost
  two-thirds
• The act was one of events to cause American
  Revolution, impacted Canada

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1773- Tea Act (Boston Tea Party)

• East India Company sole right to ship/ sell tea
  in North America (given monopoly)
• North American shippers/shopkeepers impacted,
  could not sell tea
• Act caused the Boston Tea Party
• 40-50 Bostonians dressed like Natives, dumped 3
  boatloads tea from British ships into the harbour
• The Tea Act partially caused the American
  Revolution, had a great affect on Canada
• Colonists from the 13 Colonies invaded Quebec,
  failed, keeping British North America out of the
  American Revolution

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The Intolerable Acts - 1774

• The Boston Port Bill - June 1,1774
• Closed Boston Harbour to all but British until
  tea paid
• The Quartering Act - March 24, 1765
• King sent troops to Boston, food/ shelter
  provided by threatened colonists
• The Administration of Justice Act- May 20, 1774
• British officials not tried for crimes in
  colonial courts, British free to do what want to
  colonies/ colonists
• Massachusetts Government Act- May 20, 1774
• British govt ruled town meetings, no self govt
  (Boston)
• The Quebec Act - May 20, 1774
• Bill to Canadian Borders in attempt to stop
  colonists expanding west
• Cut off western colonies (Connecticut,
  Massachusetts and Virginia)
• Quebec biggest piece of land (Ohio Territory)

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Taxation Without Representation

• Saying from 1763-1775
• Being taxed by the government without any
  benefit or representatives in the British
  Parliament to speak for you
• Taxes were in place to pay for the British Army
• Angered the colonists

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American Revolution The Refugees

• American Revolution was events that resulted in
  the formation of United Stated of America
• American Revolutionary War (War of Independence)
  lasted from 1775-1783
• The Thirteen Colonies fought the British in
  attempt to be a new independent nation
• Declared their independence as a new nation, the
  United States of America, in 1776
• Americans attacked Quebec City on New Years Eve,
  1775
• Canadians and British fought together and were
  united
• Refugees of the American Revolution went to
  Acadian land in 1762 (News Brunswick)

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The Constitutional Act of 1791

• In effect December 26, 1791
• Passed to meet demands of loyalists and give
  inhabitants of Quebec the same rights as British
  subjects in North America
• Separated Upper Canada and Lower Canada, gave
  them their our legislative assemblies
• Ensured constitutional changes that were part of
  the reorganization of British North America

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War of 1812

• June 1812 - December 1814 (treaty of Ghent)
• The American Army entered Upper canada in July
  1812 with many troops
• Battle of New Orleans occurred after the peace
  treaty because of poor communication
• Discouraged American immigration to British
  North America
• Stabilized the border at 49
• Britain began to respect the United States as a
  separate nation
• United the French and English

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The Loyalists(Tories)

• Loyalists were those born/ living in American
  Colonies during Revolution
• Loyalist supported Britain for many reasons
• Loyalists are part of Canada now
• Maritime provinces home for loyalists
• 2000 moved to present day Quebec

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Migration Northward

• Loyalists migrated not by choice
• Didnt want to become American citizens or
  contribute to the British for their public
  support
• Migration Controlled and assisted
• Some settled in Halifax, Shelburne, and St. John
  River valley
• Helped develop cities in Canada today

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British Colony of New Brunswick

• Created in 1784
• Loyalists wanted the new colony, felt they were
  too far away from the capital in Halifax
• The British Government agreed
• Not as difficult to control
• Developed a representative government two years
  after being formed

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Captain James Cook

• 1755 joined Great Britains Royal Navy, expert
  navigator
• One of 1st sea captains to find scurvy cure
• Sailed farther south than anyone
• Helped open up Western Canada for settlement

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Captain George Vancouver

• Explored and mapped the pacific coast
• Was trying to get info on the Northwest passage
• Met Spanish Commander Bodega y Quadra
• Arranged for a transfer of Spanish Territory to
  Britain
• Gave control of the west coast fur trade to the
  British

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Simon Fraser

• Founding Father of British Columbia
• Did major exploration on North America
• First to build first trading posts west of rocky
  Mountains
• Established the modern day forts of Fort McLeod,
  Fort Frasier, Fort St. James, and Fort George

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David Thompson

• British surveyor, map-maker, fur trader, explorer
• Moved to Canada in 1784 to apprentice Hudsons
  Bay Company (surveyor)
• Most important geographer in history of North
  America
• Mapped almost 4.5 million km2
• He discovered passage through the continental
  divide, allowed populating of British Columbia

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References

• Clark/ McKay(1992). Canada Revisited. Arnold
  Publishing Ltd.
• Add Tea Act (1773) Tea Party Too Retrieved May
  29/07 from the internet http//ngeorgie.com/revol
  ution/amrev5a.html
• Colonial America Tea Act May 10, 1773. Retrieved
  May 29/07 from the internet http//www.u-s-histor
  y.com/pages/h1248.html
• Taking Action. Retrieved May 31/07 from the
  internet http//library.thinkquest.org/TQO312848/
  inacts.htm
• Wikipedia(2007). James Cook. Retrieved June 1/07
  from the internet http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja
  mes_Cook
• U.S. Department of State(unknown). Taxation
  Without Representation. Retrieved June 2/07 from
  the internet http//countrystudies.us/united-stat
  es/history-22.htm
• Applied History Research Group of the U of
  C(2001). Migration North. Retrieved May 30/07
  from the internet http//www.ucalgary.ca/applied_
  history/tutor/migrations/two2b.html
• Online Highways(2005). Taxation Without
  Representation. Retrieved June 1/07 from the
  internet http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h640.ht
  ml