CHAPTER 4 MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP

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(No Transcript)
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SEAMANSHIP CH. 4MARLINSPIKE SEAMANSHIP
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MARLINSPIKE

• Again, the reference text for this chapter is
  CHAPMAN, PILOTING AND SEAMANSHIP, Marlinspike
  
• AUXSEA STUDENT STUDY GUIDE

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3 BASIC TYPES OF ROPE(LINE)

• Natural
• Synthetic
• Wire

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NATURAL ROPE(Line)

• MANILA and COTTON
• About the only two kinds of natural rope(line)
  left.
  
• LINE Name given to all ropes when put to use
  aboard a vessel.
  
• Two or three strands TWISTED clockwise to form
  one single strand.

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NATURAL ROPE(LINE)MANILA

• Made from plant fibers.
• Most popular
• ADVANTAGES
• Readily available
• Inexpensive
• Very durable

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MANILA

• DISADVANTAGES
• Manila deteriorates if stowed wet, damp or left
  in the bright sunlight.
  
• NOTE
• Manila has been virtually replaced by synthetic
  lines especially for running rigging

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COTTON LINE

• ADVANTAGES
• Pliable
• Runs smoothly in blocks
• DISADVANTAGES
• ½ Strength of Manila
• Susceptible to rot
• Stretches, especially when wet

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WORKING TOOL(S)FID and MARLINSPIKE

• A FID is the instrument or tool used to work on
  natural and synthetic lines and is usually made
  of WOOD, PLASTIC or ALUMINUM, SO AS NOT TO DAMAGE
  THE LINE while working it.
• MARLINSPIKE In appearance, it may look almost
  like a FID but is made of STEEL for endurance.

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MARLINSPIKE (FID)
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SYNTHETIC ROPEADVANTAGES

• Almost impervious to salt, air, water and
  anything else that could destroy natural line
  
• Tougher and stronger for their size than almost
  any other line material
  
• Last a long time
• Do a better job than any other kind of line

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SYNTHETIC ROPEDISADVANTAGES

• It tends to UNLAY when cut.
• Must be whipped or stopped immediately.
• Open flame or Heating iron good for this.

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4 TYPES OF SYNTHETIC ROPES

• NYLON
• DACRON
• POLYPROPYLENE
• POLYETHYLENE

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ADVANTAGES OF NYLON

• HIGHEST ELASTICITY
• CAN ABSORB 7 TIMES SHOCK LOAD OF MANILA
• USED EXTENSIVELY FOR TOWING AND MOORING
• HIGH RESISTANCE TO ROT
• HIGH ABRASIVE RESISTANCE

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NYLONADVANTAGES Contd

• Twice as strong as manila
• Can use nylon of smaller diameter in replacing
  manila lines
  
• Cheaper in the long run
• Extremely flexible
• No breaking in period

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NYLON Disadvantage
NOTE MAIN DISADVANTAGE When it reaches the end o
f its elongation, it will SNAP, like a rubber
band, becoming extremely dangerous to anybody or
thing in its path.
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DACRON

• Has all the properties of Nylon BUT is NOT as
  Elastic
  
• Fairly light in weight
• Mostly has replaced cotton lines on most vessels

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POLYETHYLENE

• ADVANTAGES
• It floats.
• DISADVANTAGES
• Low abrasion resistance
• Not nearly as supple as other synthetics
• Knots need to be secured

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POLYPROPYLENE

• Low abrasion resistance
• Again not very supple
• It FLOATS
• Stronger when it is wet

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WIRE ROPE

• Generally confined to use on sailing vessels and
  larger boats.
  
• Many strands of wire are wound over an inner core
  of either wire or fabric such as cotton or a
  synthetic fabric.
  
• The core provides a source of lubrication(when
  oiled)(or graphite) to ease the friction of the
  wires and also provides some elasticity or give.

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WIRE ROPE

• 5 GRADES RELATIVE TO STRENGTH
• IMPROVED PLOW STEEL
• PLOW STEEL
• MILD PLOW STEEL
• TRACTION STEEL
• IRON

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WIRE ROPE

• Used where GREAT STRENGTH or HEAVY LOADING is
  needed, such as STANDING RIGGING and CABLE
  TOWING
  
• Extremely stiff
• Must use a MARLINSPIKE to work with it
• Difficult to work with

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CARING FOR YOUR LINES

• Neglect can be very expensive. TAKE CARE OF YOUR
  LINES.
  
• DO NOT OVERLOAD Generally, safe working strength
  is 1/5 the BREAKING strength.
  
• PROTECT AGAINST ABRASION Always use chaffing
  gear.
  
• AVOID SUDDEN STRAINS ON THE LINE
• KEEP YOUR LINES CLEAN Sand, dirt and grit will
  grind away the material in a line. Wash them as
  needed.
  

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LINE CARE (Contd)
6. STORE YOUR LINES PROPERLY a. FAKING YES. Wh
en appropriate b. COILING YES. When appropriate
c. FLEMISHING YES. When appropriate d. CHORD
INGNO. Bunched up and thrown into a rope locker!
Even when you do it wrong, there is a proper name
for it! DO NOT CHORD your lines! .
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COILED-FLEMISHED-FAKED
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LINE CARE Contd
7. Match your line to the use 8. Keep all chemica
ls away 9. Avoid excess wear 10. Avoid kinks 11
. Dont run lines over sharp edges
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PARTS OF A LINE
Overhand Loop
Working End
Underhand Loop
Standing Part
Bitter End
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DIPPING THE EYE

• Used where more than one vessels mooring line is
  used on the same pile.
  
• DOCKING Your EYE SPLICE up through the other eye
  splices over the top and let settle around the
  piling.
  
• UNDOCKING lift your eye splice up over the
  piling then pull through other eye splices from
  the bottom.
  
• YOURE ON YOUR WAY.

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DIPPING THE EYE
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SQUARE (REEF) KNOT

• Most common way to join two lines of EQUAL
  DIAMETER together, where no great load is
  anticipated.
  
• The square knot will JAM if heavily loaded,
  making it almost impossible to break it down
  without cutting it out.
  
• It may also be forced into two half hitches,
  under great strain.

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SQUARE KNOT
animation
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BOWLINE

• Used to form a TEMPORARY LOOP in the end of a
  line.
  
• Wont slip under a load
• Easy to tie and untie
• One of the MOST USEFUL knots we have today.

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BOWLINE
animation
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HALF HITCH

• Used in conjunction with other knots.
• Round turn with two half hitches commonly used as
  a long term fastening to secure a line to a
  piling.

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Round Turn
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Round Turn
animation
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HALF HITCH
animation
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TWO HALF HITCHES
USED TO TIE A LINE TO A RING,
PILE, POST OR GROMMET
EASY TO UNTIE UNDER TENSION
MORE PERMANENT THAN A CLOVE HITCH
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CLOVE HITCH

• Used to TEMPORARILY fasten a line to a piling or
  other attachment.
  
• MUST WATCH IT(so that it does not undo).
• When under a strain, it will not slip.
• When under a hard strain, it will set up tight
  and may be difficult to break down.
  
• On the other hand, if left slack, it may work
  itself loose.

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CLOVE HITCH
animation
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TIMBER HITCH

• Very useful in towing logs or other similar
  objects.
  
• Fast and easy knot to tie and break down.
• If you use half hitches with this knot, tie them
  FIRST , then proceed with the timber hitch.

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TIMBER HITCH
animation
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ROLLING HITCH

• A utility knot which can be tied around another
  line already under strain to maintain the
  strain.
  
• Can be be bent to a spar or other similar
  object.
  
• Used to form a bridle for towing.

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ROLLING HITCH (UTILITY)
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SHEET OR BECKET BEND

• Used to tie two lines of UNEQUAL DIAMETER
  together.
  
• Easy to break down after a heavy strain.
• DOUBLE BECKET Simply an extra turn back under
  and through.

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SHEET OR BECKET BEND
animation
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DOUBLE BECKET/SHEET BEND
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SPLICING

• Preferred method of joining two lines together
• EYE SPLICETo make a PERMANENT EYE at the end.
• LONG SPLICE Does NOT increase diameter of the
  line. Good for use with blocks, sheeves.
  
• SHORT SPLICE May increase lin Preferred method
  of joining two lines together e diameter and is
  not used to run through a block, etc.
  

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MOORING DEVICES

• BITTS
• BOLLARDS
• CLEATS
• SAMPSON POSTS

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BITTS

• Used to moor large vessels.
• Normally found on commercial piers.

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BITTS
animation
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CRUCIFORM BOLLARD
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CLEAT

• Found on boats and docks of all sizes.
• Used to secure lines of all sizes and uses

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CLEAT
animation
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LARKS HEAD
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 1

• The clove hitch is used to tie a line to a pile
  or bollard when_______
  
• a. a permanent fastening is required
• b. when dipping your line is required
• c. securing hemp lines only
• d. a temporary fastening is desired

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REVIEW QUESTIONS

• The clove hitch is used to tie a line to a pile
  or bollard when______
  
• d. a temporary fastening is desired

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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO.2
2. Which knot is most useful to temporarily join
the ends of different diameter lines? The
_________ a. Fishermans bend b. Square or Ree
f knot c. Sheet or Becket Bend d. Sheepshank
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. Which knot is most useful to temporarily join
the ends of different diameter lines?
The___________
c. Sheet or Becket bend
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 3
3. The preferred method of joining rope ends
permanently is by use of a ___________
a. knot b. splice c. marlinspike d. turnbuc
kle
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. The preferred method of joining line ends
permanently is by use of a _________________

b. splice
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 4
4. Which of the following types of line has the
highest elasticity? a. Manila b. Dacron c. C
otton
d. Nylon
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. Which of the following types of line has the
highest elasticity?
d. Nylon
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 5
5. The most popular and durable of natural fibers
used in the manufacture of rope for marine
applications is ______ a. flax b. sisal c. c
otton d. manila hemp
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
5. The most popular and durable of natural fibers
used in the manufacture of rope for marine
applications is ________
d. manila hemp
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 6
6. The bowline is a knot which is relatively
easy to tie and is ______ a. especially useful
for forming a temporary loop in the end of a
line. b. difficult to untie and tends to slip
c. most useful for reefing sails
d. never used to tie sheets to the clew of the
jib sail
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. The bowline is a knot which is relatively
easy to tie and is ______ a. especially usef
ul for forming a loop
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 7
7. Cotton rope has about _____ as much strength
as compared to manila? a. ¼ b. ½ c. ¾ d. e
qual
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. Cotton rope has about _____as much strength as
compared to manila?
b. 1/2
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 8
8. Rope made of the synthetics Polypropylene and
Polyethylene_____ a. are more supple than Dacron
and Nylon b. will float c. have a higher abra
sion resistance than Dacron or Nylo
n d. are stronger when wet than when dry
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
8. Rope made of the synthetics Polypropylene and
Polyethylene _____
b. will float
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 9
9. When laying down a long line on deck for
possible full length use, the line should be
______ a. flemished b. faked c. coiled or wr
apped d. braided
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
9. When laying down a long line on deck for
possible full length use, the line should be
________
b. Faked
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REVIEW QUESTIONS NO. 10
10. Where is Nylon sometimes dangerous?
a. in the open sun b. in dark, damp storage c
. when tightly spliced d. under a heavy towing l
oad
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REVIEW QUESTIONS
10. Where is Nylon sometimes dangerous ?

d. under a heavy load
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END OF CH. 4