Land Cover Classification, Deforestation Patterns Analysis and Field Survey

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27th Annual Conference International Association
for Impact Assessment
Deforestation Patterns Analysis of the
Baekdudaegan Mountain Range
- Land Cover Classification, Deforestation
Patterns Analysis and Field Survey -
7th June, 2007
Won-Kyong SONG, Dong-Kun LEE
Seoul National University, Korea
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Contents
?. Introduction
1. Background and Objectives
?. Scope and Methodology
1. Scope 2. Methods
?. Results and Discussion
1. Land Cover Classification 2. Temporal Change
Analysis 3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis 4.
Field Survey of Deforestation Regions
?. Conclusion
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?. INTRODUCTION
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?. Introduction
1. Background and Objectives
Significance of Baekdudaegan Mountain Range

• Runs from Mountain Baekdu to mountain Jiri which
  has been considered as a sentimental foundation
  of Korea
• Symbol of Korean Peninsula
• Back bone of Biosphere
• Main Axis of Korean Consciousness

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?. Introduction
1. Background and Objectives
No quantitative researches about Baekdudaegan
Deforestation areas

• Understanding of importance of Baekdudaegan
  Mountain Region as a sentimental and ecological
  foundation of Korea
• Recently, Increasing deforestation of
  Baekdudaegan Mountain Region
• Considering a broad area of Beakdudaegan Mountain
  Region and temporal deforestation patterns, we
  need to analysis the region more widely.
• We need to analyze quantitatively about
  deforestation and sustainable management, using
  satellite images and quantitative methods.

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?. Introduction
1. Background and Objectives

• Analysis of deforestation areas and spatial
  patterns of Baekdudaegan Mountain Region
• Fundamental study for sustainable management of
  Baekdudaegan Region

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?. Scope and Methods
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?. Scope and Methods
1. Scope
Study Area
Baekdudaegan Preservation Area
Length 680km, area 5,341?
Administrative district 6 provinces,
12cities, 20 counties
Period of Study
The latter half of the 1980s the first half
of the 2000s (1989, 1998, 2002)
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?. Scope and Methods
2. Methods
Programs
Data
Landsat 5, 7 TM/ETM
Land Cover Classification (80, 90, 00s)
Image Analyst 8.0 ArcGIS 9.0
Land Cover Classification Map
Temporal Change Analysis
Image Analyst 8.0 ArcGIS 9.0
Land Cover Classification Map DEM/Digital Map
Deforestation Patterns Analysis of Baekdudaegan
ArcGIS 9.0 Excel 2003
Field Survey of Deforestation Areas
Field Survey
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?. Scope and Methods
2. Methods
Satellite Imagery
References
Digital Map, Forest Map
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?. Scope and Methods
2. Methods
Using Band 4
Masking Water boundary
Band Combination
Supervised Classification
Unsupervised Classification
Process
Result
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?. Scope and Methods
2. Methods
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?. Scope and Methods
2. Methods
Temporal Deforestation Patterns Analysis by
Spatial distribution

• Altitude Divided by each 200m
• Slope Divided by each 10 degrees
• Aspect 8 aspects

Topographical Patterns

• Distance from Roads Divided by each 200m
• Distance from Stream Divided by each 200m
• Distance from Marugeum (Baekudaegan Ridgeline)
  Divided by each 200m

Spatial Patterns
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?. Scope and Methods
2. Methods
Field Survey of Representative Deforestation
Areas

• Purpose
• - Field Survey of Deforestation Areas
• - Problems Analysis of Deforestation Areas
• Sites Selection
• - The Largest Deforestation Region in the
  Baekdudaegan
• Preservation Area in 10
• - Deforestation Regions Built_up,
  Agriculture, Barren, Grass Areas
• Field Survey Schedule
• - 21th May, 2004 23th May, 2004
• - 11th November, 2004 13th November, 2004
• Methods
• - Field survey about land use, land cover
  and deforestation patterns
• - Interview with residents, taking
  photographs

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?. Results and Discussion
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?. Results
1. Land Cover Classification
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?. Results
1. Land Cover Classification
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?. Results
2. Temporal Change Analysis
Existing Deforestation Area Forest 90_Built_up 90_
Agriculture 90_Grass 90_Barren 80_Built_up 80_Agri
culture 80_Grass 80_Barren
Built_up Agriculture Forest Grass Wetland Barren W
ater
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?. Results
2. Temporal Change Analysis
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?. Results
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
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?. Results
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
Deforestation Patterns Altitude
1980s
1980-1990s
1990-2000s







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?. Results
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
Deforestation Patterns Slope
1980s
1980-1990s
1990-2000s
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?. Results
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
Deforestation Patterns Aspect
1980s
1980-1990s
1990-2000s
NNE NEE SEE SS E SSW SWW NSS NNS
NNE NEE SEE SSE SSW SWW NSS NNS
NNE NEE SEE SSE SSW SWW NSS NNS
NNE NEE SEE SSE SSW SWW NSS NNS
NNE NEE SEE SSE SSW SWW NSS NNS
NNE NEE SEE SSE SSW SWW NSS NNS
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?. Results
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
Deforestation Patterns Distance from Road
1980s
1980-1990s
1990-2000s
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?. Results
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
Deforestation Patterns Distance from Water
1980s
1980-1990s
1990-2000s
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?. Results
3. Deforestation Patterns Analysis
Deforestation Patterns Distance from Marugeum
1980s
1980-1990s
1990-2000s
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?. Results
4. Field Survey
Field Survey Sites and Deforestation Types
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?. Results
4. Field Survey

• Built-up areas are composed of existing rural
  towns and roads, collective service-facilities
  areas.

• Built-up areas have serious problems of forest
  discontinuation with point, line, and surface
  forms.
• There are increasing crop fields and orchards
  close by built-up areas, especially hill areas
  deforestation is being aggravated.

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?. Results
4. Field Survey

• Agriculture areas are composed of existing fields
  close by rural town and highland vegetable
  growers.

• There are increasing small-scale cultivation,
  vegetable garden and orchards close by rural
  town.
• Highland fields are increasing in Gangwon-do and
  KyungSangbuk-do by agricultural policy of local
  self-government.
• In Highland fields, the use of pesticides and
  fertilizers has been increased to maintain soil
  fertility and improve crop productivity.

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?. Results
4. Field Survey

• Grassland areas are composed of pastures, natural
  grasslands and lands in fallow, cemetery parks et
  al.

• Pasture areas show the largest deforestation
  patterns in Baekdudaegan Conservation Region.

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?. Results
4. Field Survey

• Bare land areas are composed of mining districts,
  campsites, slopes of road and facilities.

• The most serious deforestation form is bared
  areas by mining and slopes
• Slopes of roads are serious problem causing
  continuous soil erosion, topographic changes, and
  discontinuity of forest habitats.

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?. Conclusion
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?. Conclusion
Conclusion

• The land use types in the Baekdudaegan
  Preservation Region were largely classified into
  urbanized/built-up area (residential, industrial,
  commercial, recreational, and public facility
  areas) including transportation area
  (expressways, national highways, and trails),
  agricultural area (rice paddies, agricultural
  fields, orchards, and so on), and bare land
  (mining areas).
• The Results show deforestation areas are
  gradually increasing after 1980s by detection
  methods of remote sensing and land cover
  classification.
• The deforestation areas after 1990s are larger
  than the deforestation areas after 1980s,
  especially agricultural and built-up areas are
  relatively more accelerative deforesting.

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?. Conclusion
Conclusion

• The largest deforestation area in the
  Baekdudaegan was found in where elevation is
  rower than 400m, slope below 20 degree, the areas
  less than 200m from roads and streams, and the
  deforestation areas located in more serous areas
  after 1980s.
• The central and local governments should take the
  proactive initiative to restore the deforested
  area in a long-term gradual manner by operating
  both institutional and policy-level strategies.

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Thank you for attention